Remembering Samuel Huntington

A man of towering intellect, who never shied away from going for the jugular.

BY FAREED ZAKARIA | JANUARY 5, 2011

The first time I met Sam Huntington, I was not yet his student; I was an intern for the New Republic. I was still an undergraduate at Yale, and there was a peculiar campaign being waged by a Yale math professor named Serge Lang to deny Sam Huntington a seat in the National Academy of Sciences. I was intrigued by the whole thing, so I went to interview Huntington.

He was more troubled by the campaign than I would have ever imagined. The basic premise was this: Sam was a hawk in general, and during the Vietnam War, he had written a number of pieces, including a long report for the government and a couple of articles in Foreign Affairs, on the matter. Lang believed that this made him effectively a war criminal and argued that Sam should therefore not be part of the National Academy of Sciences. In fact, while he was a hawk on this particular issue, Sam was actually on the dovish side of the debate. He was arguing that the United States needed a much more political, rather than military, strategy in Vietnam. But Lang was fixated on one page of Sam's work.

What I remember most, however, isn't the details of the case, but how transfixed I was just sitting there talking to Huntington, thinking to myself, "this is so fascinating." He was able to take policy debates and frame them in a much broader theoretical context. Sam was able to explain to you what confirms and what falsifies your argument.

A couple of years later, as a Ph.D. student at Harvard, I started working for Sam myself.

Today, in commemoration of Huntington's work at Harvard, I imagine the question for most of you is why you should care about Sam Huntington and why you should read his books. I think more than anything else, Sam Huntington represented the view that social science is about connecting two large variables: the dependent and independent variable. Sam would often say to me, "You have to find a big independent variable and a big dependent variable." In other words, you've got to start with something big to explain. If you're trying to explain something trivial, who cares? Then, if you try to explain the French Revolution, you have to have a powerful reason to explain it. If you have 19 reasons that explain the French Revolution, nobody cares. He once said to me, "If you tell people the world is complicated, you're not doing your job as a social scientist. They already know it's complicated. Your job is to distill it, simplify it, and give them a sense of what is the single, or what are the couple, of powerful causes that explain this powerful phenomenon."

That's always stayed with me as the central insight that Sam Huntington had for his students, particularly at a time, and in an academic profession, in which the instinct was to go for the capillary rather than the jugular. Sam always went for the jugular. If you look at his books, he always asked, what are the biggest things in the world that need to be explained? And what do I think is going on there? He did it with post-colonial development, with American politics when it seemed to be spiraling out of control in the 1970s, with the end of the Cold War, where he saw a resurgence of ethnic and religious identity. Whether you agree or disagree with his conclusions, what is striking is how he never shied away from taking on big questions. Walter Lippmann once said, "Most people mumble because they are afraid of the sound of their own voices." When you put yourself out there, people will disagree with you, and Sam had his fair share of that. People disagreed with him vigorously, but he was trying to shed some very powerful light on what was going on in the world. And he did so in so many different fields.

wikipedia.org

 

Fareed Zakaria is editor-at-large of Time magazine. This November 2010 speech at Harvard University was adapted for FP with permission from the author.

KRYPTER

1:49 PM ET

January 6, 2011

Fantastic

Character shapes ideals, and with the right ideals a brilliant mind can change entire fields, as did Prof Huntington. Thank you for the description of his character; I like him even more as a person now than as a thinker. His Clash of Civilizations (article and book) changed my entire worldview.

 

JKOLAK

7:59 PM ET

January 7, 2011

Thanks for sharing your

Thanks for sharing your insights.

I think in many ways, though, the clash of civilizations is just the same old clash of civilization vs barbarism, humanitas vs barbaritas.

 

BASHY QURAISHY

5:59 PM ET

January 8, 2011

Remembering Samuel Huntington

Of course, Fareed Zakaria would praise Samuel Huntington as a man of towering intellect, who never shied away from going for the jugular.
He might well be so but when he visited Copenhagen few years ago and gave a lecture at the Copenhagen University on his no debunked theme: The clash of civilisations, I challenged him to explain to me, as to on which common grounds, he was lumping 60 diverse Muslim countries as a civilization and what empirical evidence he had. He could not even answer such simple questions.

The fact remains that some neo-con intellectuals have a hobby. Invent an enemy, go out and beat them, occupy the land and siphon their natural resources for a dollar. Iraq is a clear example of it.
So dear Fareed, do sing songs for Mr. Huntington, but be honest and look beyond student-teacher bond.

Kind regards.

 

ZIRCO

10:39 PM ET

January 9, 2011

Replying to Bashy Quraishy

"I challenged him to explain to me, as to on which common grounds, he was lumping 60 diverse Muslim countries as a civilization and what empirical evidence he had"

1. All Muslims worship in the direction of the Mecca.
2. The notion of a binding community ("Ummah") is a central tenet of Islam
3. Islam itself was born out of the notion of "Islamic Brotherhood" that supposedly binds all Muslims
4. Every Muslim is expected to pray five times a day and make at least one pilgrimage to the holy towns of Mecca and Medina.

Enough empirics there to count for a civilization.

 

PROFESSIONAL NOMAD

12:01 PM ET

January 10, 2011

Nonsense

The world according to Zirco:

1. Christians accept that Jesus Christ is Lord and Savior.
2. Christians are taught to see each other as brothers and sisters in Christ.
3. Christians are expected to keep the Sabbath holy and to come together in communal worship according to the Commandment, in Jesus' name and memory.
4. The US, Moldova, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo all have majority-Christian populations.
5. Ergo, all three are equal constituent members of "Christian" civilization.

 

COUNTCHOCULA1011

2:09 PM ET

January 10, 2011

Lol, utterly perfect rebuttal

Let's face Huntington for what he was: a foreign policy hack who just happened to put forward an argument which helps further the imperialistic ambitions of an overzealous US government around the world. His "civilizations" argument is weak at best, if not completely asinine. It's time to ignore him and his predecessors like Zakaria--the elite's foreign policy lapdog.

 

SHAKIR

1:52 PM ET

January 10, 2011

Shakir Mumtaz

it is good piece. However, surprisingly it has done no good to you. You are still a petty Pakistan Hater. You are boasting about a country which does not want to own you. your shabana Aazmi and anothe son of a Nawab can not even buy a flat in Mumbai. Be a Human firs and then a muslm, if you still are.
and then be an American like sam who stood for the truth and not the CNN policy line.

 

DOMNULEDOCTOR

3:52 PM ET

January 10, 2011

Huntington's end-stage social pseudo-science

Huntington's "towering intellect" is made obvious by him many "towers" but his last Tower of Babel, CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS, seemed more like a Hollywoodian production rather than a tower of empirical rectitude. He, like many Americans, thought that a superficial grasp of other societies+his credentials amounted to more than enough to go into fantasies and generalizations in order to sell half-baked ideas at the expense of problems understanding and solving. Perhaps, his old age and heath forced him into looking at the momentum of abstractions rather than the fragility of what seems to be the latest trend in polarization. The social forces he saw as so forceful, in fact, were and are very vulnerable to the attraction of modernization and not so well glued together in tradition that only the force of American arms could crush them in hope of building something new from the rubble. As I recall, his Vietnam perspective was much the same. What he failed to realize is that America was not fighting old enemies but rather revolutions. As a result, America fought as if its enemy were familiar ones not revolutionary forces. And so, it fought COUNTERinsurgency—then as now—under the direction of military mediocrities rather than counterrevolution led by its most perceptive and creative intellectuals. Today, we see that the Americanized South Vietnamese youth still overwhelms the Communized youth of North Vietnam, despite the North's power of the gun under Soviet and Chinese advisors.

Zakaria, whom I always watch on TV in hope that he might at some point become interesting, is a cross between TV showman and quasi-intellectual. One might think this is his CNN persona, but, like Fukuyama, this is his hype-intellect persona since he rose to prominence as editor of Foreign Affairs. It is little wonder then that he should so highly praise his mentor who, in his later years, sought attention with hype rather than with substantive analysis.

I in no way doubt the intellectual capacity of either (though Fukuyama leaves me cold, victim of the pseudo-intellectuals he used to serve). But I deeply regret the socialization character of American so-called "public intellectuals" seeking attention and funding through hyperboles and even sycophancy.

 

MACORTEZ461

2:56 PM ET

February 4, 2011

Remembering Samuel Huntington

A man of towering intellect, who never shied away from going for the jugular. "I challenged him to explain to me, as to on which common grounds, he was lumping 60 diverse Muslim countries as a civilization and what empirical evidence he had" 1. All Muslims worship in the direction of the Mecca. 2. "A couple of years later, as a Ph. D hard drive recover. student at Harvard, I started working for Sam myself. The FP Debate: Samuel Huntington's Legacy Samuel Huntington, 1927-2008" Let's face Huntington for what he was: a foreign policy hack who just happened to put forward an argument which helps further the imperialistic ambitions of an overzealous US government around the world. His "civilizations" argument is weak at best, if not completely asinine. It's time to ignore him and his predecessors like Zakaria--the elite's foreign policy lapdog.