It Worked on Saddam

Why patience, not bombs, is the best way to defuse Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

BY ART KELLER | AUGUST 20, 2010

As fears of a nuclear-armed Iran grow in Washington, partisans have clung even tighter to their preferred panaceas. The debate has broken down along predictable lines: Conservatives have advocated a preemptive strike on Iran's nuclear facilities, while senior policymakers in Barack Obama's administration continue to hope that "engagement" can convince the Islamic Republic to voluntarily give up its nuclear ambitions.

Both of these choices, however, ignore the most likely, and most promising, U.S. policy option with regard to Iran: containment. Though a hoary Cold War idea, containment served the United States well as a road map in its long struggle against the Soviet Union. The concept, which was first proposed by the staunch anti-Communist George Kennan, was defined as an ongoing effort to maintain a quiet stranglehold on the Soviet economy, its access to sensitive technology, and its influence abroad. When dealing with an Iranian regime that clearly sees more use in demonizing the United States than in engaging in a meaningful rapprochement, containment has to be the de facto U.S. policy.

Containment would allow U.S. policymakers to leverage the biggest advantage they currently have over the Islamic Republic: time. Despite Iran's steady advances in mastering the uranium enrichment cycle, it still faces two significant impediments to creating a workable nuclear weapons program that are not likely to be resolved any time soon. Iran has repeatedly tried, and repeatedly failed, to build covert facilities beyond the watchful gaze of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors, where uranium could be enriched to the level required to make a nuclear weapon. Such facilities will require a covertly-obtained supply of uranium -- which Iran has also repeatedly tried, and repeatedly failed, to acquire. Iran's current stockpile of uranium is closely monitored by the IAEA. Until Iran can successfully hide a centrifuge facility and then secretly lay hands on a large quantity of uranium to fuel it, its nuclear weapons program will remain stuck in neutral.

Furthermore, there is evidence that containment was not merely a one-time success story during the Cold War, but can also succeed in the context of modern Middle Eastern politics. I witnessed this firsthand as a member of the CIA's Counterproliferation Division, which was charged with gathering intelligence on the state of Saddam Hussein's rogue weapons of mass destruction programs, and taking covert actions to delay their progress. Before the 2003 invasion, the CIA knew that the multilateral sanctions imposed on Iraq were deeply flawed. "Dual-use" goods -- items with both civilian and military applications -- were being smuggled into Iraq from Turkey and elsewhere. As the smuggling continued, Saddam's government was getting its hands on more and more products that could have been used for nefarious purposes.

Based on past experience with Iraq, the CIA made the reasonable assessment that the dual-use goods were probably being used for clandestine WMD programs. The Iraqi regime was smuggling these goods in illicitly, and nobody was prepared to give Saddam the benefit of the doubt.

Majid Saeedi/Getty Images

 

Art Keller is a former case officer of the CIA's National Clandestine Service.

NOMASIR

11:09 PM ET

August 23, 2010

Sometimes Sanctions do Work ... Sometimes

I seriously doubt the sanctions will work this time. I honestly wish they would (I am no war hawk). But, Iran does not believe a popular uprising will overthrow the regime (when they had the chance they got squashed, with not so much as a supportive phone call from the US). Why would they fear another uprising? (Uprising, of course, is the only real fear of sanctions - it's not like these guys actually care about the people.)

http://bethsaidafigtree.wordpress.com/2010/08/22/let-sanctions-work-unless-they-wont/

 

FIRST ADVISOR

11:10 PM ET

August 23, 2010

Unbalanced Wishful Thinking

Mr. Keller's analysis is fatally flawed by numerous fallacies. The first is his assumption that the world remains trapped back in the 1960s, or the 1990s. The USA is still feared by all rational people, just as the Italian Mafia is feared, but the USA is no longer trusted or respected, by any other nation. No nation on Earth will follow the US lead, without Mafia thug threats from Washington, of lethal consequences if they don't.

No nation or people in the world will pay the slightest attention to any UN or US sanction the Americans can't enforce directly, with the use of force or the threat of the use of force. Wherever the hand of the USA is absent, across 10 kilometers of border, there the smugglers will be, making millions in black market profits, and importing and exporting everything people want and need.

Yes, Iran can't build nuclear facilities or import uranium secretly. But Iran has no need to build nuclear facilities or import uranium in secret. There's absolutely nothing the US or the Jews can do to stop the Iranians from conducting the normal business of a normal nation. The Jews keep telling the world that any nation has the right of self-defence, so obviously Iran has the right of self-defence against the aggression and hostility of the USA and the Jews. Iran has no need for any more justification than a figleaf protest that their intent is purely peaceful, to gain and hold the support of virtually the entire world, against the foaming-at-the-mouth protests of the USA and the Jews. Very few people in the world think a large nuke dropped on Tel Aviv would be a bad thing to see. Probably 90 percent of the planet's population would rejoice, and dance with jubilation in their streets.

At the same time, it is easily possible that the nuclear program of Iran is merely a diversion, and they have been stockpiling biologics like smallpox, anthrax, and nerve gas underneath their mountains for the past 10 or 20 years. The plants for biologics are far easier to conceal than nuclear facilities, and the delivery system for biologics weapon is far simpler and cheaper than the missile design for a nuclear warhead.

Mr. Keller is only seeing what he wants to see. He is oblivious to the reality of the world, which completely contradicts his viewpoint. Despite decades of evidence, the Americans and the Jews still don't understand that the rest of the world disagrees with them.

 

A BALANCED VIEW

12:21 AM ET

August 24, 2010

As Ehud Barak pointed out not

As Ehud Barak pointed out not terribly long ago, even a nuclear Iran is no real threat to Israel. I concur. They are absolutely not a threat to the US either.

While its worth it to try to discourage Iran from going nuclear, there is no method of stopping them from doing so if they are determined regradless of sanctions, ect.

To be sure, a pointless war with Iran would be bad for them, even devastating, but it would also be economically devastating for us, as oil prices would sky rocket and remain so for as long as gulf traffic were threatened, which they ( and interested others) could sustain for a long time. Think $500 per barrel.

 

DANNY BLACK

1:05 PM ET

August 24, 2010

Barak is an idiot

The fact he said - assuming he did and it is not a fake quote - is reason to believe the opposite. After all he claimed that if Israel left Lebanon then all its problems with Hizbollah would end.

What makes you think oil would rocket to 500USD? What makes you think that for any extended period of time the Iranians could close the Straits?

 

A BALANCED VIEW

8:05 AM ET

August 25, 2010

It's a real quote. Google it.

It's a real quote. Google it. Barak said it, because it is true; Israel is not threatened in the least bit by a nuclear Iran. In fact, all that happens is that Israel cannot so credibly threaten THEM any more. Unlike Israel, Iran has not attacked another country for about 250 years.

The aspirations of the current ultra right wing regime in Israel is t start this war, and then use it as an excuse to do HORRIBLE things to the Palestinians, the lebanese, and the Syrians. They will more than likely ethnically cleanse the West Bank and East Jerusalem (in the fog of war, claiming attacks from those areas) and pummel both Lebanon and Syria. A regional war sparked by an unwarranted attack on Iran is the wet dream of every ultra right win Israeli Fanatic (ie, Lieberman and Netanyahu). They could honestly care less about the massive suffering that they would cause in the region, around the globe, and the depression it would spark in the US.

Regarding the massive price increases, the only thing that the Iranians (and those that would work with them under the worst case scenario) would have to do is to credibly THREATEN to shut down gulf traffic, and the price would soar. When they occasionally succeeded in blowing up a tanker or two, the traders would have your $500 price built in in NO TIME. Frankly, I think if attacked, they could do more damage in the Gulf than that, but that is sufficient for massive negative consequences due to the commodity markets ability to dramatically ratchet up prices when even small threats of supply problems become credible. This would be a VERY big, and ongoing threat.

Two guys in a fast dingy with c4 could do a lot of damage, as would missile technology, small subs, and general guerrilla tactics.

 

SOLARIAN

6:45 AM ET

August 24, 2010

Containment?

This article doesn't recognise as well as it might the determination of the hardliners/IRGC to acquire the bomb, for which they ensured their candidate won in the last election and for which they have already been willing to undergo sanctions without any real signs of compromise. The country might start collapsing around them, but evidently they are willing to risk that if it means they can carry on enrichment and ignore the Additional Safeguards, and if they think they can get the bomb before a political collapse. The power of the IRGC and Basij in Iran (just like the Republican Guard and Fedayeen in Iraq) enables them to crush any opposition in the meantime, and the nuclear programme has popular support both inside Iran and amongst the Iranian diaspora, having been well-propagandized by the regime and fitting well within the strongly independent and nationalist sentiments of all relevant sections of Iranian society.

And it may not take too long for Iran to produce a bomb, probably within Ahmadinejad's term of office and maybe within Obama's term. The suggestion on page 3 of this article that military intervention would only be justified if Iran were to build a bomb and if it were believed they intended to use it is clearly nonsense, and the author of this article would (were that to transpire) doubtless argue that we shouldn't risk a confrontation with a nuclear state, along with anyone else with an interest in their own continued survival. What is really being envisaged is a DPRK-like situation of containment with the hope that Iran's young population would somehow come to our rescue eventually. But those in Iran who had built the bomb would become heroes, the Islamic revolution would be secure for another 20 years and the outward- rather than inward-looking Iran would (rather than facing serious isolation after breakout) necessarily have to be engaged in the region on a diplomatic level that would tend towards growing acceptance of the regime. This would seem to be the strategy adopted by the hardliners in Tehran, who view nuclear weaponization as the route towards greater power in the Middle East and are willing to endure economic hardship to achieve it -- something this article doesn't recognise.

That would lead to a situation where many other nations would feel compelled to follow in Iran's footsteps.

The choice is thus a stark one: between a strong Iran and a nuclear-armed Middle East and the risk of a pre-emptive attack, with all the military and diplomatic retaliation that would result. "Containment", in order to *be* containment and not just weakness, has to include military action at this very late stage in the game. Furthermore, whilst it is wrong to suppose that the Iranian opposition movement is inherently opposed to the nationalistic sentiments of the regime, also the supposition that Iran's pseudo-democratic process cannot iron out the internal human rights issues without caving in on their foreign policy objectives is an evidence-free supposition. In this, as in previous articles proclaiming the danger to the Green movement of an attack, the Iranian reformists are a red herring. Iran is well aware of this, and Western support for the Green movement is being used effectively by the hardliners to cow the West. We must engage with the Green movement, but only insofar as to illustrate Western concerns and prepare them to drop some of their scruples and take advantage of military action if and when that occurs -- a difficult proposition, but one that would make all the difference if successful.

 

DANNY BLACK

11:45 AM ET

August 24, 2010

Except it DIDN'T work on Saddam

There are exactly two reasons Saddam didn't get nukes - The 1981 raid on Osarak by the IAF and the first Gulf War.

Oh and in case the author of this article hasn't noticed the West has been talking to Iran about exactly this issue for 8 years.

 

NICHOLAS WIBBERLEY

2:22 PM ET

August 24, 2010

Time and the hour.

And what is 8 years to a nation ten times as old as the US and fifty times as old as Israel?

 

YELLOWPI

4:51 PM ET

August 27, 2010

Iran

U.S., Iran by Revolutionary Guards supplant government in order to create a military dictatorship, he believes.
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