Europe's Burqa Wars

As Europe's Muslim population continues to grow, Islamic dress, particularly the controversial burqa, has become a focus for wrenching political disputes. From Belgium, which is leading the way toward a full ban, to Turkey, whose enforced secularism inspired the new policies in the West, here's a look at five places where the debate is most contentious.

BY KAYVAN FARZANEH | MAY 11, 2010

View a slideshow of the always controversial burqa.

FRANCE

The law: In 2004, France instituted a controversial ban on the wearing of religious symbols and clothing in schools -- a law that was widely interpreted as targeting Islamic headscarves. More recently President Nicolas Sarkozy's UMP party has begun a push to also ban the burqa (a garment that covers a woman's entire face and body, leaving only a screen for the eyes) and the niqab (a veil for the face that leaves the area around the eyes open) in all public spaces in France. The parliament passed a nonbinding resolution on May 11 in support of such a ban.

The debate: France is the European country with the largest Muslim minority population (6 percent, or 4 million citizens). The proposed burqa ban has opened difficult questions about national identity and the place of religion in society. Sarkozy was quoted in June 2009 as saying "the burqa is not welcome in France" and has since argued that it is a tool for the suppression of women.

A parliamentary commission, which concluded earlier this year, recommended a partial ban in spaces like hospitals and on public transportation. In an attempt to minimize the controversy surrounding the legislative effort, Jean-François Copé, leader of the UMP party in parliament, argued last week that the ban is based on security concerns ("the visibility of the face in the public sphere ... is essential to our security and is a condition for living together"), not religious discrimination.

Earlier this year, Prime Minister Francois Fillon asked the Council of State, a body that provides legal advice to the executive branch, to examine whether a full ban would be constitutional. The council found that such a law would most likely violate the French Constitution and could be challenged in court. However, it also found that a partial ban on face-covering garments could stand in certain "high-risk" places for security reasons. (A similar law is already on the books in Italy, where a woman was recently fined 500 euros for wearing a niqab in public.) Nonetheless, Copé says he will continue to pursue a full ban of the burqa in France.

MICHEL GANGNE/AFP/Getty Images

ALAIN JOCARD/AFP/Getty Images; JULIEN WARNAND/AFP/Getty Images; DAVID GANNON/AFP/Getty Images; PHILIPPE DESMAZES/AFP/Getty Images; MUSTAFA OZER/AFP/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS:
 

Kayvan Farzaneh is an editorial researcher at Foreign Policy.

TANTAWI1992

7:06 PM ET

May 11, 2010

DO NOT BAN!

Equality!
Equality!
Equality!

Its a woman's choice to wear the burqa or not.

Its a shame that France, the motherland of civil liberties, the land where the rich heritage of the french revolution has ensured every human the rights and freedoms to protect him/her against big bad government.

I don't know about the other readers, but I'm for woman's choice, civil liberties, and maintaining the rich heritage of the french revolution.

 

DDSNAIK

9:31 AM ET

May 12, 2010

I'm also for civil liberties and freedom of choice...

... but if you think that a large percent of the women that wear burqa are doing so of their own choice, you are either sadly mistaken or willfully hiding your head in the sand, so invoking personal choice is surely not as clear cut as you would like it to be. Since the French can't know, on a case by case basis, who chooses to wear a burqa and on whom it's being imposed and who may or may not be a security risk, it seems prudent to address what they can and to err on the side of public safety and have some sort of guidelines as proposed. While not ideally mentioned in a Politically Correctness-run-amuck world, it's naive to not acknowledge the security issues at hand.

I'll point out the parallel between this and the new full body scanners proposed at US airports. True, there is a certain loss of privacy, but there is also a hierarchy of issues to consider. It seems fair to place public safety and all the measures that might rationally address it above one's sense of embarrassment or comfort or preference, and the offended can always choose simply not to fly (which is a choice and not an entitlement).

For the record, per Lal's comments below, I actually would support the banning or restricting of sarees or whatever clothing that was proven to show an uptick in traffic accidents caused by said fashion choices. (go ahead, insert obvious jokes about beautiful women wearing skimpy clothing here)

Again, public safety has to trump personal choice most of the time...

 

NORBOOSE

1:35 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Perplexing

I dont really care what the Euros do. However, you seem to have a interesting definition of equality. I know muslim women who dont wear any headgear, does that bother you? Also, based on your earlier posts, do you expect nothing from some countries, and much from others? In Afghanistan, its ok to murder family members who disobey, but Euro countries creating a dress code is unthinkable.

By the way, the French revolution was stupid. They were unwilling to work within reality to acheive freedom and equality. Thus, they inevitably collapsed into anarchy or oppression. Similar to what happened after every Marxist revolution.

 

TANTAWI1992

9:08 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Civil liberties

Now now good commenter, islamophobia was never far away from Sarkozy's party.

First they target a very specific ethnicity, then they swing their cross hairs to one sex of that ethnicity, then they invoke equality, then they uncover the women.

A terrible cycle, only to be trumpeted and decorated further by such ignorant posts of some commenters.

The french revolution set the stage for equality between all, it overthrew crowns, smashed thrones and empowered people.

Undo that and ban the burqa, you will only marginalize these women even more, they will be forced to stay at home and never get out.

Come to your senses, and spread the universal right of humanity to equality and equity.
Its a personal choice folks, very simple

 

EDDYGORDO47

12:51 PM ET

May 19, 2010

Ignorant comment

The guy who claims it is "ok to kill a family member in Afghanistan", are speaking from personally visiting Afghanistan and seeing this happen or are you a product of CNN like 90% of other westerner who have such strong opinions about Afghanistan and other Islamic countries and their laws?

I will also ask if you are in agreement that "Sisters" from your local French Church are told they can no longer wear their outfits which include a headscarf or "Fathers" can no longer wear their religious symbols such as the cross around their neck?

To clarify on your first topic, it is NOT ok to kill a family member or ANYONE for that matter in Afghanistan. As a matter of fact, laws against killing someone in Afghanistan are FAR more punishing than it is in the West, where you could get drunk, get behind the wheel of your car, run a whole family over and probably get less than 20 years for it. I live in Canada and have seen many instances of murderous drunks getting nothing more than a slap on the wrist. Is that considered "OK" to kill? Get your head out of the sand.

Not ALL women in Afghanistan wear burquas. As a matter of fact, there are far more women who don't wear it than those who do. Islamically speaking, a woman is NOT required to cover her entire face like women in Afghanistan and other Middle Eastern countries do. They are required however, to wear a hijab (headscarf), almost EXACTLY like practicing "Sisters" do at western churches. Are "sisters" oppressed? Covering your face has evolved from cultural beliefs and men, who force their wives or family members to wear it, need to learn more about the matter. My mother and sisters grew up not wearing burquas or headscarfs living in Afghanistan. They read, understood and CHOSE to wear hijabs because they wanted in Canada! That is choice and they deserve to have that choice, no government should ban them from doing it or ASSUME that they are oppressed women. My wife does not wear a headscarf but if she ever wanted to, it would be HER choice.

Don't support a cause you don't have much knowledge on or argue on the topic without facts. It's easy to point out one or two negative events and paint an entire culture with it, but is that really the right thing to do? 2 billion Muslims in the world and growing, is that because we kill family members or oppress our women? Think about it.

 

LAL QILA

7:15 PM ET

May 11, 2010

You think only conservative Muslims wear burkas

Look no further and watch the conservative Jews wearing burkas; but, nay, their name will never be published in the so called free press. They are gods chosen people. We can't make fun of them.

Yemeni Jews wearing burka – America’s ‘secret’ mission to save 60 Yemeni Jews

http://lalqila.wordpress.com/2010/05/09/yemeni-jews-wearing-burka-americas-secret-mission-to-save-60-yemeni-jews/

 

LAL QILA

7:23 PM ET

May 11, 2010

If conservative religious women are going to be forced

If conservative religious women are going to be forced against their wishes to lower the nikab, then perhaps all Western women in Muslim countries should also be forced to remove some part of their clothing.

I leave it to the readers to suggest what part of women's clothing should be removed in the East as commiserate action.

 

SSIDDIQUI

8:03 PM ET

May 11, 2010

A Hypocrisy

Many Western nations uphold that they are the ones who practice freedom of speech and religion, but as these bans against the headscarf show, obviously there's a huge double standard.

I can understand banning the niqab and the burqa, but not the hijab. There is no reason for Western nations to prevent women from wearing the hijab. It's usually not a safety hazard. Many women wear it by choice to express their religion. It's a travesty that Muslim women cannot freely practice their religion.

 

JRE_CH

3:21 AM ET

May 12, 2010

Read the article

No one is saying that we should ban the Hijab. They are talking about banning Niqab and Burqa for the same reason that you are not allowed to walk with something that cover your face in the street: security reason. This is not related to religion, but only to security.
Plus I'd say it's rather dangerous to drive a car wearing a burqa...

 

DDSNAIK

12:46 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Agree but...

... where is it saying that the hijab will also be banned ? Did I miss that part ?

 

SSIDDIQUI

12:48 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Pay Attention

The article was not an argument for or against the banning of religious veils. It only presented the laws and the arguments for and against the banning of veils in different nations. The laws of France, Germany and Turkey have banned hijabs in various buildings.

Before you comment, check your facts.

 

NOORAH

9:10 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Liberties, indepent thinkers, and Hypocrisy

DDSNAIK said it 100% correct. The hypocrisy that SSIDDIQUI refers to is unsubstaniated, because there are Muslim women who choose NOT to wear the hijab. The coercion that other Muslims put on independent thinking Muslim women for not wearing the hijab, or burgas, or coverings is 100% wrong. The ban of the dress is to protect all women from the abuse of slavery, that we women worked so hard to get out of. The women of Egypt up to the 1970s did not have to wear the hijab or any covering; the political ideology of men of the brotherhood wants control. Anyone who chooses to twist the words, and not educate themselves should go back to their mother country.

Another thing, the Wahhabis want to control. Religion is from the root word meaning 'bind'. Before the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh), the town charged money for people of all over to make pilgrimmage to come worship their own gods. Even today, it still cost money to make the pilgrimmage. I do not believe Allah (swt) would want the wahhabis to charge money. I do not believe Allah (swt) wants women to be slaves.

 

MAIMOONA RAHMAN

10:39 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Driving Cars Wearing a Burqa is a Problem?

The entire of the M.E. except KSA which is a class apart, has women driving in burqas and niqabs (and without bombs to kill non-muslim residents). Check out the rate of them meeting with accidents. These women work, participate in meetings and much more despite the fact that they're very muslim. And they even get divorced when their husbands act funny. But they never give up their religion or their burqa.

I believe there's more to the issue than what meets the eye. Driving and independence isn't one of them.

 

DDSNAIK

5:07 PM ET

May 13, 2010

Before you levy charges of inattentiveness...

... it's plain to see that the bulk of the article involves a ban on the burqa specifically and secondarily the niqab. Clearly, no one on this thread has expressed any support for suppression of any religious rights or specifically involving the hijab in any ban on veils/religious/clothing/etc.

SSIDDIQUI, I'm with you on freedom of religion principles and not trespassing on personal choices and not entertaining double standards in general, but please don't focus in on a factoid that is enforced in such limited locales (a hijab ban in 2 countries, in some buildings ?) and paint it with the same brush as the more applicable point of contention (wider countrywide bans on burquas and niqabs) - and then levy charges of inattentiveness.

I do thank you, my friend (as we all here should theoretically be), for pointing out the hijab ban in Germany and Turkey, but the conversation here is clearly and overwhelmingly in respect directly to a burqa and niqab ban.

 

LAL QILA

12:30 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Fat Western men should not be allowed to wear a belt

Fat Western men should not be allowed to wear a belt to hold up their trousers whilst working in the Muslim countries as equal and opposite reaction to West's obsession with everything Muslim from Hijab to oil.

What say ye?

 

NORBOOSE

1:45 PM ET

May 12, 2010

If fat arabs also cant wear belts...

... then I guess everything would be fair.

 

NORBOOSE

1:54 PM ET

May 12, 2010

A question for those who speak of equality.

This is an honest question. I think people should be allowed to wear whatever they want, unless it actually hampers efficiency or safety (e.g drivers license). Here in the US, I know two Muslim women who do not wear any sort of head covering (I also know 3 who do wear hijabs, so dont say the 2 are pressured into not wearing them). Shouldn't they have the freedom to not wear a hijab or a burqa, or any other regional variants of the veil? I know one injustice usually doesnt excuse another, and the Euros can go to hell for all I care, but I sense much hypocrisy in those that speak of freedom here.

 

LAL QILA

2:44 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Norboose: People should be free to wear whatever they want

People should be free to wear whatever they want, if they want to wear a burqa or not wear a burqa its up to them.

Nobody has a right to tell others what to wear or not to wear. Only bullies tell tell others what to do and that is certainly not right.

I know many young Western women in Europe and America who have started to wear a hijab; this is something new; neither their mothers or grandmothers wore such hijabs; and I think these young women should be allowed to wear whatever they want.

 

NORBOOSE

11:18 AM ET

May 13, 2010

You didnt answer the question

What about the other way around? You mentioned the belt thing. Shouldnt women in ANY country be allowed to wear whatever they want. Actually, I think you did answer, by omission.

 

ASHOK2718

4:37 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Hello everyone

Please also see the blog given below. Though I dont have the skills to write as beautifully as the person who wrote this blog but it more than sums up what i wanted to say.

http://plancksconstant.org/blog1/2010/05/if_muslim_countries_can_ban_the_veil_why_cant_infi.html

 

LAL QILA

7:44 PM ET

May 12, 2010

Ashok, Hindoos, Jews or Christians should not ask Muslims

Ashok, Hindoos, Jews or Christians should not ask Muslims to change their religion or their traditions.

Muslims don't ask Ashok, Hindoos, Jews or Christians to change their ways either.

Live and let live.

 

BLUETERRACE

2:06 AM ET

May 16, 2010

islamic freedom?

....and yet you can't build churches in islamic countries like Saudia Arabia. In Malaysia christian houses of worship are fire-bombed, in Iraq there are now death squads targeting christians and in Egypt the Copts have been relentlessly attacked for generations. Non-muslims in Northen Africa are killed, raped, enslaved and tortured to this very day.

The historical record is even worse. Go read the history of the Turkish empires and how they treated non-muslims. Or talk to a Greek, Serb or Armenian.

So actually, you are wrong, and muslims states do make life very difficult for non-muslims.

 

EDDYGORDO47

1:59 PM ET

May 19, 2010

Find Churches in Islamic Countries???

You serious? Christianity today is a far cry of the Christianity that was practiced in Muslim ruled countries where Christians and Muslims even prayed at the same building. Now, you have an accepting and politically correct religion that even boasts a "GAY" version of the bible and proudly displays idols of Jesus, which makes you no different than the Hindus. Which Islamic country would you like to allow for a religion that is completely lost it's way and not even sure which bible is the right one? Let's not even get into the topic of growing number of priests in Churches molesting little kids, Christianity needs to find it's own identity before they start building Churches in Muslim countries for others to follow.

 

ASHOK2718

5:07 AM ET

May 13, 2010

They dont since when ??

I suppose you are not familiar with Saudi Arabia (I wont name other nations because they all are same to me). I wont say anything else.

 

EDDYGORDO47

2:12 PM ET

May 19, 2010

All the same eh?

Sounds like a very educated thing to say. Ashok sounds like an Indian name and you might be an Indian or at least Hindu. What are you complaining about? If you are indeed from India or Hindu, you have nothing to bitch about because Hindus regularly kill Muslims with swords, boiled water and other creative ways in the name of religion in India. You also torch and burn your women if her family doesn't give you enough money to marry your sons. You also kill baby girls because it considered bad luck. So what is your beef with the Muslims? You got your work cut out in your own religion/country, come back when you have abolished slavery and oppression of women in your country.

 

VINGBOO

7:57 AM ET

May 13, 2010

Sad

I think wearing a Buqa is ABSURD and it should be banned everywhere. Its so barbaric.

Lou
www.isp-logging.eu.tc

 

LAL QILA

8:27 AM ET

May 13, 2010

Many young women choose to wear a hijab

Many young women choose to wear a hijab or a nikab. They are doing it by their own CHOICE and many are born and bred in Europe and America.

I know many young Western women in Europe and America who have started to wear a hijab; this is something new; neither their mothers or grandmothers wore such hijabs; and I think these young women should be allowed to wear whatever they want.

 

JERRY3

3:52 PM ET

May 13, 2010

I'm from Germany and I think

I'm from Germany and I think we must be more tolerant ;)
Greets Geldanlagen Vergleich

 

MAIGARI

7:04 AM ET

May 15, 2010

THE BURQA

It is sad and perplexing that in this day and age the EU fights a proxy war on Islam with the field glasses of the Crusaids! The Burqa was not and is not an Islamic dree per se. It was the cultural dressing of thos ethat prefer to use it. The advent of Islam made it norm for many simply as a means of covering up.
The furore from the nEU - France and Belgium in particular - simply shows the level of intolerance by the ruling elites! The real women who are *oppressed* by the burqa are not in any way helped by all this nonsense. They aretucked away in their countries where the EU sponsored and maintained authoritarian rulers over them and there is not much any EU President can do about it. Those who come to Europe as migrants or are forced by circumstances to leave therir countries are not oppresssed as the culture of \Europe does give much leeway for that. However, the attack on Islam will make many adopt the burqa if it is just as devils advocate; afterall what is the freedom all about?
There are countless authoritarian Muslim majority rulers sponsored and maintained by the EU and the US. Mubarak, and all the monarchies in the middle east and North Africa and no one talks of freeedom for the entire people so oppressed; no, it is some poor woman from the hinterland of Afghanistan and Pakistan who is oppressed! Who plced Karzai and all the Pakistani rulers?
Fight your political turf wars on reasonable and fair grounds but leave Islam out of it.

 

BLUETERRACE

1:04 AM ET

May 16, 2010

When in Rome .....

If Muslims don’t like it, then please go live in a Muslim country.

There are so many Islamic countries to choose from: Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Somali, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangldesh, Yemen, Uzbekistan, Mali, Chad, Nigeria ... and so the list goes on.

There you can abide by all the Islamic rules and customs you like, and live a lovely, free Islamic life with all the wonderful things your religon has created.

It seems strange that you move here and then work to create a way of life that already exists in so many other lands.

We, the native people, feel you don’t add anything of value to our lives or culture, and we don't want you to change the way we live.

I wish you no harm, but please, go where you will feel happier and leave us to live life on our terms.

 

ABDALLAH

4:53 AM ET

May 17, 2010

In and Out

Although i am very much against the burqas and even the veil and since i am liberal muslim whom have read so much in that topic, i believe so much that they are out of the islamic traditions. but i am still convinced that this remains her personal choice, the women in adult enough to take her decision alone and if we will tell the women to wear something or to take it off, this will be the exact definition of women suppression

 

ARJUNA

11:23 PM ET

June 7, 2010

Europe's Burqa Wars

Exactly, It is sad and perplexing that in this day and age the EU fights a proxy war on Islam with the field glasses current political news of the Crusaids! The Burqa was not and is not an Islamic dree per se. It was the cultural dressing of thos ethat prefer to use it. The advent of Islam made it norm for many simply as a means of covering up.

 

GEORGE RAWLS

10:19 AM ET

June 10, 2010

Some Arabs See Wisdom In Burqa Bans

Few, if any, Arabs support such bans and the prohibitions raise questions among them about anti-Muslim sentiment in the West. However, many people in Jordan can at least understand where European countries are coming from, especially regarding security concerns. In most cases, European politicians in support of banning complete facial covering avoided making religious arguments, instead arguing that clothing of any kind that hid a person's face constituted a security threat.

Aside from France, Belgium banned facial coverings last month. In Germany, Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands, there are also laws regulating full facial covering at the local level or right-wing politicians who strongly advocate for it. Louis Saint referencing the 1966 film about the French fighting the Algerian insurgency in which veiled women are used to smuggle weapons, Jennifer Heath said: "This is like someone has figured out that we can get rid of the niqab by sort of pretending it's going to be the Battle of Algiers again. I find it a little sensationalist." Heath edited "The Veil: Women Writers On Its History, Lore, And Politics," a collection of essays about veiling.