Betrayed

They said we were there to save Afghanistan’s women. So how come we haven’t?

BY VALERIE M. HUDSON, PATRICIA LEIDL | MAY 10, 2010

One day in November 2009, in Helmand province's capital of Lashkar Gah, a group of Afghan widows and divorcees met with Patricia, who had been commissioned to write a series of success stories for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). All the women were in their 20s, 30s, and 40s but looked to be in their 60s. Until very recently, none of them could work because they possessed no marketable skills, could neither read nor write, and were at risk of being killed if they left their homes. A number of women said that, before the program -- which focused on tailoring and basic literacy -- their children used to weep at night from hunger.

As Patricia prepared to leave, the women fluttered around her like moths, touching her sleeves and speaking all at once. "What are they saying?" Pat asked the young Pashto-speaking interpreter. "They are telling you to go back to your country and to ask your people not to abandon them. The women of Afghanistan don't want you to leave. They will quite literally die if the Taliban return," she said.

In a recent question-and-answer period at one of our universities, Brigham Young, a student asked Gen. David Petraeus whether anyone thought to ask the women of Afghanistan how they felt about U.S. hopes to incorporate "reformed" Taliban into governance structures as the Americans leave.

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Carefully avoiding the word "women," the general assured the questioning student that only "moderate" Taliban would be eligible for such rehabilitation. Left unaddressed was the definition of "moderate," which clearly depends on where you sit: If you sit in a burqa, there is no such thing as a "moderate" Taliban.

Petraeus might find it easy now to sidestep the question of what will happen to Afghanistan's women once the "moderate" Taliban come back, but it's likely to haunt him for a long time. Without the security of women there is no security -- and until we've done more to protect it, we have a moral and practical obligation to stay in Afghanistan.

In 2001, George W. Bush's administration interpreted the first post-invasion photos of Afghan girls heading to school and of Afghan women unveiling their faces as tangible evidence that conditions were improving in that benighted land. A few months after the invasion, in his 2002 State of the Union address, Bush announced, "The last time we met in this chamber, the mothers and daughters of Afghanistan were captives in their own homes, forbidden from working or going to school. Today women are free and are part of Afghanistan's new government."  

The Americans strong-armed a handful of women into the loya jirga that then drafted the Afghan Constitution. They strong-armed a quota for women in the Afghan national legislature -- something that even American women are not treated to. U.S. troops built schools for girls and pushed for women to be included in the local shuras, and USAID ripped a page from Greg Mortenson's Three Cups of Tea and facilitated new training and educational opportunities for women.

But the current administration, despite its female secretary of State and its new Office of Global Women's Issues, appears to be ditching the women of Afghanistan like a blind date gone bad. You have to go back 10 months to find any sustained rhetoric from President Barack Obama about the importance of assuring the security of women in Afghanistan. Since then, and especially since last year's Afghan election, those fine words from a sitting president have all but disappeared. Many of the fine actions are gone, too. Push local shuras into including women in 2002? Yes. Push local shuras into including women in 2010? Forget it.

Majid Saeedi/Getty Images

 

Valerie M. Hudson is professor of political science at Brigham Young University and coauthor of Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia's Surplus Male Population and the forthcoming Sex and World Peace: What No One Told You and Why It Matters. Patricia Leidl is an international communications consultant.

JULIEF2

4:10 PM ET

May 10, 2010

This article is absolutley true!

I firmly believe that if the US want to have success in Afghanistan (even a fair measure of success) they must put the security of women at the top of their priorities. When the Afghan woman's security and rights are secured, all of Afghanistan will have greater peace and stability. I just hope the generals in Afghanistan and President Obama open their eyes soon...

 

HCONNELL

7:45 PM ET

May 10, 2010

Title

I haven't yet read this article, though I will. The only reason I registered and bothered to click on this page was because of the title:

"They said we were there to save Afghanistan’s women. So how come we haven’t?"

My problem is that you are a professional. Why would you ever say "how come"? How difficult would it have been to say:

"They said we were there to save Afghanistan’s women. So why haven't we?"

*(stepping off soapbox)

 

PASSPORT ADMINISTRATOR

9:25 AM ET

May 11, 2010

Poetic License

Sometimes we take poetic license when we deem it appropriate. We aren't rigidly formal the way, say, many academic journals are.

 

SREEKANTH

11:48 AM ET

May 11, 2010

I take it you have no young

I take it you have no young children. Among other abominations, the distinction between you're and your is on its way to be erased. I'd give it a decade or so.

 

KELLYH

8:06 PM ET

May 10, 2010

"...no point in pushing gender equality..."

There may be something to this point of view. "Equality" as we in the West define it, hasn't even been our own reality for a century yet. But how about, for starters, we try to just get Afghan women the same rights that Western women had in, say, the 19th century? Or even the18th? That would still be a quantum leap forward.

One of the points this article makes is too often minimized: The degree to which a country marginalizes its women also happens to be the degree to which that country presents a threat internationally. The reasons for the correlation might not be exactly clear, but it is obvious that women's problems are the world's problems. To ignore the former is to ignore the latter.

 

TANTAWI1992

10:34 PM ET

May 10, 2010

nonsense

its the same old feminist jargon.

protect women!
protect women!
protect women!

its quite hysterical actually, except its being dished out with a colonialist twist to it this time.

We have no right whatsoever to force Afghan society to kowtow to NATO dictat, whether it be old social or political prescriptions that Iraq and Afghanistan have come to be used to...

Leave them be you spandex-clad, boob-ogling, beer-slurping Americans!

Afghanistan knows better than to listen to another episode of foreign intervention, they've dealt with their likes for hundred of years of failed imperialisms, and this neo-femino-liberalo-militaristic version should fare no better.

Ghandi once said:
"no one has the right to tell me how to run my home, even if it was the filthiest in the neighborhood"

thats exactly why no one should take this hysterically "feminist" article seriously

A Canadian

 

ASHOK2718

3:05 AM ET

May 11, 2010

wow ! tantawi excellent

you have just given an excellent example of how things can be taken out of context. dont drag Gandhi into your stupid posts when you don't know anything about what he said with it or whom he said it to.

A Canadian HA HA

Why didn't you wrote also a muslim . too afraid eh ? that people will know. Dude people know even before your likes open their mouth to speak.

And what are you talking about it being feminist. There is a common minimum standard which civilised people adhere to.

 

TANTAWI1992

7:02 PM ET

May 11, 2010

silly, hysterical and uninteresting

another hysterical idiot here...

 

SINBOY41

4:35 AM ET

May 11, 2010

Title

In 2001, George W. Bush's administration interpreted the first post-invasion photos of Afghan girls heading to school and of Afghan women unveiling their faces as tangible evidence that conditions were improving in that benighted land. Weight Loss |Tips Diet |Health For Life|Stop Smoking|No Junk Food|Tips For Health

 

BOON

9:31 AM ET

May 11, 2010

Ok...how?

This article has a lot of lofty ideas about improving women's security and rights, but it seems to ignore the fact the fact that there is still a war going on. Yes, women could go to school in 2001, and the US "strong armed" women into government positions (is that really democracy?). However, the Taliban were defeated and driven across the border then. All these cosmetic changes happened, as the authors explained, in between 2001-02. There was an illusion of security as the Taliban and Al Qaeda withdrew to lick their wounds and reorganize.
Now, were fighting to regain security in locations that we thought were cleared eight years ago, and as the authors explained, we can't even provide enough security to protect girls going to school. How can we expect to improve the status of women in government with the current state of affairs? I see a lot of (justified) complaining, but few viable solutions.
Don't get me wrong, I would like nothing better than the US military to be able to establish the security necessary to provide for improving women's rights. However, this article reeks of the ethno-centrism and far fetched idealism that let us believe we could affect societal change (not just regime change) in Iraq. To think that we can use force to change the values of the Afghan people is dangerous. Yes it's the men who need to change their values, but it's also the men who are the ones shooting at us. If you want to know what happens when a foreign power tries to change the lot of Afghan women, ask the Soviets what happened when the encouraged marriage law reform and compulsory education for girls in 1978.

 

SREEKANTH

12:00 PM ET

May 11, 2010

The article is confused. The

The article is confused. The US went into Afghanistan specifically to eliminate the threat to our own security from AQ. The Taliban was a despicable regime, but there are worse ones. Any benefit to Afghan people themselves, including women, is a secondary issue.

We're not even that much hung up about democracy : Karzai rigged the elections and he's being wined and dined as we speak. Our minimal goals are to have a sufficiently strong government so that foreign terrorists can't find a base there, and threaten us or our allies. The US public will rightly not tolerate using our blood and treasure to "improve women's rights".

 

JAYDEE001

5:33 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Amen

And if we don't understand the limits of our power, we will eventually suffer the same humiliation that the Soviets did. Let's leave the social engineering to those who are so committed, and see if they really want change when there are no troops and guns to back them up.

I am sympathetic to the plight of women in Afghanistan, as well as in many other places in the world. But Obama did not "double down" in Afghanistan for the benefit of the women there. Like his predecessor, he failed to recognize the limits of what can be achieved. To Bush, Afghanistan was just a preliminary to the real war he wanted - Iraq. Obama started out to prove that Afghanistan and Pakistan were the real problem. Before he is done, he may want to just avoid an utter embarrassment.

 

LAL QILA

10:39 AM ET

May 11, 2010

By destorying countries for 30 years we don't protect anything

By destorying countries, like Afghanistan, for 30 years we don't protect anything, not even the rights of women, children or the needy.

We have become animals.

Same is true in what we have done in Iraq, Chechneya, Bosnia, Kosovo, Palestine and Kashmir.

We are animals in toto.

 

NORBOOSE

1:21 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Who is we?

Im baffled. Do you mean humanity in general. If so, go write beatnik poetry elsewhere. If not, who are you talking about? Oh, these are places where Muslims died. The other ones dont count. I dont know if youre criticizng the US (You usually are), because the US helped to create Bosnia and Kosovo, doesnt have anything to do with Chechneya, and is only very loosely involved with Kashmir.

 

JAMIE BAILEY

11:56 AM ET

May 11, 2010

all good but what about USAID

I have just read your article, you start by mentioning that you were commissioned by USAID which made me skeptical in the full knowledge that USAID have a great track record of only allowing favorable reports towards them especially when coming to there success records. Having dealt first hand with them, I have seen the the pretty charts on the FCO wall at the PRT in Lashkar Gar with the USAID staff looking all smug with themselves and in the real world outside there comfort zones a far from the truth this is.

The program you speak of for the women on tailoring and basic literacy, please don’t tell me those clowns at either Chemonics or DIA are running the show still, I witnessed the results of the financial plunging from the previous team of ex pat messed up people they have sent into the combat zone. The mismanaged funds and the hiring and firing of teams of alcoholic bloated security head personal waving their loaded weapons around town as they race the clients in the armored cars back and forth to the runway or meetings at the PRT.

Now back to your article can you please explain to me where the previous administration of USA ever pushed woman into local issue when I was present at Provincial district council meeting in Lashkar gar at the governors compound woman were looked on as you would not look upon as a rabid animal, please come on now lets get real. as for your quoting from Greg mortisans book, USAID would not know how to work like that if you sent them 1000 copies for free and told them to follow these instruction

Far to busy hiding in the palace with the army of ex pats protecting them with their imported meats and goods Yes gender when it comes to USAID that’s what you should of mentioned as for the rest of your artical your right and is it not about time more on this was written well done on mentioning the crimes of Karzai that we are all well informed on

 

NAZIA

12:42 PM ET

May 11, 2010

foe in friend's skin

A sorrowful acceptance of bloody reality of Afghan life and lesson learning example of fake friendships for those who consider US and her aides as reason of only way of survival in 21 st century.
This is kind of civilized Nazism or relics of Chengaz khan who have been disguised in modern get up.

 

SSIDDIQUI

8:21 PM ET

May 11, 2010

How?

The way to battle such problems in Afghanistan is not by military force, but through influencing the mindset of the future generation. The Taliban has been able to preserve itself through recruiting out of the younger generation. America has to convince them that fighting for the Taliban is worthless.

The best way to do this is through positive PR and the media. Unfortunately, an obstacle is the lack of media outlets in Afghanistan.

 

GEMMBA

12:28 AM ET

May 12, 2010

The article is confused truly.

Really, heading of the post is confused.

 

TFSMITH52

6:58 AM ET

May 12, 2010

The problem is the Obama administration's abandonment of women

As a person who worked in Iraq on women's issues, I share most of the authors' conclusions about the correlation of the improvement in the treatment of women to success in US security goals. In Iraq an initial determination to support women disappeared when the fighting intensified for many of the same reasons now being cited in Afghanistan.

After my year of civilian service In 2008 and before the presidential election, I contacted a number feminist activists working in Afghanistan to see if they would help put pressure on the US government to do more for women in Iraq.

There was a general reluctance to do anything with Iraq and I was told on more than one occasion that the answer was electing a democrat as president.

Ironically, President Obama has abandoned leadership in women's affairs in conflict zones and in the HIV/AIDS effort in Africa, walking away from the weakest and those most at risk.

The authors here and most media refuse to put the blame where it rightfully belongs. I have heard similar complaints about Obama's abandoning human rights activiists. If we really care about the principles and the individuals who are suffering, we should be willing to criticize our Nobel laureate when what he does is demonstrably the wrong thing.

 

JAYDEE001

11:07 AM ET

May 12, 2010

Sorry to disagree, but

"They said we were there to save Afghanistan’s women. "

To the best of my recollection, we have been in Afghanistan to:
1. Prevent that country from remaining a haven for international terrorism;
2. To punish al Qaeda for 9-11 and other acts of terrorism against western interests; and
3. To capture or kill Osama bin Laden, Mullah Omar and other taliban leaders who had provided aid and comfort to terrorists.

So far, despite billions of dollars and many lives lost, we have failed to achieve even modest success in any of these goals. Frankly, unless you are a very great optimist, there is no reason to believe we will do better if we stay ten years - or one hundred years.

That - many years after our initial interference in Afghanistan's affairs - we decided to try and build a new Afghanistan based on western ideas of what a nation should be (and incidentally suggested that we might improve the lives of its female population in the bargain) was probably nothing more than a cynical effort to engender additional support for this military and political enterprise. Remember that this all started under an adminitration that scoffed at the idea of nation-building. When we were supporting the taliban and Pakistan in trying to prevent a Soviet takeover of Afghanistan, we were certainly not troubled at all about how these savages treated their women and children.

Feminists who are disappointed in our lack of commitment to this single issue should consider the possibility that they were deliberately misled - that improving the lot of the poor women of Afghanistan was never a goal we were willing to spend much in the way of lives and treasure to achieve. For that matter, other than some token representation in Iraq, can we point to any substantive gains in that nation on behalf of women after eight years of our enlightened occupation? To argue for a long-term, open-ended committment on the part of the US and its NATO "coalition" soley to guarantee gender equality is really quite silly. If we are going to war for this objective over others, why not start with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt, the UAE or even Yemen or Somalia. Are women there not as oppressed?

It will take many generations for women in the Islamic world to gain gender equality - and it is unlikely that the US or any combination of allied western military forces will achieve for the women of these nations what you would like to see. It is the culture that they live in that is at fault, and that cannot be changed at the point of a gun. Better to set an example, by promoting true equality for all in our own society. Maybe in a hundred years or so, the culture will change. And it will take the will and sacrifice of women in these countries and culture - plus a few enlightened men - to achieve gender equality- just as it does in our society.

 

PATRICIA LEIDL

12:11 PM ET

May 12, 2010

clarification

Dear Jaydee:
Many readers seem to have missed the main point of the article which is that the gender equality is in fact a critical strategic necessity if the Coalition is ever to achieve its objective of stabilizing Afghanistan and ridding it of terrorists. States that are characterized by a high level of gender equality are also more likely to slide into conflict or widespread criminality—the exception being autocracies such as China or North Korea that rely on repression in order to secure stability. Thus, gender equality should actually be a strategic tool in the Coalition arsenal.

As for dismissing gender equality as being a 'single issue', I wonder if you would make that same contention with respect to Apartheid in South Africa? We are talking about one half of the population! Indeed it is that very attitude that will doom generations of Afghan women (and men) to poverty, chronic war and widespread corruption. The most stable states (think Norway, finland, Sweden) are also the most democratic and equal and have the highest human development indicators. To deride gender equality as some kind of human rights outlier is at best short sighted and bad policy.

As for gender equality at the point of a gun, please refer to recent Pew and Oxfam surveys that categorically show that most Afghans trust the Coalition to their own government. They also want us to do a much much better job.

 

JAYDEE001

3:55 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Sounds a lot like "mission creep" to me ...

and I am old enough to know what that term implies. I see no future for the US in this conflict or any other where a fundamental change in the culture is our goal - simply because I do not believe we have either the financial or military capacity to sustain the long-term commitment that would be required. When did it become our duty to right all o0f the world's wrongs - at the point of a gun if necessary?

As for equating this with apartheid in South Africa - ah well - we did not invade and occupy South Africa did we? The South Africans, black and white, are working that out themselves - without any intervention by us or anyone else. I don't think that analogy works.

"States that are characterized by a high level of gender equality are also more likely to slide into conflict or widespread criminality—the exception being autocracies such as China or North Korea that rely on repression in order to secure stability." I am sure you meant that such states slide into conflict or widespread criminality if they have a high level of gender INEQUALITY, right? Do you want us to try to remedy repression in China and North Korea next? We'll need a much bigger army. I already suggested Saudia Arabia and several other countries that have their own gender inequality - but surely we don't plan to invade and occupy those countries so we can instruct them on our notions of democracy and equality.

Does the coalition really need another "strategic tool in its arsenal"? - arsenal a nice word to use when discussing human rights for women or other minorities. It does fit with the concept of an open-ended, armed occupation of another country - or countries. It is very faint praise to say that Afghans trust the NATO occupation forces better than their own government - they don't trust their government much at all - the recent "election" proves that. Also, we helped chose it for them from among a number of less attractive choices, so they will undoubtedly blame us for that in the end. All the surveys (Pew, Oxfam, etc) in the world won't change the facts on the ground in Afghanistan. I believe the coalition will have enough to do to get our collective asses out of that god-forsaken place without suffering the same humiliation that the former USSR did, let alone change the culture of the damned place.

I did not in any way deride gender equality as less important than other human rights. But I do not accept the notion that we can change the world to fit our concept of what is right and just - unless we are willing to pay a much higher price than we have already. As I said, that will take a bigger army! And a lot more money than we have - or can borrow from the Chinese. The real crime is that by expanding the mission beyond the limited goals we had when we first invaded Afghanistan we may have made the chance for eventual improvement in women's status even smaller - the Afghans are going to fight very hard to keep the place just the way they like it.

Oh, and I got the main point of the article - you'd like a full-on commitment to teach the Afghans how to treat their women right - according to our concept of individual freedom and equality. That would be nice but it will not be easy. Also, you want us to make the commitment for as long as it takes, no matter what. What you believers in American exceptionalism count on is the notion that it is our duty and obligation to teach the lesser peoples of the world how to live. Frankly, that is a concept as outmoded as Teddy Roosevelt and gunboat diplomacy. We have enough problems of our own.

 

SREEKANTH

4:23 PM ET

May 12, 2010

>>> What you believers in

>>> What you believers in American exceptionalism

I don't think she's a believer in American exceptionalism. From some stray clues, like, oh, the fetishization of northern European socialist states, the dig at the "chauvinism that permeates Western military culture", "the United States interestingly, has not" signed some meaningless UN piece of feel-good paper, etc. She's a culture warrior transposing our cultural wars to a desperately poor country. If she is allowed to get what she wants, that is, using the US treasury and US military for social engineering in poor countries, the next thing she'll want to do is continue the good work in the US, meaning abortion on demand, and so on.

Of course, this is just speculation mind you :-)

 

MORRIS46

6:40 PM ET

May 13, 2010

At what cost?

Ms. Leidl,

If gender equality is a "critical strategic necessity" for the Coalition, then we will lose. Other comments correctly point out that gender equality is a change that will take decades. I have been on the ground in Afghanistan, and gender inequality is a deeply ingrained cultural custom that will take generations to fix. Anyone who says differently has not been outside the few major cities. We absolutely lose credibility and alienate Afghan men when we try to enforce women's rights. They are dominant in a society fundamentally different than our own and however wrong that is, any plan that doesn't have us there for 20 years or more likely far longer has to acknowledge the existing societal structure, not attempt to alter it when the conditions for such a change do not exist. The key question in my mind is how many lives is an experiment in imposing gender equality on Afghanistan worth? This is not an philosophical theory exercise at your university here in safety, our young people are dying out there, so it's important to be clear about what can and cannot realistically be accomplished given our resources and time. I wonder how many women in the U.S. or any NATO country would agree with your conclusion if they or their close family members had to deploy and face death for the next 20+ years to attempt to improve women's rights in another country, while the future of their own country was mortgaged to pay for it? In a place where the Soviet Union failed to accomplish the same mission? I believe there is a consensus among virtually all people who have seen the ground in Afghanistan outside the major cities, which is: if we attempt to make gender equality a make or break mission before removing Coalition Forces from Afghanistan, we wil not succeed. Our economy cannot support such an extended effort, our people will not support it, and the vast majority of the Afghan populace, both male and female, does not want us to stay indefinitely to try and accomplish this. We all hope that civilian development agencies can use a softer touch in the long term to move the society in the right direction. It isn't ideal but the real world rarely is.

 

ALANGSTON

11:11 PM ET

May 15, 2010

The US interest in the life

The US interest in the life conditions of Afghan women is not much different now than in 2000, which was not much. It could be that they are in more peril now than ten years earlier because such advances as there have been will be linked permanently with a foreign nation that invaded the Afghan homeland, killed lots of Afghans and occupied it for about a decade. Great way to make the advancement of women unpopular, anywhere in the world.

How many more Afghans should be slain to protect Afghan women? How many American lives should be spent in the same cause? Just how moral is it to extend hopes of positive change to those women that, in essence, the US can never permanently guarantee?

Aaron Gold

 

NORBOOSE

1:25 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Modernization

True freedoms cant take place without modernization. Otherwise, they will be unsubstantial and short-lived. Trying to push freedoms without modernization wont work. Its terrible how they treat women in Afghanistan, but we cant do much about it now. Any premature, forced efforts will be counter-productive.

 

PULHAM

3:17 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Can an Intelligent Individual Consider Islam a Religion?

This article captures the essence of the evil perpetuated by Islam. Afghan women are abused and degraded by a culture completely and utterly dominated by the influence Islam on the minds and hearts of its adherents. I think its time to stop considering Islam a legitimate religion and to start viewing it as a criminal enterprise. What say you?

 

LAL QILA

8:05 PM ET

May 12, 2010

As a Christian you are free to criticise Islam

Afterall thats what the Christians have been doing for the past 1400 years. That just shows your Christian bigotry against Muslims.

Muslim women in the middle classes are more than equal in countries like Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Morroco, Algeria, Tunisia, Bosnia.

I know many lady doctors, engineers, scientists, social workers, teachers, college professors, vice chancellors, senior government officials and pilots etc. from many of the countries listed above.

Unfortunately, women from the poor, uneducated classes are still subjugated not unlike America where most young women aspire to only become hair dressers.

So, the issue at hand is not Islam but the lack of education of the vast masses.

An American friend of mine who has lived in Pakistan said that Americans know only about 2% of Pakistan because the American media only focuses on 2%. You obviously do not know about 98% of Pakistan or any Muslim country.

 

ADRIAN888

12:56 AM ET

May 13, 2010

Very true.

As one commented the article is absolutely true!I firmly believe that if the US want to have success in Afghanistan (even a fair measure of success) they must put the security of women at the top of their priorities.Find more world best games headlines.

 

KOTTA

12:58 AM ET

May 13, 2010

Must read

Well written post. Thanks for sharing.

 

VINGBOO

7:59 AM ET

May 13, 2010

OK

Its actually quite sad when you really think about it, is it not?

Lou
www.isp-logging.eu.tc

 

GRANT

7:29 PM ET

May 13, 2010

To put it bluntly, we don't

To put it bluntly, we don't have a choice. Much like our relations other nations and their views on democracy or freedom of the press we can choose between pushing them and accomplishing absolutely nothing, or we can politely ignore it and have a better relationship with that nation's government. You don't have to like it, but I'll advise you not to seek employment in the military or Foreign Service if you can't stand it.

 

ALEXANDRA1000

8:33 PM ET

May 16, 2010

Women and counterinsurgency

This article touches on an important linkage between the security of women and the security of nations. Women are forgotten players in coalition counterinsurgency efforts. At the center of village life, they are aware of insurgent presence in their communities. In the absence of the central government providing personal security, rule of law, and basic human services, they are forced to choose alternative security guarantees and support insurgents in exchange for some semblance of human security. When we fail to engage Afghan women and engage only Afghan men, we are only hearing half the story about what the community needs. Therefore, our counterinsurgency outreach is literally half as effective as it could be.

Beyond this, while Afghan women are difficult to access, they play a central role in their families and are the primary care-givers for, and have significant influence over, their children Even U.S. Army counterinsurgency doctrine advises, "Win the women, and you own the family unit. Own the family, and you take a big step forward in mobilizing the population."

The take-away from this article should not be that we have a moral imperative to help Afghan women to become more empowered or more "western". The point is that, as long as violence and insecurity rule the lives of Afghan women, violence and insecurity will rule in Afghanistan. This instability creates space for insurgents and their terrorist allies to thrive, which has national security repercussions for the United States.

Sasha Mehra
Interagency Student
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Ft. Leavenworth, KS