• NOVEMBER 21, 2009
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The Other Ticking Clock in Iran

Forget about Iran's nukes for the moment. The real crisis is its drive for advanced surface-to-air missiles.

BY CHRISTIAN CARYL | OCTOBER 2, 2009

The recent revelations about Iran's nuclear program -- centering on an enrichment facility buried in a mountain near the holy city of Qom -- have almost certainly intensified the sense of urgency among policymakers in Jerusalem. Even though the news has triggered a new round of high-stakes diplomacy (including an unusual bilateral meeting between Americans and Iranians), you can bet that Israeli military planning for an attack on the Islamic Republic's nuclear facilities has moved into overdrive. Yet there's another ticking clock the Israelis are worried about that hasn't been in the headlines quite so much.

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For years now, Tehran has been working hard to acquire sophisticated Russian antiaircraft missiles that would make it far tougher for Israeli planes to stage a successful attack on Iranian nuclear facilities. One Israeli lawmaker, Zeev Elkin, even warned last week that delivering the missiles could even speed up the timing of an Israeli air raid. "I hope Moscow understands that the deliveries will at least speed up such events, if not trigger them," Elkin told the Russian daily Kommersant. Experts estimate that a working Iranian nuclear weapon is still probably at least a year away, depending on a host of contingencies. But the Russian missiles, which just might ensure that Iran's nuclear installations can be protected from attack, could be delivered at any time. So it's easy to understand why, right now, Israeli minds seem to be focused on the more urgent of these two ticking clocks.

The system in question is the S-300 -- actually something of a catchall term because the name covers several systems of varying ages and levels of effectiveness. The S-300 is essentially the Russian equivalent of the American Patriot: quick-reaction missiles designed to defend large areas of airspace against incoming airplanes and ballistic missiles. Although the S-300 has never been tested under combat conditions, military experts have a high opinion of its capabilities -- especially those of the more recent variants like the PMU-2 Favorit (known in the West as the SA-20B), which can track 100 targets while engaging up to 12. It can hit targets as far as 120 miles away. "It's a high-technology weapon," said Siemon Wezeman of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, which tracks arms shipments around the world. "It has an impact which is not restricted to just two or three square kilometers. It's a major thing."

Russia apparently first offered the Iranians the chance to buy S-300s in 2005, but then pulled back on the deal due to diplomatic controversies surrounding Iran's nuclear programs. In 2007, Tehran signed a contract to buy several S-300 batteries -- or so at least it would seem. Confusion about the actual state of the deal has swirled ever since. Anatoly Isaikin, director of Russia's state arms export company, confirmed in September of last year that the two countries were negotiating a sale. In April of this year Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister Mehdi Safari visited Moscow to push things along and declared, "There are no problems with this contract." Yet so far none of the system appears to have been delivered to the Iranians.

The Israelis don't seem reassured. For months they've been lobbying Moscow to hold off on delivering the missiles. Israel's Russian-speaking foreign minister, Avigdor Lieberman, visited the Kremlin in June, and the missile deal figured large in his discussions with Russian officials. President Shimon Peres turned up in Russia in August to drive home the point. In September, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also set off for talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. First item on the agenda: S-300s. (Netanyahu at first told the press he was headed somewhere else, but the cover story soon fell through, igniting considerable controversy back at home.)

Why are the Israelis so worked up? Simple. Just consider the air raid -- dubbed "Operation Orchard" -- staged by Israel on a suspected nuclear facility in Syria in September 2007. (U.S. and Israeli officials contend that the Syrian installation was built with help from the North Koreans.) The Syrian air defenses consisted largely of the same missiles the Iranians have now -- Russian-made Tor M1s (known by NATO as SA-15s). But they didn't leave a scratch on the attackers. The Israelis successfully befuddled the Syrian radars and didn't lose a single plane; the Syrian target was completely wiped out. The raid has been described as a "dress rehearsal" for a possible attack on Iranian sites.

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Christian Caryl is a contributing editor to Foreign Policy. His column, "Reality Check," appears weekly on ForeignPolicy.com.

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 (29)

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JAY GETTY

9:39 PM ET

October 2, 2009

Has the “West” surrendered to Iran already? Our actions say YES

From a strictly intelligence analyst view: judging the actions of countries and the meaning of those actions; Iran et al have already won the war against the “West” and the “West” has SIGNED a surrender agreement.

The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are part of the terms of the surrender: a certain amount of Americans, particularly those of army age, are to be executed every week.

Iran manufactures IEDs and arranges their battle field use and the USA turns the other cheek. Iran/Hizbully blow up our army post in Lebanon and we turn the other cheek, Iran’s only man made export is TERROR and The West turns the other cheek and says we need dialogue? Iran/Hamass shoots missiles from behind children on playgrounds and shoots missiles from Mosques and the victims are war criminals; WAR IS ALREADY OVER. And by the way, maybe you do not care since it is Jews/Israel; once you accept the battle tactic, it is coming at you! That thinking is what brought you 9/11.

You are supposed to have more understanding for Islime: killing women who dare leave their house not accompanied by a male family member: what else do you really need to know about Islime?

You better take control of your Congress. Vote every one of them out. Only put in army volunteers from the last 8 years, heroes like the guy who landed the plane in the Hudson and the cop who arrested the Harvard professor a few weeks ago; elect the guy who saved a child from a burning building. If they have any connection to the following industries, bar them from office: OIL, WEAPONS, BANKS, INSURANCE, and DRUGS, and especially: attornies. Make it illegal to pass any normal law that is not posted on the internet for 3 days. Make it illegal for a congressman to vote on any bill he/she has not read and understood.

The only way to win this war is to blockade all oil exports from the mid-east and embargo all food and steel and ships and airplanes from entering any mid-east, formally, oil exporting country: war ends we win; any other strategy WE LOSE.

Since there are only invalid objections/canards to ethanol, we can run our cars on cellulose ethanol. I built a distillery and converted my car to ethanol in 1984 to try and keep us out of this war. et al

 

SIR_MIXXALOT

10:14 PM ET

October 2, 2009

why is iran interested in these missiles

because Israel has nuclear weapons in the mideast.

and USA has attacked countries on either side of Iran.

If I were Iran, I would get missiles and nukes asap!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

JAY GETTY

10:38 PM ET

October 2, 2009

US, Russia et al have nukes; butt Iran obsessed w/Israel

SIR_MIXEDUPALOT: Only one writing for a terrorist government could have your view. Israel, Russia, United States, England, France, and China do not threaten other countries with annihilation and do not have as their only man made export IEDs/terror. Butt thanks for your MIXED-UP-A LOT/terrorist propaganda/rubbish two cents worth! Yes terrorists pretend to have a moral equivalence with "western": free market, free speech to criticize Islime, live and let live people; Butt Iran’s leaders in fact have the moral equivalence of a rattle snake; and that is why you do not let them get WMD.

 

YEHUDABENNAZER00

3:11 AM ET

October 3, 2009

Attacking other Countries

These two new countries who do not exist even the 16th century Israel and the US continously and in perpetuity attacking other countries.

While Irans has thousand years of existence and never attack other countries.

It is the US and Israel that is attacking other countries, do you see any Iran's army outside its border?

From now on Israel should work toward peace and stop fooling the world by creating this hype of Iran.

 

JAY GETTY

9:10 AM ET

October 3, 2009

YABUDLABINALQUADAZEROO: Iran has been attacking...for 30 years

Hi Abdul El Achmat: Al Qaeda man!

 

SIR_MIXXALOT

11:55 AM ET

October 3, 2009

Facts dumbass, Facts. Facts

Facts dumbass, Facts.

Facts hurt.

Israel has committed war crimes in Gaza. Attacked 3 neighbors in three years: Gaza, Lebanon, Syria....and Iraq before.

US has attacked AF. and Iraq.

Again: IF I WAS IRAN................I WOULD GET NUKES A>S>A>P to ward off Israel and USA.

Iran has harsh words -- Israel and Bush have killed millions of civilians and commited war crimes.

Facts do hurt.

Too bad Israel has become a fascist state.

 

HECTOR

11:06 AM ET

October 6, 2009

Whatever else may be the

Whatever else may be the case, it is clearly not the case that only one writing for or in sympathy with a "terrorist government" or "terrorist" anything else could express the views of SIR_MIXXALOT.

 

A BALANCED VIEW

10:24 PM ET

October 2, 2009

We should follow Brzezinski's advice and shoot down Israeli jets

A Preemptive Israeli attack on Iran will spark an oil price based depression in the US that will have catastrophic results. This attack would also be UTTERLY unnecessary in that sane people understand that Iran does not threaten Israel in any credible way. Even Israel's Ehud Barak agrees that Iran does not constitute an existential threat to Israel.

We should make it ABUNDANTLYclear that we will shoot down any and all Israeli Jets that would threaten US interests in this way, and that we would take out their capacity to launch further attacks if the behavior persisted.

Israel cannot expect to dictate to other nations (especially the US) even as they continue to violate the Geneva Convention with the settlements and their actions in Gaza and in Lebanon. We need to assure Iran that we will protect them from Israel, and we must make it clear to Israel that we DEMAND the end of the settlements or we will cut off all aid, both Foreign and Military.

Why should we suffer further (we have already suffered 9/11, which was inspired in part by our association with decades of the worlds only violently enforced colonial settler movemnet) as the result of Israels self indulgent paranoia and brutal aggressions.

 

JAY GETTY

10:45 PM ET

October 2, 2009

UNBALANCESTEW: the Al Qaeda man! Hi Al Qaeda man!

Thanks for posting al Qaeda's propaganda/rubbish! UNBALANCEDSTEW aka SIR_MIXEDUPALOT!
Al Qaeda man post under different names; wow that’s tricky!

 

SHIVERS

2:57 AM ET

October 3, 2009

Jay Getty's an idiot

Jay, don't want to be rude, but you're an idiot.

 

JAY GETTY

9:05 AM ET

October 3, 2009

SHIVERS, the liar who wants to be rude. Hi Shivers al Qaeda man!

SHIVERS is UNBALANCED STEW who is Al Qaeda man: Abdul el Achmat!

 

FREEDA2

11:41 PM ET

October 5, 2009

G A Y SHETTY, the jew who wants to be a clown: hi g@y zionist

Hi guys, couldnt resist:

G A Y SHETTY is zionist settler who does not have school in kibbutz: goldman steichman soloman ari isaiah. Hi Israeli who pretends to be american!

 

GDRIVER

5:25 AM ET

October 3, 2009

Warmongering plans scuppered by US president Obama

America has taken a pragmatic approach toward Iran and talks have taken place, face-to-face, for the first time in 30 years – to the utter dismay of Israel who was waiting to strike at Iran in an attack that would have sparked the first, global, nuclear war.

There are red faces in the Knessset today as they have to face the reality that their much-threatened warmongering plans have been scuppered by an American president who thumbs his nose at the continued attempts of Israel and AIPAC to direct US foreign policy, the consequences of which would seriously endanger world peace.

 

JAY GETTY

9:08 AM ET

October 3, 2009

GDLESSRIVER of murder! Hi Abdul EL Achmat: Al Qaeda posterboy!

Hi Al Qaeda man who pretends to be western!

 

JAY GETTY

9:01 AM ET

October 3, 2009

YABUDLABINALQUADAZEROO: Iran has been attacking...for 30 years

YABUDLABINALQUADAZEROO: Iran has been attacking the USA, Israel, Lebanon, Gaza, and Iraq for thirty years. You are a moron, a phony, and a liar: Al Qaeda man parading as something else: UNBALANCEDBADSTEW.

It is interesting that Al Qaeda recognizes the truth of my post. It is also interesting that Al Qaeda seems to have a need to impersonate westerners when they post, even pretending to have Western liberal names. Hi Al Qaeda!

 

SIR_MIXXALOT

11:58 AM ET

October 3, 2009

16 US spy agencies say the

16 US spy agencies say the Iran does not have an ongoing nuclear weapons program.

How I wish they did, so that we may have peaceful deterrence in the mideast at last instead of US-Israel throwing their weight around, and making US citizens the targets of terrorism.

BTW, Jay Getty is not a human -- it is a Mossad program that can fake the "CAPTCHA".

 

SAMY

12:50 PM ET

October 3, 2009

Stop parroting!

What's your problem, you expect us to take for granted all your allegations lest you call us al Qaeda men?

 

SAMY

7:12 PM ET

October 3, 2009

And what if ...

...every State possessed its own nukes, would this have any affect on the balance of power on the international stage? And if the answer is positive, the superpowers, therefore, must provide their allies various types and sizes of nuclear warheads and bombs that will be needed to deter any potential attack.
Isn't it true, meeeeeen ?

 

URFUNSUNE

10:41 AM ET

October 5, 2009

war

I think it important to remember we want all this shit to happen. How else could we all get our points across, meanwhile your mothers other son is busy fighting for all your ideals. Fact, the gun he is holding was sold and given to him by the lowest bidder, the bullets by the lowest bidder, and the person he is to kill, the lowest bidder. I suggest you get your sites and ideals a little higher.You seem not to know the facts.

 

GENERALRIPPER

2:34 PM ET

October 3, 2009

WOW

wow, I didn't think it was possible for someone to be more delusional then MIXALOT but this Jay getty character takes the cake. Reading this spat between you two clowns is hilarious.....Heaven forbid you guys actually have a rational conversation about an extremely serious subject. Obviously that would be too difficult for you.
Hopefully the folks in charge in Iran, Israel, and the US possess a little more intelligence than you knuckleheads and can come to an agreement. Or perhaps I am giving them too much credit.......

 

A BALANCED VIEW

3:12 PM ET

October 3, 2009

This is supposed stand in for the now defunct nuke threat? HA!

You know, It occurs to me that this article came out in conjunction with Iran's announcement that they may allow other nations to enrich their uranium, which, if true, would render any theory about a nuclear threat (which in and of itself is no threat to Israel, as Ehud Barak recently pointed out) null.

Are we honestly supposed to believe that just the IDEA of Iran building a defensive missile network after NUMEROUS and EXPLICIT Israeli threats of preemptive attack should in and of itself be a legitimate reason to attack Iran? Wouldn't any rational nation build such a network after someone has essentially said that they would attack them because they THINK they might eventually be able to build nuclear weapons, even when there is no evidence to support the claim?

That logic is so tortured and lame that I can barely can believe that it is being offered as a legitimate story. It simply makes the Israel right seem even more dangerously unbalanced than they already appear to be.

No one in their right mind likes, or wants Ahmadinejad to be in power in Iran, but such a move would ensure that he and the Mullahs remain in power for many decades to come.

Conversely, lets force Israel to finally come to the realization that they can no longer be associated with the US while simultaneously running the worlds only violently enforced colonial settler movement.

Such behavior is morally indefensible, and inspires needless terror against both Israel and the US, and helps give moral credibility to people, such as Ahmadinejad, who rally against it. WE should show the leadership and strength to end it completely so that HE can no longer use it as a way to hurt the Image of the US or Israel.

 

APPFELSOHN

11:39 PM ET

October 3, 2009

If reality is such as author describes, then what is delusion?

First, ISAF cannot carry out sufficient bombing of Iranian sites because they simply have no BOMBERS! They have F-15E striking fighters those cannot even reach Iranian soil without refueling.
Second, they don't know exactly what and where to bomb.
Third, Iran does not need ANTI-MISSILE S-300 to shot down AIRCRAFTS!
Old S-75, S-200 are absolutely enough. The claim of ISAF bombing some "nuclear" site in Syria is total HUTSPA. Why should nuclear site be located on the boarder with Turkey (a NATO state)? Why Syria has not appeled to UN on the occasion of aggression? Indeed ISAF bombed some wasted buildings in the area that was not protected by Syrian anti-aircraft suystems, and Syrians just could not estimate the harm of their demolition.
Therefore, all such talks of supposed "Israeli" aggresion against Iran are covering US FALSE-FLAG OPERATION!
If there is a country that has both motive and ability to do this, then it is US! And anxiety about anti-missle S-300s might be understandable if missiles are supposed in the strike.
What will be then?
Iran will retaliate in Iraq, in Lebanon, in Syria, but first of all it will mine the STRAIT OF HORMUZ! This will cut very sufficient part of the world's oil support, oil price will soar above the clouds, US $ may regain value.

And, btw, since 2008 Viktor Ivanov heads Russian andi-drug service.

 

SIR_MIXXALOT

3:07 PM ET

October 5, 2009

Delusional

Surface to Air missiles can only be used for self-defense.

I hope Iran gets a bunch of these missiles. More the merrier.

 

SUPERSI

8:14 AM ET

October 8, 2009

SAM's

I wonder if Russia will give them a 'first to use in combat' discount?

 

SUPERSI

10:04 PM ET

October 6, 2009

Iran purchaseing air defense missiles - so what?

It's obvious from the heightened activities of various talking-heads and articles like this one that the US Govt is attempting to condition the public to finding military action against Iran acceptable.

Lay-off Iran! It should come as no suprise that Iran seeks nuclear weapons to defend itself with. Given Iran's experiences in the last fifty odd years no wonder they want nukes. For those of you who don't know and those that do, but choose to conveniently decontextualize (I'm thinking journalist with an agenda) here's a few facts.

1. In 1953 a US/British sponsored coup took place. The DEMOCRATICALLY elected government was deposed of.

2. In it's place, Iran's monarchy of dubious heritage was restored.

3. The Shah of Iran's rule was a police terror state with thousands of people murdered and tortured. The US like Iran because they opposed communism, brought lots of US weapons and they helped maintain the flow of cheap oil.

4. Eventually in 1979 Iranians got sick of the Shah, had a revolution and although the new rulers turned out to be arseholes, they were still popularly installed.

5. In 1980, encouraged by the US govt, Iraq under the dictator Saddam Hussein mad an unprovoked invasion of Iran. The US went as far as supplying satellite images of Iranian military positions to Iraq.

Despite the fact we should be worried by what Iran may do BASED ON THE WEST'S ACTIONS, We shouldn't be worried. Iran's leaders are not foaming at the mouth middle-eastern types. They are just as intelligent and pragmatic as western governments. Forget the bluster and macho chest-beating coming from Iran, it's primarily directed not at you me and Israel but ordinary Iranians who respond just as well to nationalistic rhetoric as backwoods redneck from Tennessee.

I can't think of one country that has been invaded by another when it possess nuclear weapons and I imagine the Iranians have worked this out too. Quite simply they do not want a repeat of the last fifty years and will do anything not to be invaded. That means possessing a deterrent strong enough to make America twice about mounting yet another invasion of a country because they have something we want more and more of. Oil.

 

FASHION

10:18 PM ET

October 6, 2009

really nice post, just wish

really nice post, just wish you to check out ugg de, like ugg boots de.

 

EGGSOFAMERICA

10:44 PM ET

October 6, 2009

Tel Aviv

Really excellent article. I'd just note--you refer to Riyadh and Tel Aviv. Jerusalem is the capital of Israel, not Tel Aviv.

 

SECRETSQUIRREL

6:01 PM ET

October 7, 2009

Israel's "capital"

Sorry, Eggs, but Jerusalem is not the capital of Israel. It never was. Israel CLAIMS Jerusalem as its capital and its vassals in Washington meekly go along, but the LEGAL capital is Tel AViv. (East Jerusalem is legally Palestinian land, and is recognized in international law as such. Despite the fact that the 1947 was illegal on its face, Jerusalem was never meant to be part of "Israel." It was supposed to be a separate political entity.

As for Israel's REAL capital—it's Hollywood.

Also to get an idea of what an intellectual defective Jay Getty is, read the definition of a "hasbarat" in this essay by Canadian author Greg Felton: "Israel’s propagandists shoot themselves in the foot as they shoot off their mouths"
http://www.gregfelton.com/media/2009_09_30.htm

 

COLINDALE

12:04 PM ET

October 30, 2009

The clock that will explode in all out faces, ticks on ..

This is where the spark will come that will start the first nuclear war.

A terrifying litany of the violation and abuse of human rights by the Israeli army in Gaza in December and January last.

Extracted from the official United Nations Report of the Fact Finding Mission. April/May 2009
1. Deliberate attacks by the Israeli army on civilians

2. 1400 Gazans killed in three weeks

3. The illegal use of white phosphorus

4. Israeli violations of the right to free movement

5. Dehumanization

6. Torture and punishment

7. Violations of international human rights and humanitarian law

8. The arbitrary deprivation of life

1887. The timing of the first Israeli attack, at 11.30 a.m. on a weekday, when children were returning from school and the streets of Gaza were crowded with people going about their daily business, appears to have been calculated to create the greatest disruption and widespread panic among the civilian population. The treatment of many civilians detained or even killed while trying to surrender is one manifestation of the way in which the effective rules of engagement, standard operating procedures and instructions to the troops on the ground appear to have been framed in order to create an environment in which due regard for civilian lives and basic human dignity was replaced with disregard for basic international humanitarian law and human rights norms.

1889. The repeated failure to distinguish between combatants and civilians appears to the
Mission to have been the result of deliberate guidance issued to soldiers, as described by some of them, and not the result of occasional lapses

1891. It is clear from evidence gathered by the Mission that the destruction of food supply installations, water sanitation systems, concrete factories and residential houses was the result of a deliberate and systematic policy by the Israeli armed forces. It was not carried out because those objects presented a military threat or opportunity, but to make the daily process of living, and dignified living, more difficult for the civilian population.

1892. Allied to the systematic destruction of the economic capacity of the Gaza Strip, there appears also to have been an assault on the dignity of the people. This was seen not only in the use of human shields and unlawful detentions sometimes in unacceptable conditions, but also in the vandalizing of houses when occupied and the way in which people were treated when their houses were entered. The graffiti on the walls, the obscenities and often racist slogans, all constituted an overall image of humiliation and dehumanization of the Palestinian population.

1893. The operations were carefully planned in all their phases. Legal opinions and advice were given throughout the planning stages and at certain operational levels during the campaign. There were almost no mistakes made according to the Government of Israel. It is in these circumstances that the Mission concludes that what occurred in just over three weeks at the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009 was a deliberately disproportionate attack designed to punish, humiliate and terrorize a civilian population, radically diminish its local economic capacity both to work and to provide for itself, and to force upon it an ever increasing sense of dependency and vulnerability.

1894. The Mission has noted with concern public statements by Israeli officials, including senior military officials, to the effect that the use of disproportionate force, attacks on civilian population and the destruction of civilian property are legitimate means to achieve Israel’s military and political objectives. The Missionbelieves that such statements not only undermine the entire regime of international law, they are inconsistent with the spirit of the Charter of the United Nations and, therefore, deserve to be categorically denounced.

1895. Whatever violations of international humanitarian and human rights law may have been committed, the systematic and deliberate nature of the activities described in this report leave the Mission in no doubt that responsibility lies in the first place with those who designed, planned, ordered and oversaw the operations.

1919. The Mission finds that in a number of cases Israel failed to take feasible precautions required by customary law reflected in article 57 (2) (a) (ii) of Additional Protocol I to avoid or minimize incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects. The firing of white phosphorus shells over the UNRWA compound in Gaza City is one of such cases in which precautions were not taken in the choice of weapons and methods in the attack, and these facts were compounded by reckless disregard for the consequences. The intentional strike at al-Quds hospital using high-explosive artillery shells and white phosphorous in and around the hospital also violated articles 18 and 19 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. With regard to the attack against al-Wafa hospital, the Mission found a violation of the same provisions, as well as a violation of the customary law prohibition against attacks which may be expected to cause excessive damage to civilians and civilian objects.

1921. The Mission found numerous instances of deliberate attacks on civilians and civilian objects (individuals, whole families, houses, mosques) in violation of the fundamental international humanitarian law principle of distinction, resulting in deaths and serious injuries. In these cases the Mission found that the protected status of civilians was not respected and the attacks were intentional, in clear violation of customary law reflected in article 51 (2) and 75 of Additional Protocol I, article 27 of the Fourth Geneva Convention and articles 6 and 7 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In some cases the Mission additionally concluded that the attack was also launched with the intention of spreading terror among the civilian population. Moreover, in several of the incidents investigated, the Israeli armed forces not only did not use their best efforts to permit humanitarian organizations access to the wounded and medical relief, as required by customary international law reflected in article 10 (2) of Additional Protocol I, but they
arbitrarily withheld such access.

Treatment of Palestinians in the hands of the Israeli armed forces
(i) Use of human shields

1925. The Mission investigated several incidents in which the Israeli armed forces used local Palestinian residents to enter houses which might be booby-trapped or harbour enemy combatants (this practice, known in the West Bank as “neighbour procedure”, was called “Johnnie procedure” during the military operations in Gaza). The Mission found that the practice constitutes the use of human shields prohibited by international humanitarian law. It further constitutes a violation of the right to life, protected in article 6 of ICCPR, and of the prohibition against cruel and inhuman treatment in its article 7.

1926. The questioning of Palestinian civilians under threat of death or injury to extract information about Hamas and Palestinian combatants and tunnels constitutes a violation of article 31 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits physical or moral coercion against protected persons.

1930. In addition to being violations of international humanitarian law, these extensive wanton acts of destruction amount to violations of Israel’s duties to respect the right to an adequate standard of living of the people in the Gaza Strip, which includes the rights to food, water and housing, as well as the right to the highest attainable standard of health, protected under articles 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

1932. The Mission finds that, despite the information circulated by Israel about the humanitarian relief schemes in place during the military operations, Israel has essentially violated its obligation to allow free passage of all consignments of medical and hospital objects, food and clothing that were needed to meet the urgent humanitarian needs of the civilian population in the context of the military operations, which is in violation of article 23 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.

1933. In addition to the above general findings, the Mission also considers that Israel has violated its specific obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, including the rights to peace and security, free movement, livelihood and health.

1934. The Mission concludes that the conditions resulting from deliberate actions of the Israeli armed forces and the declared policies of the Government with regard to the Gaza Strip before, during and after the military operation cumulatively indicate the intention to inflict collective punishment on the people of the Gaza Strip. The Mission, therefore, finds a violation of the provisions of article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.
(g) Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and acts raising individual criminal responsibility under international criminal law

1935. From the facts gathered, the Mission found that the following grave breaches of the Fourth Geneva Convention were committed by the Israeli armed forces in Gaza: willful killing, torture or inhuman treatment, wilfully causing great suffering or serious injury to body or health, and extensive destruction of property, not justified by military necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly. As grave breaches these acts give rise to individual criminal responsibility. The Mission notes that the use of human shields also constitutes a war crime under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

1936. The Mission further considers that the series of acts that deprive Palestinians in the Gaza Strip of their means of subsistence, employment, housing and water, that deny their freedom of movement and their right to leave and enter their own country, that limit their rights to access a court of law and an effective remedy, could lead a competent court to find that the crime of persecution, a crime against humanity, has been committed.

2. Actions by Israel in the West Bank in the context of the military operations in Gaza from 27 December 2008 to 18 January 2009
(a) Treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank by Israeli security forces, including use of excessive or lethal force during demonstrations

1936. The Mission further considers that the series of acts that deprive Palestinians in the Gaza Strip of their means of subsistence, employment, housing and water, that deny their freedom of movement and their right to leave and enter their own country, that limit their rights to access a court of law and an effective remedy, could lead a competent court to find that the crime of persecution, a crime against humanity, has been committed.
2. Actions by Israel in the West Bank in the context of the military operations in Gaza from 27 December 2008 to 18 January 2009
(a) Treatment of Palestinians in the West Bank by Israeli security forces, including use of excessive or lethal force during demonstrations.

1937. With regard to acts of violence by settlers against Palestinians, the Mission concludes that Israel has failed to fulfil its international obligations to protect the Palestinians from violence by private individuals under both international human rights law and international humanitarian law. In some instances security forces acquiesced to the acts of violence in violation of the prohibition against cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.
When this acquiescence occurs only in respect of violence against Palestinians by settlers and not vice versa, it would amount to discrimination on the basis of national origin, prohibited under ICCPR.

1938. Israel also violated a series of human rights by unlawfully repressing peaceful public demonstrations and using excessive force against demonstrators. The use of firearms, including live ammunitions, and the use of snipers resulting in the death of demonstrators are a violation of article 6 of ICCPR as an arbitrary deprivation of life and, in the circumstances examined by the Mission, appear to indicate an intention or at least a recklessness towards causing harm to civilians which may amount to wilful killing.

1939. Excessive use of force that resulted in injury rather than death constitutes violations of a number of standards, including articles 7 and 9 of ICCPR. These violations are compounded by the seemingly discriminatory “open fire regulations” for security forces dealing with demonstrations, based on the presence of persons with a particular nationality, violating the principle of non-discrimination in ICCPR (art. 2) as well as under article 27 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.

1940. The Mission finds that Israel failed to investigate, and when appropriate prosecute, acts by its agents or by third parties involving serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law.

1941. The Mission was alarmed at the reported increase in settler violence in the past year and the failure of the Israeli security forces to prevent settlers’ attacks against Palestinian civilians and their property. These are accompanied by a series of violations by Israeli forces or acquiesced by them, including the removal of residential status from Palestinians, which could eventually lead to a situation of virtual deportation and entail additional violations of other rights.
(b) Detention of Palestinians by Israel

1942. The Mission analysed information it received on the detention of Palestinians in Israeli prisons during or in the context of the military operations of December 2008– January 2009 and found those practices generally inconsistent with human rights and international humanitarian law. The military court system to which Palestinians from the Occupied Palestinian Territory are subjected deprives them of due process guarantees in keeping with international law.

1943. The Mission finds that the detention of members of the Palestinian Legislative Council by Israel violates the right not to be arbitrarily detained, as protected by article 9 of ICCPR. Insofar as it is based on political affiliation and prevents those members from participating in the conduct of public affairs, it is also in violation of its articles 25 recognizing the right to take part in public affairs and 26, which provides for the right to equal protection under the law. Insofar as their detention is unrelated to their individual behaviour, it constitutes collective punishment, prohibited by article 33 of the Fourth Geneva Convention. Information on the detention of large numbers of children and their treatment by Israeli security forces point to violations of their rights under ICCPR and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

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