Close Encounters of the Buddhist Kind

An exclusive look inside a booming multibillion-dollar, evangelical, global Thai cult.

CAPTIONS BY RON GLUCKMAN, PHOTOS BY LUKE DUGGLEBY | JANUARY 20, 2011

Picture this: millions of followers gathering around a central shrine that looks like a giant UFO in elaborately choreographed Nuremberg-style rallies; missionary outposts in 31 countries from Germany to the Democratic Republic of the Congo; an evangelist vision that seeks to promote a "world morality restoration project"; and a V-Star program that encourages hundreds of thousands of children to improve "positive moral behavior." Although the Bangkok-based Dhammakaya movement dons saffron robes, not brown shirts, its flamboyant ceremonies have become increasingly bold displays of power for this cult-like Buddhist group that was founded in the 1970s, ironically, as a reform movement opposed to the excesses of organized religion in Thailand.

Yet, despite the pageantry, the inner workings of this fast-growing movement are little known to Thailand's general public, and certainly to the rest of the world, though its teachings loom large among the legions of devotees. The veil of secrecy parted briefly in late 1999, when two top Dhammakaya leaders were charged with embezzlement in what many considered a political ploy to suppress the temple's growing power. The charges were dismissed in 2006 after the former abbot and a colleague returned some land and nearly 1 billion baht ($32 million) to temple control.

This obscurity is because -- despite its 24-hour satellite TV station -- Dhammakaya has diligently worked to avoid the limelight. Until now. Over the past year, photographer Luke Duggleby and reporter Ron Gluckman have been granted unrivaled access to the facilities and ceremonies of Dhammakaya, and they provide an exclusive look at this mesmerizing movement.

 

Ron Gluckman is a Beijing-based correspondent, and Luke Duggleby is a Bangkok-based photographer.

 

SAM FROM CALIFORNIA

7:50 PM ET

January 20, 2011

Too many ideologies!

Those are some impressive rallies. I'd like to know what the Dharmakaya's goals/intentions are, and what makes them distinct from other Buddhist movements around the world other than their big rallies?

Also, there is a history of populist Buddhist fanatics around the world such as the Ikko Ikki in Japan. Despite the fact that Buddhism calls for moderation and reason, there is also a radically populist component to Buddhist theology. I suppose it is similar to Christianity in regards to the ease with which one can simplify its message and make your abridged version of it universally available to the masses, with a few simple marketing tricks (such as having a megachurch or, in this case, a megastupa, with telearhants leading charismatic worship on television.)

 

ISAANLIFE

4:39 AM ET

February 1, 2011

military precision and buddhism

they belong together like chalk and cheese
it all looks rather fascist an totally foreign to buddhism in thailand
and certainly has little place in daily life in isaan thailand

 

GLOBAL_AMBASSADOR

2:05 AM ET

January 21, 2011

Nuremberg rallies.... Maybe a little too far a suggestion..?

These rallies do appear to look quite spectacular, however I too would like to understand the intentions of the Dharmakaya's as well, a quick scan over its website suggests its main interests are to facilitate the practice and education of meditation, which i personally beileve to be a good thing. I object to FP's suggestion that is organization is a cult, what kind of journalism is that...? As far as ive seen and know from scanning through all the 23 images and reading the short excerpts show no cult like behaviour.... it is an east asian tradition to meditate around fellow practitioners. Also done in mass like we see definetly does not give RON GLUCKMAN any room to prove any connection between this and nuremberg rallies...... such an accusation is ludicrous, and i hope other readers can see that as well...

The question I want to know is....
Why is such beautiful pagentry frowned upon and suggested to be cult like behaviour compared to, of all things, the nuremberg rallies.... these men, women are not praising ideological nationalists propaganda... rather accepting people from all walks of life and all nations to participate in mediation... of all things... please FP... you should be ashamed.

 

PAULTRAF

5:35 AM ET

January 21, 2011

A Practitioner's Viewpoint

Hello,

I am a Buddhist practitioner in the Dhammakaya tradition and have been quite a few times to Wat Phra Dhammakaya and participated in various activities. Yes, it does have many followers and large gatherings, but I've always found the atmosphere light.and welcoming

The main intention is simply world peace through inner peace, especially through the practice of meditation to direct the mind inwards, develop calm and make it brighter. It is important to note that the tradition has roots going back well before the 1970s. A brief synopsis is given on the temple's web site:
http://www.dhammakaya.net/en/docs/dhammakaya-temple-history

My mother, the late Fuengsin Trafford, practised Dhammakaya from around 1960 through to the last day of her life in 1995. She was someone who also was active in promoting this spiritual path in life.
http://www.chezpaul.org.uk/fuengsin/

I also have my own "mini index to Dhammakaya" that gives a personal take on some activities:
http://www.chezpaul.org.uk/buddhism/dhamkaya.htm

I hope that readers of the article will examine other sources such as these. Thank you.

- Paul.

 

SHURLUN

9:31 AM ET

January 26, 2011

Thanks for sharing

Thanks, Paul, for sharing your info with us. It's interesting.

 

ACHEMNTIZ

8:37 AM ET

January 31, 2011

My personal experience about Dhammakaya

I learned to meditate at Dhammakaya in Denmark in 2006. It helped me much, and I was happy to have gotten a tool in life. Something I practiced even today. But I was concerned to read about Dhammakaya on the Internet. What I read was not in accordance with the experience I had when I visited the temple in Denmark and Thailand. I kept an open mind without being biased. The message is that everyone can achieve peace, and peace on earth can only be achieved by teaching everyone in inner peace. Dhammakaya is incredibly well organized, which many could learn from. Monks and laymen get a good education while doing volunteer work. Moreover, Dhammakaya opportunity for foreigners to try to be monks in a shorter period. All good things which can give the individual some good tools for life. If I have to make things up on a more personal level, has Dhammakaya given me many things, and there's never been called anything from me, other than voluntary contributions, which I have given with pleasure.

Allan Chemnitz

 

MARKUSLONG

2:56 PM ET

February 2, 2011

Agreed and well put

It the 40 plus years that the movement has existed, has there been an offensive of major conflict or violence from these people? No, then why make such chimerical statements about cults and Nuremberg rallies! Poor reporting and an even more poor choice of words. I see a group of beautiful people, in a beautiful place, doing beautiful things for themselves and others.
As a Latter-Day Saint I can associate to eccentric forms of worship. It’s singular to them and their not hurting anyone. That’s all we need to know, let them be! Wonderful photos FP.

 

NEMESIS XYZ

11:16 AM ET

February 20, 2011

Haven't you monks discovered

Haven't you monks discovered SCIENCE yet? Einstein, a famous Physicist said, "Science without Religion is blind, but Religion without Science is lame ." To me, monks are just people who don't want to work for a living, they just want a handout, to just beg for a bowl of rice and food from the poor working people. You are all just PARASITES of society. Chanting is not Thinking....Chanting is not Performing....Chanting is a Passive act which serves absolutely no purpose except to change yourself. Might I suggest you pick up some Physics books and recite the words in them as well? Perhaps the combination of religion .and science can change the world.

 

PATRICIAS

2:45 PM ET

January 21, 2011

Buddhist Practices

This looks like a good thing. The author is not familiar enough with large, Asian spiritual gatherings. (He won't easily find these in Beijing).

I work in India and thousands (sometimes millions) of people gather to meditate, improve their lives and the lives of others and connect with the Divine. This isn't cult behavior.

And the vows the monks are taking sound like the basic Buddhist precepts which are centuries old: Abstain from killing; Abstain from taking that which is not given, from sexual misconduct, from false speech, from alcohol/intoxicants.

These are good rules for living not signs of a cult.

 

NEMESIS XYZ

11:18 AM ET

February 20, 2011

No one said they were bad

No one said they were bad people, just out of touch with reality. They can be religious, but they must also be scientific, that is the best philosophy and way of life for human beings.

 

THE GLOBALIZER

6:04 PM ET

January 21, 2011

Hopefully

I'd much rather see large Buddhist rallies than the proscriptive evangelical monotheism of the Judeo-Christian-Islamic traditions. I'm wary of any large agglomeration of people, but this seems comparatively innocuous. Let's hope they stay that way.

 

SQUEEDLE

3:44 PM ET

January 26, 2011

Judaism rejects proselytizing

Judaism rejects proselytizing so it's inaccurate to refer to it as "evangelical monotheism."

Judaism also traditionally acknowledges that there's more than one way to worship and generally refrains from telling people what they should believe, particularly about God. Furthermore Buddhism itself is "proscriptive;" it has precepts forbidding telling lies, consuming intoxicants, sexual misconduct, and killing, as noted by another commenter. Pretty much every religion is "proscriptive" in the sense that they forbid certain behaviors.

If you want to criticize religions, fine, but at least get your facts straight.

 

PABLOHSOLUTIN

3:39 PM ET

February 3, 2011

Buddhist rallies

Yes, you're right. I think they will stay that way, even if someone terrorized them. Cool photos. They touch my core.

 

WATTY

8:06 PM ET

January 21, 2011

"Nuremberg-style rallies??" Kindly inform rather than mislead!

The choice of words in the title and captions for an otherwise magnificent collection of photographs is very unfortunate. The Dhammakaya tradition unlike many western Christian evangelical movements is not contaminated by the kind of proselytizing that has historically caused death and destruction of millions of humans.

Apart from guiding individuals motivated to follow the path of Buddha Dharma, the Dhammakaya movement also runs many hospices and champions efforts to lighten the burdens of human suffering in many communities across the world.

Once again the editors of FP disappoint many of its avid readers by allowing such uninformed characterization to be published.

 

TOCHARIAN

11:30 PM ET

January 21, 2011

Triumph des buddhistischen Willens

Wow!
Great job Luke Duggleby. Reminds me of Leni Riefenstahl!
I was born in a Burma and I always thought Buddhism was more of an individualistic religion with an ascetic lifestyle. Quite shocking for me to see this almost-robotic buddhist monks in formation like well-disciplined soldiers. I hope Buddhism doesn't degenerate into some kind of mass-movement (or even mass-hypnosis). An ideal Buddhist, in my opinion, is a hermit, who meditates alone (like Buddha did) to reach some form of personal enlightenment. Well maybe that's why I never became a true Buddhist!

 

GINARAYE

1:18 PM ET

January 22, 2011

close encounters? cult?

yellow journalism?

 

GLOBAL_AMBASSADOR

6:54 PM ET

January 22, 2011

again...

Mr RON GLUCKMAN should actually argue his reasoning for labelling meditation on a scale such as this a cult and not a positive peace loving phenomenon that majority on here see it as. I feel this man would have nothing to base his arguement on... other than the fact that the word "cult" naturally draws attention.

 

DKJACK

7:18 PM ET

January 23, 2011

Read the whole article!

Before you people go off half-cocked, read the WHOLE article. The Nuremberg reference wasn't dreamed up by FP.

"Mano Mettanando Laohavanich, a renowned Buddhist scholar who was once among the top Dhammakaya leaders, heading its entire American operations, has become a rabid critic since leaving the temple. He called Dhammakaya's rapid growth and mass ceremonies 'power trips' inspired by the head abbot's fascination with the Muslim hajj gatherings and Nazi parades." (p. 20)

Obviously, there is something to the reference.

That said, so what? The Nazis used spectacle, so do Gothic cathedrals, so do football games. Mass rallies aim to make people feel part of something transcendent.
The question is always, To what end?

Buddhists, like Christians, reach out to share what they regard as their gift. Pseudo-intellectuals, blathering on about all the wickedness done "in the name of Christianity," don't understand that Christianity was coöpted for centuries by barbarians, who were dragged kicking and screaming by the teachings of Jesus finally to practice what they professed. (And no, you can't say this about Muslims. Islamic terrorists indeed practice their religion.)

In fact, there is a theory that Christianity arose from Buddhist missionaries known to have been in Palestine at the time of Christ.

If Dhammakaya is indeed what it seems -- evangelical Buddhism -- then I say, More power to it! The world sorely needs what the Buddha and Jesus offer.

 

DKJACK

12:27 AM ET

January 24, 2011

Read the whole article!

Before you people go off half-cocked, read the WHOLE article. The Nuremberg reference wasn't dreamed up by FP.

"Mano Mettanando Laohavanich, a renowned Buddhist scholar who was once among the top Dhammakaya leaders, heading its entire American operations, has become a rabid critic since leaving the temple. He called Dhammakaya's rapid growth and mass ceremonies 'power trips' inspired by the head abbot's fascination with the Muslim hajj gatherings and Nazi parades." (p. 20)

Obviously, there is something to the reference.

That said, so what? The Nazis used spectacle, so do Gothic cathedrals, so do football games. Mass rallies aim to make people feel part of something transcendent.
The question is always, To what end?

Buddhists, like Christians, reach out to share what they regard as their gift. Pseudo-intellectuals, blathering on about all the wickedness done "in the name of Christianity," don't understand that Christianity was coöpted for centuries by barbarians, who were dragged kicking and screaming by the teachings of Jesus finally to practice what they professed. (And no, you can't say this about Muslims. Islamic terrorists indeed practice their religion.)

In fact, there is a theory that Christianity arose from Buddhist missionaries known to have been in Palestine at the time of Christ.

If Dhammakaya is indeed what it seems -- evangelical Buddhism -- then I say, More power to it! The world sorely needs what the Buddha and Jesus offer.

 

KAALCHAKRA

8:01 PM ET

January 24, 2011

As Outlandish As Nazi Hajj..

I am an Indic. So I have sympathy for the renowned scholar Mano Mettanando Laohavanich's views. My own otherwise very calm and rational co-religionists imply that I am mass murderer merely for suggesting that not all religions are quite the same, and that different religions can be expected to have widely different social outcomes for their societies.

But that sort of thinking is a well-intentioned mistake. Just by recognizing that religions can be quite different from one another one does not become a mass murderer.

Similarly by adopting a few 'Islam-like' practices a religion does not become Islam. (Did the author hint at an identity between Islam and Nazism, and Hajj and Nazi rallies?)

----------------------

A more useful approach would have been to actually delve into core beliefs, 'pillars of faith' as it were, into the types and meanings of rituals and daily prayers, into the values that are inculcated and what is considered good and bad, into what is celebrated and what is denounced etc.

Please excuse me if it sounds disrespectful but so many of even most educated Westerners get stuck on words like cults, without realizing that unless we are careful, words like 'cults' and 'religions', 'outlandish' and 'normal' can lose meaning.

Anyway, wonderful pictures. So thank you.

 

MRJM

9:40 AM ET

January 25, 2011

"cult-like"

"Cult-like"?

Is it a cult or isn't it? If it is a cult, say so. If it isn't, don't defame its members with cheap weasel-words.

What's next? Describing the Roman Catholic Church as "pedophile-like" or Scientology as "unhinged-esque"?

Your publication shouldn't tar a group and its members unless you are willing to stand fore-square behind your allegations.

To do otherwise is not very "journalist-like."

-- MrJM

 

KEENE VALLEY

12:25 PM ET

January 25, 2011

Dhammakaya article

This is a very puzzling and perhaps biased article. What's wrong with Dhammakaya? This is a religious group with many followers. Why is that a problem? There's nothing here that indicates a problem.

 

LLAMA_DARMHA_DING_DONG

7:42 PM ET

January 25, 2011

Herds are scary, but no swords here

I am no expert, tho I understand the alarm at crowds of uniformly dressed persons. Separation of the sexes is not a good sign, nor is any nationalistic aspect appealing.

I am a practicing Buddhist. There are so many kinds, just like Judeo-Christian-Muslim "families" The one I practice does not have a central deity, tho I am sure many consider it so. Most of the writings of the originator are Medieval, and should be read with an understanding of a different experience.

I appreciated some of the level-headed comments here, and am proud of the emotional health that some of my Buddhist fellow practitioners have earned, as evidenced here.

The editorial writing seems inflammatory to me. It is no shock that there is organized Buddhism in Thailand. One could substitute Vatican, or C of E, or plenty of other "Billion Dollar Edifices" As to corruption, L. Gelli is still alive and kicking (tho not Sindona), Berlusconi also. In the States, Abramowitz, Pat Robertson and his African diamond mines, the Moons and their gun company, and I believe the list goes on.

Unity of mind and group meditation are not necessarily evil developments: world harmony is a provocative phrase, inciting bitter replies and historical citations of betrayal. Mostly so, but depends who's entrenched.

Still, the balance between moderating meditative practice as a commonality and a vent to gratification of immediate desires has been a hard one to achieve, but it is a possible evolution through enlightened negotiation.

As the Dalai Llama said, "But I could be wrong..."

 

SQUEEDLE

3:54 PM ET

January 26, 2011

What cult?

As a former practicing Zen Buddhist myself I was also questioning why people are so afraid of large groups of like-minded people dressed alike and doing the same thing. It looked to me like a bunch of people sitting and standing around. No weapons, no aggression, no people jumping up and down waving signs and yelling or breaking things.

Given that this is a group of Buddhists I question the use of the word "cult." There is a commonly accepted definition for a cult** and the essayist did not provide any evidence supporting the use of this word.

Given that this is mostly people standing around or sitting in an orderly fashion and not screaming about how the world is being ruined by I think conjuring images of 1930s Germany is laughably melodramatic. I agree that the writing is inflammatory. I'm not sure what depth or insight one can expect from a photo essay with a few short captions though.

Frankly I'd be happy if a Buddhist peace movement swept the world. It's better than the current trend, that's certain.

**1) charismatic central figure, 2) members expected to cut off ties from friends and family, 3) members must give most or all of their possessions away or to the cult, 4) absolute loyalty is demanded, 4) members face extreme pressure against leaving, 5) dissent/doubt is punished, etc.

 

DMRESNICK

11:29 PM ET

January 30, 2011

Why

Personally, I don't like any mass movements. I don't understand and perhaps someone can explain to me why it is useful to have thousands of other people around when I am trying to develop an understanding of the nature of reality and trying to confront my personal experience of that reality.

 

ISE

12:22 PM ET

February 9, 2011

In response to DMRESNICK

Perhaps you might consider that in contimplating reality and what it means to/for you the world as a whole must be considered. There is nothing that makes one feel so small as to be one among a crowd of thousands, all considering the same questions and seeking the same peace. The important thing is perspective in a world that continualy asks us to focus on ourselves as something seperate and more important than the whole.
Of course that being said there is not one path it peace.

 

MICKEY4378

8:49 AM ET

January 26, 2011

Sigh

I find myself appalled at the personal attacks heaped upon the author of this article. Perhaps some of my fellow readers would do well to consult a dictionary on the meaning of the word "cult" or better yet, attend one of these gatherings themselves. As outspoken as DKJACK might be, there is truth in what he says. I think it's safe to assume that the author calls it a cult and references the Nuremberg rallies because it is a gathering of numerous people who venerate an ideal, and in this respect the two are analogous. Having been there on multiple occasions, I can assure you that the people at Wat Phra Dhammakaya are not the type to commit acts of war, nor are they religious extremists.

 

SHURLUN

9:23 AM ET

January 26, 2011

Fascinating!

To me, it is fascinating to see such a kind of peaceful religous combat - a kind of fight different from that in Sri Lanka and some other regions.

Instead of trying to protect its religion by military or political force as has been done in some countries, the Dhammakaya does it in a completely different way - simply gathering people to meditate together and join religious activities, most of which have a long term effect to improve those people's life and behaviour. I think the positivity of its leader's vision and method is rather impressive!

 

DISIGNY

7:24 PM ET

January 29, 2011

The Scariness of Groups

I think it is almost impossible for the average Westerner not to feel intimidated by large groups. It is surely due to the J-C Ethic of the Sanctity (and axiomatic importance) of the "Individual" as the basic human unit, as blithely assumed to be the only possible. Add to that the basic assumption that human nature is sort of "Evil". Individualism both exacerbates and facilitates abuses of political power. You don't find western leaders ever committing suicide if they have failed their group, and you never will. Luckily , Science is on the right track. See "superorganisms". We'll figure it out eventually.

 

TONGNYAM NYIME

9:25 PM ET

February 7, 2011

dammakhaya

nd flailing about.
Oh, and about religious proscriptives mentioned above, as far as I can tell after twenty-five or so years studying Buddhism I get the impression that there is no such thing as proscriptives nor prescriptives therein--remember karma? Each ego must work it out alone. So if this is not the case with this group, then there is cause to think in terms like cult and political power. And remember Sri Lanka, where Buddhists so-called have engaged in warfare for years. Still, remember karma as a concept and a constituent of practice.

 

TONGNYAM NYIME

9:57 PM ET

February 7, 2011

dammakhaya

The photos are informative. As a lapsed practitioner of sitting meditation a la Tibet I squirm when I see images of people standing barefoot on concrete--a minor point when cultural differentials are considered (I am a so-called Westerner.) Well, ahem, whoa. Perhaps Albert Speer, Hitler's architect and designer of the Nuremburg rally spectacle, was influenced by Asian imagery of such masses of people. Perhaps it is a human universal. Theories abound.
Each of us has a set of values and opinions that are, in part, culture-bound. I prefer small groups of meditators in comfort clothes in a cozy meditation room with minimal distractions, or a hermit's hut. And I will not shave my head. And a bit of red wine never hurt anyone. Yet, let them go at it. Better this than guns and flailing about.
Still, the photos make me uneasy; it is the potential of a mass of people all doing exactly the same thing, whatever the intention (Western individualism and a child of the sixties speaking.) I am not impressed and parades leave me cold (but the photographer is to be commended.)

 

TONGNYAM NYIME

10:05 PM ET

February 7, 2011

dammakhaya

Did I mention theory of mind?

 

BDMNTN

8:24 PM ET

February 10, 2011

this author is a genius

this author is a genius and he probably doesn't even know it.

he's managed to weave two great old tropes into one great projection.

first, the old thing of westerners being scared of large groups of asians. there's a bunch of old hollywood movies that play on this theme - billions of faceless, robotic asians in perfect sync out to get our lone white hero. there's one i saw, which i can't remember, with like a million-member buddhist cult trying to destroy america or something. that movie has some staying power. you know most americans were freaked out by the chinese open ceremonies. because when people do the same thing, it's a cult, you know?

secondly, orientalism. these dudes in thailand, they are exotic, you know, their religion is a cult. if they're not shopping at a mall or spending hours in their cars driving to work alone, it's a cult!

so the author masterfully ties orientalism and american fears but in total projection.

what's he projecting? well, he thinks multi-million dollar religious organizations are cults? that anything evangelical is a cult? that anything global is a cult? that secrecy is cultish? that any spectacle is a cult?

wait this dude must really hate the catholic church. and jerry robertson.

but we've all seen pictures of the vatican and you can't go after the hero of the american right, plus it's not very scary, so not many people will click. therefore, fp won't make as many 1/10000 pennies per click. better to use some far off religion. shit, call it a cult! that'll really get people to come over to gawk at these weird fuckers and their weird cult religions that have nothing important to say spiritually.
those weirdos in a far off place wasting their lives in cults, gaining nothing from it, preparing to burn in one hot christian hell for eternity. if only everyone where american, then we'd have real religion and peace.

looks pretty though

click click click

ka-ching!

at least the photographer took a couple minutes away from exploiting thai girls to capture these weirdo-cult-following morons.

 

MUNKEE

3:03 PM ET

February 16, 2011

Meditation en masse - what's the problem?

Anyone who has ever participated in a group meditation session or even something like a yoga class which utilizes chanting will understand it simply feels nice to be part of a bigger whole, especially when all that is being promoted is inner peace for either the individual or greater humanity (which is the goal of Buddhism as I understand it - enlightenment for humanity at large). There's a connectivity of spirit/soul which most Westerners lack from their daily lives, which may be why they are scared of it.

Personally I feel more freaked out seeing the huge evangelical gatherings in the US, than I do seeing monks and others gathering peacefully. It's kind of hard to knock Buddhism when the general goals are dropping the ego in favour of peace, compassion, and enlightenment not just for self, but for everyone/thing.

 

IDIYOSA

10:35 PM ET

February 17, 2011

inspite of history, i truly

inspite of history, i truly believe in the (possibility?) peaceful co-existence of ALL living things. paranoids and power crazed, control freaks aside.

 

OYUNAOYUN

6:23 AM ET

February 20, 2011

buddist people

Buddism always advice calmness. I worked in India long time ago and millions of people gather to meditate, enhance their lives and connect with the Absolute. This isn't cult behavior but called oyun or a way to freedom for them.

I still call my buddist friends time to time.