Beijing's Most Embarrassing Allies

As China has grown into a major economic and military power in the last two decades, its mad scramble for energy resources and trading partners has led it into alliances with some of the world's most unsavory governments. Here are five regimes that couldn't survive without Beijing.

BY JOSHUA E. KEATING | MAY 24, 2010

NORTH KOREA

Beijing's interests: Stability, bilateral trade, and a buffer between China and South Korea

The relationship: Chinese support for North Korea dates back to the 1950s, when Beijing loaned military aid and fighters to Kim Il Sung's communist government during the Korean War. China quickly became North Korea's primary benefactor and trading partner, a relationship that has continued under the rule of Kim Jong Il. Ninety percent of North Korea's energy imports, 80 percent of its consumer goods, and 45 percent of its food now come from China.

The relationship isn't all one-sided. An increasing number of Chinese firms are investing in North Korea to take advantage of its rock-bottom labor costs and large coal and mineral deposits. Bilateral trade between the two countries reached $2.79 billion in 2008, up more than 40 percent from the year before. More importantly for Beijing, North Korea provides a friendly buffer zone between China's northeast and capitalist, democratic South Korea -- as well as the 37,500 U.S. troops based there.

China has frequently used its position on the U.N. Security Council to block harsher sanctions against Kim's regime. Since North Korea began its pursuit of nuclear weapons, Beijing has seemed more exasperated with Kim's belligerence and at times, has even supported international sanctions. Although the support is not as unconditional as it once was, China remains North Korea's most important ally, as evidenced by the reclusive Kim Jong Il's recent trip to Beijing, where he met with President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao and reportedly suggested once again that he might be willing to return to the negotiating table.

Most embarrassing moment: China was instrumental in cajoling North Korea into participating in the 2003-2005 six-party talks aimed at denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula, which culminated in a 2005 agreement by North Korea to dismantle its nuclear program in exchange for foreign aid. So when Pyongyang tore up the agreement and tested a nuclear weapon in October 2006, it was widely perceived as a "slap in the face" to a Chinese government that had repeatedly stuck its neck out for its troublesome southeastern neighbor. One week after the tests, China agreed for the first time to support U.N. sanctions on North Korea, and the political relationship between the two countries has been strained ever since. Fearing the chaos and potential refugee crisis that might result if the Kim regime were to fall, however, China is still wary about applying too much pressure, and trade between the countries continues to increase.

STR/AFP/Getty Images; Guang Niu/Pool/Getty Images; AFP/AFP/Getty Images; ANDREW WONG/AFP/Getty Images; Jason Lee-Pool/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS: CHINA
 

Joshua E. Keating is associate editor at Foreign Policy.

ARGONNE18

6:38 AM ET

May 25, 2010

Embarassing and unsavory allies...how about Israel?

Don't you just love the latest abomination...Israel nuking up apartheid South Africa. Birds of a feather.

 

NORBOOSE

3:21 PM ET

May 25, 2010

So?

Does this article defend Israel? Does Israel being bad make China good?

 

MOOSE

3:26 PM ET

May 31, 2010

How about Israel

In 1947, the Arabs were offered equal partnership in the nation of Israel. Given their radical association with the Nazi's in WW2, the Arab leadership decided they wanted all of Israel and instead of a stable and prosperous country we have conflict. This is what terrorism has given the region because what does a terrorist do if there is peace?

 

THEEASYWAY

6:55 AM ET

May 25, 2010

Oh really?

All I see is China refusing to bully small countries into submission along with western powers, opting instead for cooperation.

 

NORBOOSE

3:27 PM ET

May 25, 2010

Foolish

First of all, there are no "western powers." There is the US and a bunch of second-rate Euro countries. It isnt the 1870's anymore.

More importantly, it is foolish to see what the Chinese are doing as in any way different. Cooperating with regimes that only hold power through force and fear somehow gives them the moral highground? Im not defending the US, I dont need to here. The only reason China can look good is that it hasnt been a world power long enough to make any big screwups. It will. And then, what is preferable: a democracy that is sometimes hypocritical, or an openly oppressive and amoral single-party dictatorship? You need to maintain a more open frame of reference.

 

GENERALOREO

7:55 AM ET

May 26, 2010

Oh, poor tyrannical theocracies!

Poor Taliban, bullied into submission! That's only supposed to happen to women and non-muslims! I heard the western infidels are even building schools in afghanistan, oh such brutality, thank allah the moderate muslim ummah is either siding with the taliban or not supporting the infidels. And that thuggish theocracy on the persian gulf, only wants to live in peace, chants every friday for world peace, but here comes america and the west to bully it - after mercilessly destroying peaceful iraq - and they just won't cooperate no matter how many times the ayatollahs call for its death as the centrifuges keep spinning and enriching uranium. It seems like North Korea maybe be a victim of this bullying too, perhaps the capitalist west couldn't handle the sophistication and prosperity and happiness that communism brought that NK that now it wants an excuse to destroy it.

It's funny but then I think that such ignorant and juvenile thinking is significant, if not the majority, in the world and I'm reminded against why I'm a misanthrope.

If one day the spread of nuclear weapons, especially their spread in one of the most fanatical and backward regions of the world, results in a nuke going off in a western city and hundreds of millions dying in retaliation - and who knows about a nuclear winter - I would really like to see what the useful idiots think then.

 

SURESH SHETH

8:05 AM ET

May 25, 2010

Pakistan even more embarrassing

Pakistan is even ‘more embarrassing ally’ of China than North Korea.

But then Pakistan is ‘more embarrassing ally’ of US and UK as well and hence Pakistan does NOT make Joshua Keating’s list.

 

NORBOOSE

3:28 PM ET

May 25, 2010

So?

A point would be helpful. Why do flaws in some countries make other countries better? I just dont get it

 

TOPOLOOP

11:24 AM ET

May 28, 2010

So? ?

i dont get your question. flaws in some countries dont make other countries better. US and UK are bad. an elaboration would be helpful.

 

MAIGARI

1:46 PM ET

May 25, 2010

Beijing's Allies - Most Embrassing?

Joshua Keating has illustrated clearly Washingtons selective blindnes. If the regimes listed couldn't have survived without Beijing; how about Egypt; Saudi Arabia and all the Monarchies in the Middle East? Of those are "moderates that are supplying Washington with OIL or killing their own people yo suppress Islamic Terrorism. So much for freedom ondeed. I would rather trade and develop than stay "DEVELOPED" perpetually under martial law!
Which nation is the largest supplier of arms to the Middle East and at the same etime the regions' biggest trading partner? I believe it is not the Communist China. Let us have some objectivity please, afterall Beijing is not an extention of the US.

 

NORBOOSE

3:19 PM ET

May 25, 2010

So we cant ever write about China?

Yes, you can talk about the US support for corrupt and evil regimes, as many people do. However, China also exists, and it also does stuff. Do you really think that we should just never think about Chinas support for evil regimes? The US may be the biggest arms supplier in the middle east, (though I think Russia must be really close) but China is certainly the biggest arms supplier in south-east asia, another often violent region. In southern Africa, it probably is more involved than us. You only thought of the middle east, there is violence elsewhere. You seem to be unaware that multiple things can exist at once. Your thinking is like that of a large, non-human mammal, you seem to assume that only the thing you are focusing on at any given moment exists.

 

GENERALOREO

7:44 AM ET

May 26, 2010

How about Egypt and Saudi Arabia?

I'm from neither of those countries, but I'm from one of the small countries on the gulf, and it's hilarious reading stuff like this. All those regimes can survive w/o the US, except in the case of an invasion or something, in which case the US is also protecting the people. In my case, most people here from what I see are living pretty good and there's a lively press too, it won't cross some taboos but those are cultural more than political. Citizens have many rights, institutions like the police are much more developed and closer to a 'first world' country than 'democracies' like India. I could go on and on but there's no point.

The US nagging everybody about human rights is better than not, but ultimately it's the people that must change. Oh, and if there is democracy here, we'd be much worse. And if the US leaves on top of that, and there's nothing to nudge them in a better direction or protect the country from foreign invasion, well we're screwed. The US plays a positive role here, no matter how many idiots of different colors say otherwise, and it doesn't control/run the region like it wants, otherwise there would be no damn OPEN and everybody would have supported the iraq war (which I did/still do) and so many other damn things.

Those countries, those 'bad' allies of the US, and China too, are the responsibility of their people. It's their values and culture that dictate how their government runs more than anything. It's their support, and there's plenty of it, that helps those regimes survive more than american support - whatever that is, and more importantly it's their apathy or half-hearted opposition where they do oppose it that perpetuates those government. Basically, you get the government you deserve, democracy or not.

The US doesn't run the world, it has interests and builds alliances with necessary countries, just like everybody else. If it didn't you'd be screaming about arrogance and what have you, but then when they engage it's oh appeasement and America is responsible for that dictatorship, not the damn people that let it rule them, or in most cases actually support them.

In some cases where the US gives aid to countries, like Jordan and Egypt, I think it has a responsibility to use that to promote democracy and human rights, but that's it. Most likely it would still get blamed for everything, for 'interfering' and whatever.

 

MAIGARI

5:33 PM ET

May 26, 2010

Thanks N, but the topic was

Thanks N, but the topic was specifically China's embrassing allies. The South East as you pointed is there; even there the US is perhaps further away from "base" so to speak whereas China is at the door step. In Africa, the US supported Siad Barre, Mobutu and even the sham democracy in Nigeria under Obasanjo.
Realities are everywhere but as we say " it is the rain that drencged you that is rain". The US policies have hurt far too many people even though it has its own good side. You may need to reassess your world view. The US is not the only country with interest in development od peace. We are all stake holders though some are louder than others. Surely Beijing has helped and it is just recently that her economic might came into focus.

 

NORBOOSE

7:28 PM ET

May 26, 2010

Your more reasonable than you seemed at first

Ive never been one to stress "peace" by itself, which has long been a defense of oppression. The Chinese government does want peace, a peace where it remains entrenched in power and doesnt have to fight to keep it. That is an ideal peace for them. Im kind of glad to have another world power; things never work when one entity holds all the cards. However, China is clearly worse than the US. Simply put, a country that legitamately tries to be a free country (the US) has done bad things on scale X. Now there is a country that will probably be like the US over the next century, except they hold power through force and blatant manipulation. If their capabilities are equal to the US, the bad things they will do will be on a greater scale than X. I have no doubt the Chinese want peace, I want peace and freedom. The Chinese still kill several thousand of their own people every year as a means of political control, how nice will they be to foreignors?

 

MOOSE

3:35 PM ET

May 31, 2010

Beijing's Allies

Isn't funny how all of Beijing's allies resemble Beijing in controlling the populations of their countries. I wonder how many more millions will die in Africa and Asia like died in China under Mao?

 

JIMBI44

4:53 AM ET

May 26, 2010

Yes, you can talk about the

Yes, you can talk about the US support for corrupt and evil regimes, as many people do. However, China also exists, and it also does stuff.!

 

GENERALOREO

7:15 AM ET

May 26, 2010

Uh, define 'support' please.

Most or even all of these regimes would more than survive if they didn't have an alliance with China.

Just like all the countries the US 'supports' would also survive. Iran and Syria are good examples of anti-american middle east dictatorships. But somehow, the US having an embassy in Saudi Arabia means everything that happens in SA is america's fault and it's responsible for saudis not having a democracy. Unless the US sends hundreds of thousands of trooops to Egypt and Saudi Arabia to patrol streets and keep the rulers in power, nobody can say it 'supports' those regimes as if they wouldn't survive w/o it. Actually, even wit the troops it seems it wouldn't make a difference - see Iran's influence in Iraq.

The people are responsible for their governments, and nobody in the middle east - maybe in Iran, barely - is fighting for their freedom. They don't give a damn. Their goverments are products of their political cultures, and wouldn't even change much (in terms of corruptions, etc..) if they were democratically elected. Actually, they'd be worse probably.

 

ALBERT JEWELL

1:45 AM ET

June 23, 2010

The China North Korea Relationship

The People's Republic of China (PRC) plays a key role in U.S. policy toward the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea). The PRC is North Korea's closest ally, largest provider of food, fuel, and industrial machinery, and arguably the country most able to wield influence in Pyongyang. China also is the host of the Six-Party Talks (involving the United States, China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, and Russia) over North Korea's nuclear program. xerox workcentre ink The close PRC-DPRK relationship is of interest to U.S. policymakers because China plays a pivotal role in the success of U.S. efforts to halt the DPRK's nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs, to prevent nuclear proliferation, to enforce economic sanctions, and to ensure that North Korean refugees that cross into China receive humane treatment. Since late 2008, China has been not just the largest, but also the dominant, provider of aid and partner in trade with North Korea. Beijing and Pyongyang are currently going through a period of amicable diplomatic and economic relations following the negative response by Beijing to the DPRK's nuclear and missile tests in 2009 and China's support of new United Nations Security Council sanctions directed at North Korea. China's enforcement of those U.N. sanctions, however, is still unclear. workcentre xi70c ink cartridges China has enforced some aspects of the sanctions that relate directly to North Korea's ballistic missile and nuclear programs, but Beijing has been less strict on controlling exports of dual use products. Chinese shipments of banned luxury goods to the DPRK continue to increase.

 

IAN

1:53 PM ET

May 26, 2010

Talk about going crazy... also my 5 most embarrasing US allies

Its not about the US being better or Israel being this or Egypt not surviving without Chinese help (read any comment above me that smakcs of striaght anti-Americanism without actually reading the article) and China is actually just a nice guy trying to help out. As I see it, it's simply an article about countries friendly to China that have repeatedly presumed too much on that friendship. That's it. I don't see how the US or Israel or anyone else has anything to do with this article.

It could have some points towards saying China maybe should choose better friends. Every single one of those people/nations aren't exactly on the nice-guy top ten list. In the end, I think its simply stating that China, in it's increasing reach for raw materiel wealth to fuel its economic growth, is siding with people that, no matter what you give them or help them with, they will always do what they want, regardless of the cost to China in money or diplomatic power. It's a two-way friendship in economic trade, but one-way in the world political stage, to the detriment of China.

Anyone reading into this that Israel and the US are trying to do something to China while hiding their own theocratic countries like Saudi Arabia, well, may have a bit of truth in it, but mostly, you're just too anti-US to believe anything else. Realistic skepticism is good. The inability to accept any other position isn't.

Finally, all that aside, I wouldn't mind seeing something similar about the US's most embarrasing allies... FP? You up for that one as well? Here's my list on this one, in no particluar order of worst to best or the other way around:

1. Israel - They have used up much of their goodwill lately and are coming across as increasingly radical. They seem almost as intransigent as North Korea sometimes. This is coming from a guy who grew up believing Israel was country of heroes. Here's to hoping the general populace can force their government back to moderation.

2. Afghanistan - The current government, of course. I have made no secret of my feelings of Karzai. He's a complete klepto in it only for himself and his cronies. He'll be ousted by somebody shortly after ISAF leaves. In the meantime, the US sticking by him is one of the top 2 reason's I believe Afghanistan will fail... again.

3. Kyrgyzstan (spelling?) - With Manas Base in there, they are really being held hostage by whatever government was in there or comes out of the current mess. Either way, that past government was despicable at any level. Military logistics trumped human rights on this one, kind of. My guess, they saw it as the lesser of two evils. Besides, who cares about a place in Central Asia that almost no one can spell? Certainly not the general US populace.

4. Pakistan - Its an open secret that Pakistan maintains ties to the Taliban. That right there makes them a useful, but embarrasing ally. Pakistan, while superficially helping the US, will always be centred around India/Kashmir. As long as whoever is ruling Afghanistan is relatively friendly, they aren't going to worry. If that's US backed or Taliban doesn't matter to Pakistan.

5. Gulf States/France - Its a tie for the last one. They are both going the same direction, but on opposite sides of the spectrum. Both are becoming more and more anti-foreigner. Both are becoming more radicalized against the refugees that seem to be overrunning their nations. While not TOO bad yet, in the next decade, if cooler head do not prevail, I wonder what the world will look like?

Anyone else want a go at this? Feel free. I know I'm mostly going to get the hardcore anti-US screaming inanities or the hardcore pro-US doing the same thing. Hopefully we'll see some actual decent ones inbetween there somewhere.

 

NORBOOSE

7:34 PM ET

May 26, 2010

There we go

This is an argument. An argument I might disagree with, but a solid argument. This is what can change peoples minds, and promote discussion, not emotional venting, pedantic displays of facts, or self-satisfied smugness. Please, early commenters, take a picture. If you wrote like this, you would cease to be a waste of a conscious mind. I even would stop making fun of you.

 

JJACKSON

9:39 PM ET

May 27, 2010

I have some sympathy for the

I have some sympathy for the earlier commenters. True; the article never claims that America could not as easily be substituted for China with a list of some of the US's more dubious friends as the rogue states. It is, however, of a kind with a lot of such pieces which highlight unpleasant states and then condemn their friends by association. Most of these are done straight faced, without any sense irony, with the author oblivious to the fact it applies just as well to them.
That is not to say the same kind of thing is not happening elsewhere in reverse. The US's terrorist problem is largely due to its aiding and abetting Israel which - as Ian points out - is the obvious one with which to tar the US. I would like to add a few more names for consideration that I think the US would be well advised to distance themselves from.
Yemen - Up for a $115m military aid package. Not a nice regime with dubious legitimacy and writ over almost none of the country. All is forgiven/brushed under the carpet because one of the groups they are fighting are Shiite and get some of their backing form Iran.
Ethiopia - The government has just been democratically re-elected - again. Mugabe would be proud of the high electoral standards. This is a country that needs many blind eyes. It was very useful in supplying the man power to invade and destroy Somalia. Shame it has just made it more radical and destroyed the only stability for decades.
Kenya - not the nice holiday destination it once was. Tricky to think of a bunch of politicians less hell bent on feathering their own nests. It is enough to make you feel all warm and fuzzy about the US house of representatives.
These are - naturally - all GWOT bed fellows. In times past we would be talking about communism and the likes of Noriega.
The US needs to perform a serious re-evaluation of where states lie in on the line from good to bad in reality and in the mind of the Government, media and - through these lenses - the people. You will get little disagreement around the world that Myanmar, N. Korea and Zimbabwe are not nice states but there are some very strange discrepancies between the global average view and the US view. The most glaring are Israel, Cuba, Iran and Venezuela. For instance I am not sure how you would split Saudi Arabia and Iran they seem about equally in most respects and yet I would venture to suggest most Americans would favour the KSA. From the other direction opinion polls show the citizens of each view the US and Israel equally unfavorably, the only difference is in their rulers. Should the House of Saud go the way of the Shah or the KSA become a democracy -Allah forfend - then only by ethnicity and the Sunni/Shia distinction could you tell them apart. Then there are the governments that would not exist (literally, not like the friends of China list) Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan (and possibly Israel?).

 

GT VERGHESE

5:41 AM ET

May 30, 2010

Beijing's Most Embarrassing Allies

It is absurd on the part of the author to totally miss out on a failed State of Pakistan which has become an international menace and a pariah for fostering Islamic terrorism throughout the world including the US. China is one of the two countries, apart from the US which is actively engaged in encouraging Pakistan to develop nuclear weapons and has now in contravention of international treaties agreed to supply two nuclear power generating reactors which could be diverted for military purposes. I was hopeful that the Times Square attempt could be a wake-up call to the US. Alas, that was not to be primarily because writers like JOSHUA E. KEATING refuse to take notice of what is blatantly evident and could turn out to be a major threat until it is too late. There are over 1000 Islamic terrorist groups operating not only on the badlands between Pakistan and Afghanisthan but also in every part of the country including Punjab and Sindh. Karachi is an hotbed of terrorist activity; so also Lahore. These terror groups are only a striking distance away from the key strategic storage points of nuclear weapons under the Control of the Pakistan Army which is ironically involved in encouraging Islamic Groups to operate as non-state actors which seems to be unraveling now as the patronage seems to have gone wrong somewhere. Yet both the Pakistan Army and the ISI are distinctly fostering these terror groups which are largely used against India and probably the Americans think that they are safe until the next strike in the heartland of the US but then it is going to be too late.

 

SOZO16

11:17 PM ET

June 8, 2010

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