
Chechnya (Russia)
In the poster above, then Russian President Vladimir Putin shakes hands with then Chechen presidential candidate Alu Alkhanov. The Kremlin credits Alkhanov's successor, former rebel leader Ramzan Kadyrov, with helping subdue Chechnya's insurgency and bringing order to the oil-rich Russian republic. Kadyrov's private militia is linked to numerous abductions and disappearances, as well as the maintenance of unsanctioned prisons and torture chambers. Kadyrov's emphasis on traditional Chechen Islam -- including a call for polygamy in the republic -- has led to increased discrimination against women.
YURI TUTOV/AFP/Getty Images



























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