What America Left Behind in Iraq

It's even uglier than you think.

BY NIR ROSEN | SEPTEMBER 7, 2010

Click here for images of Iraq: Obama's inherited war.

Hundreds of cars waiting in the heat to slowly pass through one of the dozens of checkpoints and searches they must endure every day. The constant roar of generators. The smell of fuel, of sewage, of kabobs. Automatic weapons pointed at your head out of military vehicles, out of SUVs with tinted windows. Mountains of garbage. Rumors of the latest assassination or explosion. Welcome to the new Iraq, same as the old Iraq -- even if Barack Obama has declared George W. Bush's Operation Iraqi Freedom over and announced the beginning of his own Operation New Dawn, and Iraq's Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has declared Iraq sovereign and independent.

Iraq has had several declarations of sovereignty since the first one in June 2004. As with earlier milestones, it's not clear what exactly this one means. Since the Americans have declared the end of combat operations, U.S. Stryker and MRAP vehicles can be seen conducting patrols without Iraqi escorts in parts of the country and the Americans continue to conduct unilateral military operations in Mosul and elsewhere, even if under the guise of "force protection" or "countering improvised explosive devices." American military officers in Iraq told me they were irate with the politically driven announcement from the White House that combat troops had withdrawn. Those remaining still consider themselves combat troops, and commanders say there is little change in their rules of engagement -- they will still respond to threats pre-emptively.

Iraq is still being held back from full independence -- and not merely by the presence of 50,000 U.S. soldiers. The Status of Forces Agreement, which stipulates that U.S. forces will be totally out by 2011, deprives Iraq of full sovereignty. The U.N.'s Chapter 7 sanctions force Iraq to pay 5 percent of its oil revenues in reparations, mostly to the Kuwaitis, denying Iraqis full sovereignty and isolating them from the international financial community. Saudi and Iranian interference, both political and financial, has also limited Iraq's scope for democracy and sovereignty. Throughout the occupation, major decisions concerning the shape of Iraq have been made by the Americans with no input or say by the Iraqis: the economic system, the political regime, the army and its loyalties, the control over airspace, and the formation of all kinds of militias and tribal military groups. The effects will linger for decades, regardless of any future milestones the United States might want to announce.

The Americans, meanwhile, worry about losing their leverage at a time when concerns still run high about a renewed insurgency, Shiite militias, and the explosion of the Arab-Kurdish powder keg everybody's been talking about for the last seven years. Many in the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad wonder what Obama's vision for Iraq is. By the summer of 2006, Bush woke up every day and wanted to know what was happening in Iraq. Obama is much more detached.

Warrick Page/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS: IRAQ, MIDDLE EAST
 

Nir Rosen is a fellow at the New York University Center on Law and Security and author of the forthcoming book Aftermath: Following the Bloodshed of America's Wars in the Muslim World. Research for this article was supported by the Nation Institute.

MALICEIT

8:59 PM ET

September 7, 2010

Well...

...what the hell did you expect ? When Americans were running from Vietnam they left a mess also. i think some of US leaders should pick up a textbook again.

 

CHUNKYNUT

7:27 AM ET

September 8, 2010

Hey?

"Since the occupation began in 2003, more than 70,000 Iraqis have been killed. Many more have been injured. There are millions of new widows and orphans."
Surely the first sentence conflicts with the last? 70,000 dead doesn't make 1,000,000 widows and orphans.

 

WASLOVE

8:40 AM ET

September 8, 2010

70000 is the official figure

70000 is the official figure given, the author understands the real figure is much higher. Regardless, Muslim men have multiple wives and multiple children from each wife.

 

KATRINAT

10:12 AM ET

September 8, 2010

Return to Authoritarianism? Hardly

First I would like to commend Mr. Rosen for his excellent analysis on the intracies of Iraqi politics. The regional dynamics are complex, and this provides a great explanation. However, I do take issue with this part:

" The lack of services means the government will face street-level dissatisfaction and become harsher and more dictatorial in response -- even if a democratic façade persists."

There is an astounding lack of services in Iraq, with barley 50 per cent of people receiving electricity. However, during the protests this year, the government did not crack down - but lo and behold, the Iraqi energy minister resigned! (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/22/world/middleeast/22iraq.html) Imagine that - a public servant can't deliver, and yields to popular demands for his resignation! What a harsh, dictatorial response!

There are many issues that will continue to plague Iraqi politicans. However, there is also a lot that has been accomplished in terms of development and democratization that often goes overlooked.

 

JKOLAK

11:52 AM ET

September 8, 2010

Perhaps some valid

Perhaps some valid information here, but a better article is here:

Victory in Iraq

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/articles/20100907.aspx

Casualty count is bad too.

"About 100,000 Iraqi civilians died, but over a third of these were members of terrorist groups (mostly Sunni, including al Qaeda). Another ten percent were members of various anti-terrorist militias. The U.S. tried to identify as many dead enemy fighters as it could, but those numbers are currently classified. Based on information that did leak out, it's clear that the terrorist groups lost over 30,000 people. Most of the civilians were killed by terrorists, most of the terrorist deaths were caused by American troops."

(from:

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htwin/20100830.aspx

 

BEEFMANNING

12:54 PM ET

September 8, 2010

Easy on the sovereignty argument

The author claims that Iraq does not have full sovereignty due to the Status of Forces agreement and the lingering UN sanctions. I would argue that no country that participates in the global economy has full sovereignty. Certainly none of the EU members have the sort of Vattelian sovereignty for which the author pines.

The Iraqis are sovereign. They are recognized as a sovereign state by the international community. They have the final say regarding policies within their borders. They have some ability to guard their own borders. They can sign agreements (like the SOFA) as a de jure member of the international system.

While there is a mess remaining, waiting for the author's "full sovereignty" metric to be achieved tells us nothing about the condition of the Iraqi state.

 

SIDROCK23

1:05 PM ET

September 8, 2010

american stupidity and cowardness

the iraq war is just another example of continious american stupidity. first it was america who put sadam in power, then it was america who gave sadam all his lethal weapons (whichy they would go and whine about later on) during the iran-iraq war.then during the first gulf war when the shias and kurds stood up and were ready to take on sadam with the U.S' encouragement and help, the americans ran home to their mommies and left the shias and kurds to be slaughtered by sadam. so while the americans were back home getting drunk in their trailer parks, sadaam went on an murder spree. this time the americans stupidly invaded iraq based in lies and about WMD and links to al-qaeda. although they caught sadam looked what they did afterward. they left iraq to be raped by al-qaeda, iran, saudi arabia. they looted iraqs museums and palaces and they freed every criminal in iraq from the prisons. this report pretty much sums up what iraq is now. i hope one day the iraqis pay back the americans for wha they did to them.

 

SIDROCK23

1:07 PM ET

September 8, 2010

real hero of the iraq war

the real hero of the iraq was the jounralist who threw his shoes at george bush. those shoes were not only throw and bush but all of america.

 

JAYDEE001

4:27 PM ET

September 8, 2010

Frankly my dear N. Rosen, I don't give a dammed!

This was a war that should never have been fought, an occupation that should never have been undertaken, a half-assed effort at nation-building that once again proves that you cannot build a 'nation' without the spirited consent and cooperation of the people.

All the debate over how many Iraqis were killed is a sad reminder that the US was not as interested in Iraqi freedom, individual rights and sovereignty as it was interested in western hegemony.

We will see in the coming years the pitiful results of our own arrogance and short-sightedness. It is very unlikely that any real government can be formed without the Sadrists, and we ignore them; the Kurdish people will be abandonned to their fate, either at the hands of the majority Shiite or the Turks, and their dream of an autonomous Turkish state will be lost as well. Iran is very likely to be the biggest winner in all of this, as their influence in the Middle East grows, and their ability to cause mischief expands.

We encouraged 'democracy' in Iran, but will ignore the results of any election that does not produce a government to our liking. We will be lucky to get out without further embarrasment. Many in the US probably believe the Iraqis should be grateful that we rid them of Saddam and his brutal henchment. Last week, I heard an Iraqi street vendor tell an interviewer that Iraq needed a strongman "like Saddam, but better".

This war that was going to be fought on the cheap, "paid for with Iraqi oil" (Rumsfeld - what a joke), to expose Saddam's treachery to the world, has cost not just 4400 US lives and many more injured, but probably will cost US taxpayers close to a trillion $ when all the costs are paid. The allegations that there were WMD and that al Qaeda was somehow allied to the Iraqi leadership have been exposed as the biggest frauds ever perpetrated to justify a military adventure. 2011 and the removal of the remainder of our troops cannot possibly come soon enough.

Yes, we are probably leaving behind a mess. That's what conquerors do when they tire of their conquests. If Iraq is to become a better nation, time for its people to get of their asses and make it so. We are (hopefully) done!

 

QUBES

8:20 PM ET

September 8, 2010

muqtada? death numbers? blame?

Nir Rosen
You mention the Sadrists often but never mention their leader (nor that of the Kurds). I realize space is limited, but are we to assume Muqtada al-Sadr is out of the picture completely? Last I heard here in FP, he was the leader of the Sadrists and meeting with Allawi.

I am annoyed by the pointless numbers debate that you started here because of your lowball figure of 70, 000 Iraqis killed. At least you might of qualified it by saying "killed in action" or cite the source. There is much more interesting info in this piece and you must have known that such a low number would cause people to aggrandize the subject. It was a shit ton of deaths, it comes with war and was not close to the death toll just in Cambodia, when the Khmer Rouge was an indirect cause of the Vietnam War.

It's a given: We destabilize and allow the people of underdeveloped nations — once called savages by colonial governments and still considered inferior in Western society— to wipe one another out. Then we can sit back and look proper and forthright by comparison. It was a pretty good strategy for staying superior until we started trying to put a humanitarian face on our wars with COIN doctrine.

What would be interesting would be to find out whom most Iraqis blame for the 'literally countless' deaths. Are we creating tons of new terrorists as so many have claimed about Afghanistan civilian deaths? Or do Iraqis blame who they think perpetrated the suicide bomb that killed their cousin?

 

LAVBO0321

10:54 PM ET

September 8, 2010

You can thank Iran

If Iraq was an island, our troops would have come home five years ago. But Iran had to come uninvited to our party.

Six months before we moved on Baghdad, (we were already in Iraq, for about 12 years), Iran began to prepare the battlefield. Smuggling in arms, ammo, demo, manuals, and communications. They seeded Iraq for a major 'insurgency'.

After we liberated Iraq from the worst mongrel in history, Iran went to work.

We ignored it due to not wanting to expand the war.

Our war with the Islamic Republic of Iran will come soon enough and a lot of scores will be settled.

God Willing.

 

JAYDEE001

11:12 AM ET

September 9, 2010

The last thing we need or can afford is another war in the ME

Referring to the Iraq invasion and occupation as "our party" shows a distinct lack of understanding of how tragic the war has been for all parties - not to mention the unmittigated arrogance of US power. Believing that Iran was totally behind the Iraq insurgency ignores the purely Sunni reaction to the US invasion, occupation and removal of the minority Sunni from power in the country, and is similar to the allegations of WMD in Iraq that falsely justified our invasion in the first place.

If we are to start a war with Iran, it will be out of total disregard for the consequences, for ourselves and for the world at large. As difficult as the wars in Iraq and Afghnistan have been, they would pale in comparison to what we would encounter in any war with Iran. Iran has three times the population of Iraq; the revolutionary guard would constitute an immediate insurgency force better organized and armed than the demoralized and disorganized resistance posed by Saddam's defeated Sunni forces; Iran has forces it can call on in Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, probably in Yemen, and Gaza that it could unleash to attack our interests in those countries; Iran could shut down Hormuz in a matter of days, and cut off 20% of the world's oil.

Who do we fight after we fail in Iran? Let's keep up the 'global war with Islamic terrorism' wherever we suspect it might be, and see if we run out of soldiers and money before they run out of volunteers willing to die for their cause. Iran is a war we do not want.

 

LAVBO0321

2:21 PM ET

September 9, 2010

Iran is the End Game

There is no one left after Iran. Iran is the Alpha and the Omega of the worlds trouble with the ME.

Perhaps Pakistan.

 

JAYDEE001

4:28 PM ET

September 9, 2010

Iran is the endgame - then perhaps Pakistan?

That's the problem for those who believe in 'American Exceptionalism' and that we have a right to smite any nation within which we can manufacture a threat to our security. After Pakistan, there would be someone else we want to pick a fight with. Lebanon? Syria? Yemen? Turkey? N Korea? All likely candidates, but with a volunteer army and limited treasury, not as likely we could last long enough.

We engineered the rise of the Shah to power in Iran and look at the legacy it left us. We welcomed the assistance of the ISI when it came to using them and their Taliban allies to drive the Soviets out of Afghanistan; we provided arms to the Taliban fighters when bin Laden was helping finance them during the war to oust the Soviets - look at our reward. We have kissed the hand of several Saudi potentates for decades - and 15 of the 19 hijackers on 9-11 were Saudis. We invaded and occupied Iraq because of false (manufactured) 'intelligence' that said Saddam had WMD, and look at the cost of that so far. We keep shooting ourself in the foot and claiming that someone else pulled the trigger.

At some point, we need to understand our limitations, or it will surely be our undoing.

 

BUDAHH

11:39 PM ET

September 8, 2010

FP you guys keep removing my comments and I don't understand why

they are not offensive or racist like a lot of the bloggers here on FP please explain ?

 

NICHOLAS WIBBERLEY

2:40 PM ET

September 9, 2010

What won't go away

The perspective here is distorted. If you embark upon a process that proves ill advised, you withdraw from it. It’s like you go down a cul-de-sac; you back out if you have sense but you don’t try to break out the sides. The US has done quite enough damage in Iraq and it needs to leave, which means leave altogether, even close the embassy for five of more years and let the nation heal. This article is like a rapist, having broken in, done his stuff, picked up the valuables and trashed the place, turning round and advising the victim on colour coordination and the choice of new drapes.

I doubt it will get much coverage in the US media but the big story elsewhere is five US soldiers in Afghanistan arrested for what is described as ‘fun killings’, which apparently included cutting the fingers off the corpses for souvenirs. In addition there is that guy in Florida who plans a bonfire of Korans on Saturday. The US is one nation, and one part simply cannot sit on a high stool in a state of intellectual detachment and moral schizophrenia totally oblivious to the murk and mess swirling around the rest of it.

If the US really wants to conquer the world it would be better left to Hollywood, MacDonald’s, Cola and jeans

 

DANIELLA

11:51 AM ET

September 30, 2010

Iraq did not fund anything,

Iraq did not fund anything, we claimed they had weapons of mass destruction (which we sold to them) then when they wouldn't give them up we invaded them and are still occupying them. Also, if this? was about who funded terrorists why aren't we invading Saudi Arabia or Pakistan (look it up). Also, who cares about our casualty rate when during this war 110,000 Iraqi clasament liga 1 Civilians (actual body count) have been killed in violence and estimates of the real numbers range from 150,000-600,000.

 

YARINSIZ

8:04 AM ET

October 4, 2010

The Iraqis are sovereign.

The Iraqis are sovereign. They are recognized as a sovereign state by the international community. They have the final say regarding policies within their borders. sesli They have some ability to guard their own borders. They can sign agreements (like the SOFA) as a de jure member of the international system.