The Man Gitmo Raised

Omar Khadr's trial is a reminder of everything that went wrong with justice at Guantánamo Bay.

BY ANDREA PRASOW | AUGUST 12, 2010

GUANTÁNAMO BAY -- When I first met Omar Khadr, the youngest detainee at Guantánamo Bay, he was somewhere in the awkward gap between boy and man. He was broad-shouldered and lanky, but his face looked like a child's covered with acne. It was April 2006, and at that point the 19-year-old Canadian national had already been sitting in Guantánamo for nearly four years. This Thursday, his trial finally began.

Khadr's story is a long one, illustrating what has gone so terribly wrong with the justice system here in Guantánamo Bay. He was captured after a day-long firefight in an Afghan compound, during which someone threw a grenade that killed U.S. Army Sgt. 1st Class Christopher Speer. Almost everyone inside that compound was killed, and only 15-year-old Khadr was pulled from the rubble, with severe injuries to his eye, bulletholes in his back, and gaping chest wounds. First in Afghanistan and later at Gitmo, he has been ill-treated. Even if he is convicted now, the Supreme Court may well overturn the decision on appeal. He is a child raised to adulthood in an unjust prison. And if convicted, he could be sentenced to spend the rest of his life behind bars.

From the beginning, Khadr has bounced from one dangerous outpost of America's military judicial system to another. After the firefight in Afghanistan in 2002, Khadr was taken to Bagram Air Base. There, in addition to receiving medical treatment, he was hooded, forced into painful stress positions, threatened with rape, and confronted with barking dogs. We know this because Khadr's interrogators, including one convicted of abuse of another detainee, described the tactics they employed on Khadr and other detainees under oath during the pre-trial hearings.

After several months of such treatment, Khadr was transferred to Guantánamo, where he says the abusive interrogations continued. He did not meet with a lawyer until 2004, a full two years after he was taken into U.S. custody. In 2005, Khadr was charged under the first set of military commissions authorized by then-President George W. Bush. After the Supreme Court ruled that the military commissions system was illegal under both military justice law and the Geneva Conventions, the charges against Khadr were dismissed. However, not long thereafter, the military commissions were revised and Khadr was charged again.

I first met Khadr in 2006, when I was working for the chief defense counsel in the Office of Military Commissions and was at Guantánamo observing military commission proceedings. Khadr was not my client, but his lawyers were unable to travel that week and asked me to deliver a letter to him.

Khadr and I talked for a couple of hours. At the time, he seemed very frustrated. He reiterated the usual detainee complaints about his conditions, but he also seemed curiously disaffected, as if he was only going through the motions of complaining. He was discouraged by the lack of legal process and hinted that he was ready to give up his legal battle altogether. I knew that it was in Khadr's best interest to retain counsel, so I talked to him about the importance of working with lawyers. I was also Canadian, I told him, hoping that we might form a more personal connection. I went on to explain why I chose to work on behalf of detainees: I thought the system was illegal and that it was important to speak out against it. Khadr laughed with me when I said that I would get in trouble if he fired his lawyers immediately after meeting with me. We ended our meeting on a light note.

Not long after our meeting, he actually did fire his lawyers, American civilian attorneys working pro bono on his behalf. I have heard of many detainees in Guantánamo doing the same; I have even been fired by a frustrated client myself. It is the one decision that these prisoners are allowed to make. All others -- when to wake up, when to sleep, when to exercise, when to be interrogated -- are made for them. A Guantánamo detainee cannot even refuse to eat, since if he skips more than three meals he will be force-fed. (Last month, Khadr fired his third set of civilian lawyers. Now, as his trial for murder begins, Khadr is being defended by a single military lawyer who has been on the case less than a year.)

Khadr's trial was about to begin in January 2009, when the newly-inaugurated President Barack Obama ordered a stay of all military commission proceedings. Many believed that Obama would scrap the military commission system altogether, but that May, he announced his plan to revive an improved version of them. The resulting legislation did have better rules limiting the admission of hearsay and evidence obtained through coercion. So Khadr was charged yet again -- this time with murder, attempted murder in violation of the laws of war, conspiracy, providing material support for terrorism, and spying. A military judge ruled this week that almost all of the statements Khadr made to interrogators were reliable, including those made following a threat of rape, and would be admissible at trial.

JANET HAMLIN/AFP/Getty Images

 

Andrea Prasow is senior counterterrorism counsel at Human Rights Watch.

BOREDWELL

9:27 PM ET

August 12, 2010

Khadr,classified as an

Khadr,classified as an "irregular" combatant, killed a US soldier. HOW can anyone be absolutely certain amidst the chaos and gunfire of battle that Khadr, in fact, killed the Sgt.? Even if someone saw him firing, the fatal bullet may not have been his: he may have even killed someone else. Or no one at all. He and the sergeant were both fighting for their lives. Everything about war is "irregular" Including the reasons for fighting one in the first place. We reward some for killing and punish others, like Khadr, for doing the same. Kafkaesque.

 

AARON_WEE

4:49 AM ET

August 13, 2010

What makes a combatant "irregular"?

The world already knows quite a bit about Omar Khadr - his upbringing Canada, the subsequent family move to Pakistan, and his alleged role during the firefight that led to his detainment. We know, too, a lot about the NATO invasion of Afghanistan.

The prosecution's case seems to rest on Khadr's status as an "irregular" combatant. He, perhaps, fits the bill. He was a non-uniformed potential trigger-puller in an unconventional war. Whether or not he was issued a firearm or even expected to use one is debatable. His irregular status seems to rest upon the state in which US forces found him. To the capturing forces, Khadr was fighting for an ideology and an organization deemed criminal by the international community.

He was also, however, probably also fighting for his life. He just did not happen to engage in the rules of warfare that the invading forces believed were prevalent and, to an extent, sacrosanct. Some armies, however, do not have the same luxuries.

I do not wish to get into the motive, ideology, or principles of what the battle was about. But I think I can, in this short write-up, take issue with the definition of what an irregular fighter is.

Non-uniformed and not officially a member of an armed force, Khadr is seen in the eyes of a military tribunal as being an unlawful combatant. In today's wars, it is assumed that every fighter must have some standing orders that govern the visibility and operation of warfighting to bring it up to an internationally agreed-upon legal status. However, as we all know, Afghanistan is not the most ordered place. Uniforms, I suspect, would be a luxury. For all Khadr knew, and probably believed, he (or the people he was around) was fighting for the legal, if rump, government of a collapsed state. Khadr was certainly misled into participating in conflict on behalf of the Taliban but it seems unfair to judge him for his irregular status based on that. Khadr's own capture took place before any semblance of victory could be declared in Afghanistan - 2002 was still only the beginning of the pacification stage. The Taliban, for its part, was never recognized as the legal government and had no interest in declaring an end to hostilities. It was, as it were, still as an undeclared state of war but a war nonetheless.

If, say, Khadr was fighting under the same circumstances in a foreign country, he would be most irregular - a spy, a saboteur, an illegal combatant as it were. But he wasn't.

So what makes him irregular? And by that measure, who else would be?

Tread carefully, commission.

 

AKAMAD

5:25 AM ET

August 13, 2010

Why ?

Why did America torture a child ? The answer is very simple - moral cowardice. Having a constitution is not enough, you need the guts to stick to it.

 

KARIMMOURIDES

2:19 PM ET

August 13, 2010

No room to complain about morality

Who are you to tell the US to behave "morally"? Terrorists like Omar Khadr wouldn't consider battlefield morality for a second. He and his fellow Jihadis have tortured and murdered US soldiers whenever one has had the misfortune to fall into their bloodstained hands. No US soldier could expect the medical care, public assistance and protection he's found as a captive of the US. He and all you sympathizers should pay attention to the outrageous contradiction in this bleeding-heart liberal rant: Khadr was severely wounded and lived, strictly thanks to the US forces who saved his life. No gratitude or recognition coming from him or any of his sympathizers here. The entire muslim world operates on a different morality wavelength, where women are stoned for dubious charges of indiscretion, suspected thieves have limbs amputated and racism is an accepted part of the culture. I have the impression none of you self-righteous wingnuts have faced an enemy that wants to kill you or even been close the the intensity of combat operations, with absolutely no prospect for humane treatment if you were to fall into their hands. Only a self-deceived liberal such as Prasnow could carry the banner for coddled criminals like Khadr. People who think critically see a broader perspective.

 

KARIMMOURIDES

6:47 AM ET

August 14, 2010

Don't overestimate your cleverness

"Are you suggesting"... what amateur argument bait. You sound like the two-dimensional armchair America critics who think America is white and the rest of the world is brown. Look around. America reflects a composite of the world. You've not done much in life, have you?

 

SREEKANTH

4:16 PM ET

August 13, 2010

The only thing to regret here

The only thing to regret here is that Omar may have been tortured in custody. Apart from that, it doesn't matter if he was 15, if he was old enough to pick up a weapon and fire it at our forces, he deserves whatever punishment he gets.

And those who argue that his guilt is still in doubt are living in an alternate universe. Over on Weekly Standard, they have an article,

http://weeklystandard.com/blogs/gitmo-lawyers-argue-exclude-video-evidence-appeared-national-tv

The summary is there is an AQ video showing Omar assembling an IED. Defence wants to exclude that on what seems to me, as a layperson, to be a technicality. But to any reasonable person, the video speaks quite clearly to guilt.

 

AARKY

4:36 PM ET

August 13, 2010

Omar Khadr

We are now down to trying the cooks and recently the driver for Osama Bin Laden as part of these show trials. The military sees no irony in the fact that all the Aghanis and other fighters in that battle were killed by the US military but none of the US military were tried for murdering civilians. Even more hypocrical is that almost 100 men were killed/murdered in captivity using stupid brutish methods by US interrogators and the most severe and rare punishment was six months of very lenient house arrest. President Obama has to take the blame for not stopping these kangaroo courts. He should have charged into the DOD and DOJ with a very sharp hatchet and fired all of the top sleeeper agents left behind by Bush/Cheney as part of their propaganda. The fact that the presiding military judge is willing to allow testimony and confessions obtained by threats of gang rape should be enough to show that the trial has been rigged to obtain a guilty verdict. It's as though Cheney/ Rove and Haynes are still pulling the levers from behind the curtain.

 

JKOLAK

10:00 PM ET

August 13, 2010

Turning reality upside down

Turning reality upside down again. Enjoy your fantasy world.

 

NAIUY

11:01 PM ET

September 11, 2010

.An interesting and well

.An interesting and well written post. Thanks for sharing. As commented above, The authorities certainly seem to have enough to keep him in jail for the next few decades, but if the past year is any indication, it will take more than prison to keep this tycoon away from the company he founded." Search for m2ts converter ? flv to wmv converter. Hulu Downloader

 

JKOLAK

9:53 PM ET

August 13, 2010

I understand it's your job to

I understand it's your job to watch out for human rights, and it's a commendable thing. But the watch needs to be kept in the perspective of its function of keeping our conduct civilized. Nevertheless, the treatment of detainees cannot become an issue that overshadows what these people have done and why they are there.

The legal problem results from the unanswered question of whether we recognize terrorists as a non-state enemy in a legal state of war or as criminals. Either way, they don't get off scott-free. If they are only the enemy, as you suggest, they get to be in a POW prison camp for the duration of the war. Since the war appears that it will never end, it is essentially a life sentence, and well-deserved at that. If he is a convicted criminal, whether for civil or war crimes, then he can pay some additional punishment.

His age is not an issue. There is plenty of precedent for juveniles who commit serious offenses being tried as adults.