Yes, America Is Exporting Terrorism

Why the latest WikiLeaks revelations matter.

BY PAUL R. PILLAR | AUGUST 26, 2010

Partly because the deadliest attack in the history of modern international terrorism was against the United States, Americans tend to see their own country as the center of the counterterrorist universe. It was a U.S. president who declared a "war on terror," led by the United States. Although U.S. officials have said a lot about international cooperation, the cooperation they have had in mind has been mostly a matter of the United States leading, pushing, or insisting, and other countries conforming or complying. The same U.S. president summarized his standard for other countries' counterterrorist performance with the phrase "either you are with us or you are with the terrorists" -- the "us" of course being the United States -- and the United States has shown a tendency to lord that standard over its foreign counterterrorist partners. The transition from George W. Bush to Barack Obama has softened these hard edges, but Americans still take a very U.S.-centric approach to the subject.

Some of the American exceptionalism on counterterrorism began even before the attacks of September 11, 2001. Legislation in the 1980s claimed extraterritorial jurisdiction for U.S. courts and U.S. law enforcement agencies regarding any terrorist act in which U.S. persons or interests were victims. Clearly, if every other state made a similar claim, the result would be legal chaos. Think about what the U.S. reaction would be if, say, France claimed jurisdiction over a terrorist crime that a U.S. citizen committed on American soil, in which a visiting Frenchman happened to be one of the casualties.

Because the overwhelming U.S. concern understandably has been with terrorism within the United States and above all terrorist acts -- like 9/11 -- perpetrated within the United States by foreigners, terrorism by U.S. citizens has been a jarring note that has not fit into most of the tunes Americans have been playing about fighting terrorism -- many of which, having to do with such things as no-fly lists for international flights, have focused specifically on keeping foreign terrorists out of the United States. Especially ill-fitting have been several cases over the last couple of years involving Americans traveling abroad to commit terrorism in other countries such as Pakistan and India, including terrorism against non-American targets. A noteworthy example is the surveillance that Pakistani-American David Headley performed in support of the gruesome attack by Lashkar-e-Taiba in Mumbai in November 2008, which killed at least 160 people.

The U.S. export of terrorism calls into question the high -- perhaps sometimes impossibly high -- standard to which Washington holds other governments in controlling what emanates from their territories. U.S. officials might not say "either you are with us or you are with the terrorists" anymore, but it still is considered not enough for governments to refrain from sponsoring or supporting terrorism. They are expected to do whatever it takes to prevent their citizens from committing terrorist acts abroad, with little American patience for excuses about how difficult it is to control borders or the activities of private individuals. To the extent this is the U.S. standard, the United States itself has failed it.

Scott Olson/Getty Images

 

Paul R. Pillar, a retired intelligence officer who was deputy chief of the Counterterrorist Center at the CIA, is on the faculty of the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University. He blogs at http://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar.

TAO_WOLF

8:33 PM ET

August 26, 2010

Off-base?

Which U.S.-based terrorist groups or individuals performing acts of terror overseas are you referring to (any citations or examples)?

None were named in the entire article although extremely relevant to your expressed argument/opinion... why?

I'm just not aware of any foreign countries actively complaining of actual U.S. terrorists/citizens/paramilitaries uncontrollably crossing out of the U.S. to attack their citizens with any frequency or organization. Which is what your solution would seek to prevent; but would in reality actually just be a wasted, non-useful effort from a risk management perspective as well as the perspective of other governments and people.

 

AMASIAM

9:58 PM ET

August 26, 2010

US terrorists

That would be the US military, CIA, hired killers aka mercenaries, and assassination squads in countries such as Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Columbia, et al.

 

JKOLAK

11:49 AM ET

August 27, 2010

"US terrorists That would be

"US terrorists
That would be the US military, CIA, hired killers aka mercenaries, and assassination squads in countries such as Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Columbia, et al."

This type of propaganda is better suited to a Taliban or jihadi web site than a serious foreign policy blog. At least it would receive a favorable reception there.

 

TAO_WOLF

8:00 PM ET

August 27, 2010

@AMASIAM

Yes, we're all aware of political rhetoric that equates every three letter government agency, and everything under the sun, to 'terrorism'. However, rhetoric is not the concern of the article (which concentrates on stopping classic terrorists from leaving US territory), and is why I didn't bother to include it in my response originally.

 

BOYTHREEONE

2:15 PM ET

August 28, 2010

Did you read the actual articles before you post comments?

"A noteworthy example is the surveillance that Pakistani-American David Headley performed in support of the gruesome attack by Lashkar-e-Taiba in Mumbai in November 2008, which killed at least 160 people."

The article is about US arrogance, as is clearly embodied in such citizenry as you represent. Nowhere does it suggest that hordes of US terrorists are flooding into foreign countries. It's about holding others to an impossible standard which we ourselves are unable to meet, as well as presuming ourselves to be arbiters of the world.

 

AMASIAM

9:41 PM ET

August 26, 2010

Pot and Kettle

Mr.Pillar is correct in as far as this article remonstrates. However, Mr. Pillar fails to note that both the United States and its European allies have been exporting terrorism (religious and economic) for centuries, and continue to do so. Sharing information and stopping United States except-us-ism while attempting to police foreign populations and control and consume the worlds resources will do nothing to halt the ever escalating levels of hatred and violence confronting all of us. If the western world truly wants to stop terrorism, it will have to stop exporting terrorism.

 

TAO_WOLF

8:22 PM ET

August 27, 2010

Rhetoric, why?

Please cite some references of casualties as far as the export of economic terrorism. Likewise, please cite which specific official religion(s) the U.S. and Europe is exporting through terrorism.

Also, what are you doing using energy to get on the internet to post comments - doesn't that make you one of these 'terrorists' that are consuming the world's resources? Maybe you could imprison yourself for your 'crimes against humanity' for the times you've ridden in or driven a car as well you evil 'terrorist'.

 

REBELS8

9:56 PM ET

August 26, 2010

Foreign countries sometimes help the U.S. with rendtions.

In this article: "It cites the example of Italy issuing criminal warrants in 2005 for the arrest of U.S. officials involved in the abduction and rendering to Egypt of an Egyptian cleric. Again, think of the roles being reversed: It would be a subject of great outrage, to put it mildly, in the United States if Italian officers were found to have secretly abducted someone from U.S. soil and flown him out to be locked up in someone else's prison. "

The abduction and rendition in Italy was helped by Italian intelligence agents, some of whom were also charged by the prosecutor in the case, but most were acquitted or had their charges dropped, while most of the American CIA officers were convicted, and therefore can't ever return to Italy. The Italian government tried to get the prosecutor and the judge to drop the case, but they refused.

 

ALLENELI

10:40 AM ET

August 27, 2010

On universal jurisdiction

"Think about what the U.S. reaction would be if, say, France claimed jurisdiction over a terrorist crime that a U.S. citizen committed on American soil, in which a visiting Frenchman happened to be one of the casualties."

This is precisely what's happening between France and Rwanda regarding the downing of Habyarimana's plane in 1994, in which a handful of French nationals were on board.

Pillar's statement about the resulting legal chaos is correct -- it raises questions about the viability of claims to universal jurisdiction, and even tangentially, the long-term viability of institutions like the International Criminal Court.

 

JKOLAK

11:53 AM ET

August 27, 2010

"They are expected to do

"They are expected to do whatever it takes to prevent their citizens from committing terrorist acts abroad, with little American patience for excuses about how difficult it is to control borders or the activities of private individuals."

We are not talking so much about the supervision of private individuals as asking for a willingness to go after known terrorist organizations. Pakistani military support for terrorists crossing into Kashmir and the recent deal in FATA to leave terrorists alone as long as they only attack in Afghanistan are unacceptable.

"It would be a subject of great outrage, to put it mildly, in the United States if Italian officers were found to have secretly abducted someone from U.S. soil and flown him out to be locked up in someone else's prison."

This type of case, in which government officials act for their governments in their official capacities are foreign relations cases to be negotiated between the respective governments, not matters for the individual officers to be tried in foreign courts of law.