Russia's New Privatization

The country's universities are moribund and behind the times. Can Moscow's entrepreneurs and philanthropists build something better?

BY JULIA IOFFE | JUNE 4, 2010

It wasn't supposed to be so cold in Moscow this late in May, which is why Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas arrived wearing only slacks and a T-shirt. He stood on stage with a slate-gray fleece blanket clumsily draped over his lanky frame, making him look like the superhero that the crowd -- a who's who of the Russian artistic and media elite -- already believed him to be.

Koolhaas was gracing the opening of the Strelka (or "Arrow") Institute, a new design school, housed in a stylishly restored old factory on an island in the Moscow River, with the ambitious goal of offering a transformative push to Russian architecture. Strelka is but the latest example in a larger crop of similar ventures. Frustrated with the tepid pace of traditional university education in Russia, private investors are dropping serious money on some unorthodox methods to tap into the intellectual harvest of the world beyond the country's borders.  

Koolhaas stood by patiently as the (private) funders and architects of the space -- a sternly swanky Dutch-inspired compound with a cozy bar decked out like a vintage furniture store -- spoke about Strelka's mission to educate and inspire a new way of thinking about architecture, design, media, and urban planning in Russia.

Strelka's position is that "in Russia there is a serious issue in terms of [architecture] education," Koolhaas, still wearing his fleece cape, told me after he clambered down from the stage and made the rounds of the audience. "Of course, I'm not in a situation where I can say whether it's true or not, but I see the same situation with education in general." The star architect had been brought on to help Strelka design a curriculum for young professionals in the architecture and design fields that would bring them up to speed with the industries elsewhere and train them to bring the cutting edge to Russia.

It's an experiment increasingly embraced, in a variety of fields, by Russians who are ill-served by an aged and slow-moving university system combining the worst elements of old and new Russia. The schools are still stocked with Soviet-era administrators, cloaked in unbudging tradition, prey to antediluvian ways of thinking, and marred by massive corruption, with students buying everything from a place on the class roster to a passing grade. (Just last month, a lecturer at Moscow State University, Russia's most prestigious university, was filmed taking a million-ruble bribe to grant a student a spot in her department -- chaired, incidentally, by the professor's father.) Reform may be finally in the air, but its pace is glacial and uneven. Instead of waiting for universities to catch up, a handful of private initiatives are taking matters into their own hands, educating and training a hungry Russian populace in everything from modern art to data analysis.

Strelka is the youngest of the lot. Funded by three new-media moguls, its goal is to supplement the classical education Russian architects receive at old temples of the trade like the Moscow Architectural Institute, which traces its lineage back to 1749. Students at the old schools are trained to sketch and draw and plan and make, but rarely to think conceptually about their craft. "Russians are naive about questions of architecture and design," says Ilya Oskolkov-Tsentsiper, one of Strelka's founders and the creator of the Afisha media empire, Russia's answer to Time Out. "Most people here think of an architect as someone who can build a pretty house, not someone who has a dynamic social role." (His co-founder, Web mogul Alexander Mamut, thinks Moscow architects aren't even good at that. "If you look at what's been built in Moscow in the last 20 years, it's humiliating," he told me. "They haven't built anything that we can be proud of.")

Natalia Dushkina, a professor at the Moscow Architecture Institute and heir to a long dynasty of famous Moscow architects, does not disagree. "The most important thing that should happen here is to teach architects to think conceptually," she said.

AFP/Getty Images

 

Julia Ioffe is a writer in Moscow.

BIBIGUL

1:07 PM ET

June 4, 2010

" In the Soviet Union,

" In the Soviet Union, university upperclassmen would be placed in internships through their departments to prepare them for real work after graduation. When the Soviet Union collapsed, this system did, too. As universities languished from lack of funds and modern curricula, young Russians began to all but abandon class for work, much of it full-time and during the academic year, in new fields that were chronically understaffed."

Familiar song, called " In the Soviet Union, we used to bla bla bla" and keep complaining about how everything is bad now and make long list of excuses for their own failures and blame the new system and new generation that they created themselves.

 

MALICEIT

7:29 PM ET

June 4, 2010

maybe...

....thats why Russian education is better then American ? Or your democracy requires low education?

 

VAZIR MUKHTAR

11:13 PM ET

June 4, 2010

Russian Education - Better than US?

In some ways Russian education is better: more time spent on maths, physics, chemistry, and the like in seconday school. Much of the learing is rote learning. Only a minority learn to think for themselves at this age.

Buth when Russians enter university the are well grounded in the Natural and Physical Sciences and in the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Where the Russians outshine their American counterparts is in the ability to make do with few resources; they learn to be inventive, to come up with imaginative solutions that can make do with less sophisticated devices than Americans have at their disposal. Those who grew up under socialism/communism learned to read between the lines. They understood the Aesopian language in which some of the literature was written.

Another advantage to Russian higher education is that not so many are allowed to major in a subject that is not truly productive: finance, the law, many of those subjects that to do not contribute to the growth of GDP. How much have graduates working at Goldman Sachs, Citigroup, or the Bank of America contributed to the well-being of the US?

Admission is by competitive examinations. That more or less sends the less able to stand such exams successfully into technical education. Not everyone needs an AB or SB, but we do need enlightened and thougtful plumbers, carpenters, short order cooks, airplane and automobile mechanics.

Yes, there are middling students in Russian higher education. But the ones who learn to think for themselves in many respects outperform their American counterparts.

I did part of my graduate school work in the USSR and was surprised and delighted to have professors and fellow graduate students who were every bit as good as my colleagues at Columbia and as those at Harvard, Stanford, and Berkeley.

Yes, I know that if you check out one of the surveys that ranks universities, only Moscow State University will rank, and if there are a hundred in the list, in the second half. As with much in life, motivation, insight, persistance, and a monitor function are qualities that can make a first-rate education available to a Russian student who graduates from the University of St. Petersburg, and other institutions; just as an American doesn't have to attend Harvard unless he or she aspires to a political career in Washington. Our president and his advisors seem to have taken the view like that of Saul Steinberg in his cartoon of the US from the point of view of a New Yorker: the rest of the country counts for practically nothing.

I don't know if this maxim holds for the Russians; it's still a good one, though: "If you can't out fight them, out think them."

 

BIBIGUL

12:20 AM ET

June 5, 2010

I never said Russian

I never said Russian education is bad, I just made a comment on the excuses older generation tends to make in Russia. But since you started I can tell you that, my American education is not any worse than my Russian education. As far as I remember Russian universities suffer from lack of funds, and proper oversight. Additionaly most of the universities use outdated materials. BTW according to the 2008 Global Competitive Report Russian education in terms of quality was ranked 46th and in science and math education it ranked 38th. I don't think that has changed for the past two years.

 

DSSDB

8:22 PM ET

June 6, 2010

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BIBIGUL

12:25 AM ET

June 5, 2010

@MALICEIT Russian democracy

@MALICEIT Russian democracy is not my democracy. I am American!

 

NORBOOSE

10:19 AM ET

June 5, 2010

Russian democracy aint nobodys democracy

The Russian governments democratic aspects have reached the point of a near complete farce. In a few years, I doubt anyone outside of Russia will even describe it as such. Just sayin