Think Again: The Afghan Drug Trade

Why cracking down on Afghanistan's opium business won't help stop the Taliban -- or the United States' own drug problems.

BY JONATHAN P. CAULKINS, JONATHAN D. KULICK, AND MARK A.R. KLEIMAN | APRIL 1, 2011

"Everyone Would Be Better Off if Afghan Farmers Grew Something Else."

Not necessarily. Alternative development -- sometimes called "alternative livelihoods" -- is the kinder, gentler complement to eradication. Both target farmers, the thinking goes, but one plants crops and bulldozes roads, while the other bulldozes crops and plants resentment. Even if alternative development doesn't meaningfully reduce worldwide drug cultivation -- and it doesn't -- at least the do-gooders do no harm, right?

Wrong. The Taliban tax opium not because the Quran opposes intoxicants; they tax opium because it is taxable. In the lawless stretches of Afghanistan, the Taliban, local warlords, corrupt officials, and anyone else with enough guns all extort "protection" payments from almost any activity undertaken in their zone of control -- including alternative-development projects. The Wall Street Journal reported last summer that half the electricity produced by a U.S. Agency for International Development-funded $100 million upgrade to a hydropower plant in Helmand province is effectively sold by the Taliban. Even if one dismisses such egregious examples, back-of-the-envelope calculations of the overall impact are not encouraging. Multiply the commonly acknowledged 10 to 20 percent extortion "tax" rate levied by the Taliban by the total international budget for alternative development in Afghanistan, and you get a revenue stream well in excess of what the Taliban is thought to derive from the opium trade.

No one doubts that development needs to be a major part of the agenda in Afghanistan, but there is a strong case to be made for using these programs as a reward for stabilized provinces -- not a means of winning over hostile ones.

John Moore/Getty Images

 

Jonathan P. Caulkins is a professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Heinz College and Qatar campus. Jonathan D. Kulick is an advisor to the government of Georgia. Mark A.R. Kleiman is professor of public policy at the University of California, Los Angeles. Their report, "Drug Production and Trafficking, Counterdrug Policies, and Security and Governance in Afghanistan," was released by New York University's Center on International Cooperation in 2010.

ARANGORAM

7:52 PM ET

April 3, 2011

Reducing production does hurts traffickers

One of the ways by which this article rejects the idea that reducing drugs production hurts traffikers is pointing at the increasing of prices, one of the consequence of reducing supply in a monopolistic system. I strongly disagree with this statement. Even that no one can deny that mopolists everywhere try to constrain production to obtain higher prices (including oil producers), drug production is different. While for OPEC is almost costless to reduce oil quantities, for drug producers this is extremely costly. Even if prices go higher, if producing areas are less today than in the past, this means that producers are having troubles and are not feeling comfortable doing their activities, this is, there are fewer incentives to participate in illegal activities. Although higher prices increase incentives, anti-drug production actions have to effective, in a way that incentives to produce remain always very low and every day there are fewer people willing to get on the drug production business.

 

MALCOLMKYLE

2:51 PM ET

April 4, 2011

Wishful thinking appears to be your forte

Due to your beloved prohibition, the inevitable collapse of the "house-of-cards" economy has already taken place, making it painfully obvious that Prohibition is no longer fiscally supportable. The rhetoric used by politicians to describe their underlying support of it is changing even as we speak.

Your beloved Beast is mortally wounded, and even though it still has its’ teeth and claws and is still quite dangerous, it’s bleeding profusely and will, very soon, just before the Treasury is completely emptied, collapse from that same lack of blood. - Green blood.

Many nations are starting to ease off the gas pedal and gently pump the brakes on the prohibition Juggernaut, that has been running without any governor at all on its’ breakneck velocity in ruining people’s lives, if only because the Green blood to fuel this Juggernaut can no longer be justified politically.

Many of us knew all along that Prohibition was never viable as sound public policy.

“Tough on crime” is morphing into “Smart on crime” but ignorant, unreasoning neanderthal prohibitionists like yourself will no doubt remain intent upon imposing their/your will, with cave-man methodologies, upon the rest of us Homo Sapiens. But those ‘clubs’ you use are getting far too expensive to wield. You'll be forced to put them down before too long. That, or face the specter of us H. Sapiens starving you out by sheer economic forces.

http://www.drugsense.org/cms/wodclock

http://www.usdebtclock.org/

“Thud!” Your heads are about to get hit with your own clubs, engraved with dollar or pound signs.

 

ARANGORAM

4:31 PM ET

April 4, 2011

Are you really a realist?

I think I know what kind of person you are. You are one of those "realist" who claim that prohibition is unsustainable because it's going to ruin our economy, which in other words means you're one of many who think: "if I can't solve a problem, so let it be free". And of course, you're one of those who deny that drugs are a public health issue, "it's just like alcohol", you may say.

In some way I understand people like you, because let's be honest, war on drugs seems to be like a broken vase you feel you'll have to fill it up every day until the end of days. But what I don´t understand in any way, is on what basement people like you argue in behave of legalization, please explain me, because I anxiously want to know:

How is that legalization is going to end the wars that are fought every day around the world? do you really think guerrillas, mercenaries and other kinds are not going to finance themselves with legal drugs? in what way legalization will reduce drug addiction? don't you think that if drugs became legal, at least a great share of the resources used today to maintain prohibition will be used to fight health issues related to drugs?

I'm asking you seriously, please tell me, because I've been very unsuccessful finding answers to those questions and that's the only reason by which I've never supported legalization, in fact, I believe that in regards on drugs, realists like you are the most unrealistic people on the world.

 

PRESLOVE

3:46 PM ET

April 5, 2011

Are you really this dumb?

***How is that legalization is going to end the wars that are fought every day around the world? do you really think guerrillas, mercenaries and other kinds are not going to finance themselves with legal drugs? ***

Legalizing drugs would allow OTHER suppliers, legal suppliers. So, no, guerrillas and mercenaries would not finance themselves with legal drugs. This is a very simple, easy to understand point.

***in what way legalization will reduce drug addiction? don't you think that if drugs became legal, at least a great share of the resources used today to maintain prohibition will be used to fight health issues related to drugs?***

Treating the drug addiction as a public health problem is far more efficient and effective than prohibition and interdiction. Legalization, regulation and treatment would definitely cost money, but it would cost MUCH less than our current model and would actually be effective.

 

FELINE74

12:06 AM ET

April 4, 2011

Types of farmland used and domestic morphine demand.

1. I read a few years back that a lot of the land used to grow opium is only useful for growing fruits otherwise, and that the orchards and vineyards that used to be there were destroyed during decades of war. If so, any attempt at eradication in those areas would need to coincide with replanting of those orchards and vineyards, rebuilding the infrastructure needed to get that fruit to market and keep the farmers fed and defended until they can support themselves.

2. How much of the opium crop could be used to make legal morphine for the region, instead? Combine that with factories for other basic pharmaceuticals and a lot of good could be done--for the producers AND the far-too-numerous sick people!

 

MALCOLMKYLE

1:06 PM ET

April 4, 2011

Drugs of all varieties are cheap and plentiful

Prohibition is a sickening horror and the ocean of hypocrisy, incompetence, corruption and human wreckage it has left in its wake is almost endless.

Prohibition has decimated generations and criminalized millions for a behavior which is entwined in human existence, and for what other purpose than to uphold the defunct and corrupt thinking of a minority of misguided, self-righteous Neo-Puritans and degenerate demagogues who wish nothing but unadulterated destruction on the rest of us.

Based on the unalterable proviso that drug use, among all echelons of society, is essentially an unstoppable and ongoing human behavior which has been with us since the dawn of time, any serious reading on the subject of past attempts at any form of drug prohibition would point most normal thinking people in the direction of sensible regulation.

By its very nature, prohibition cannot fail but create a vast increase in criminal activity, and rather than preventing society from descending into anarchy, it actually fosters an anarchic business model - the international Drug Trade. Any decisions concerning quality, quantity, distribution and availability are then left in the hands of unregulated, anonymous and ruthless drug dealers, who are interested only in the huge profits involved. Thus the allure of this reliable and lucrative industry, with it's enormous income potential that consistently outweighs the risks associated with the illegal operations that such a trade entails, will remain with us until we are collectively forced to admit the obvious.

There is therefore an irrefutable connection between drug prohibition and the crime, corruption, disease and death it causes. Anybody 'halfway bright', and who's not psychologically challenged, should be capable of understanding that it is not simply the demand for drugs that creates the mayhem, it is our refusal to allow legal businesses to meet that demand. If you are not capable of understanding this connection then maybe you're using something far stronger than the rest of us. So put away your pipe, lock yourself away in a small room with some tinned soup and water, and try to crawl back into reality A.S.A.P.

Because Drug cartels will always have an endless supply of ready cash for wages, bribery and equipment, no amount of tax money, police powers, weaponry, wishful thinking or pseudo-science will make our streets safe again. Only an end to prohibition can do that! How much longer are you willing to foolishly risk your own survival by continuing to ignore the obvious, historically confirmed solution?

If you support the Kool-Aid mass suicide cult of prohibition, and erroneously believe that you can win a war without logic and practical solutions, then prepare yourself for even more death, tortured corpses, corruption, terrorism, sickness, imprisonment, economic tribulation, unemployment and the complete loss of the rule of law.

The only thing prohibition successfully does is prohibit regulation & taxation while turning even our schools and prisons into black markets for drugs. Regulation would mean the opposite!

Prohibition is nothing less than a grotesque dystopian nightmare; if you support it you must be either ignorant, stupid, brainwashed, insane or corrupt.

A great many of us are slowly but surely wising up to the fact that the best avenue towards realistically dealing with drug use and addiction is through proper regulation which is what we already do with alcohol & tobacco, clearly two of our most dangerous mood altering substances. But for those of you whose ignorant and irrational minds traverse a fantasy plane of existence, you will no doubt remain sorely upset with any type of solution that does not seem to lead to your absurd and unattainable utopia of a drug free society.

And if there's still anybody out there who doubts the CIA's involvement in drug-running, they should watch "Mike Ruppert - CIA and Drug Running (1997)"
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7009998324250484369#

And if you really want to know how deep prohibition engendered corruption runs in America, then watch the following:
Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKHpVw4yTb4

 

EMMA WEINER

9:28 AM ET

April 8, 2011

Drug Regulation Links

There is a growing international consensus that drug prohibition has been a complete failure and a public policy nightmare.

For an explanation of the problem and detailed alternative plans for regulated distribution of drugs currently controlled by criminals, see the report "After the War on Drugs: Blueprint for Regulation" by Transform Drug Policy Foundation:

http://www.tdpf.org.uk/

See also the International Centre on Human Rights and Drug Policy:

http://www.humanrightsanddrugs.org/

and the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy, and their "Vienna Declaration":

http://www.icsdp.org/

and Count the Costs, a new web-project on drug war harms:

http://www.countthecosts.org/

 

JAMES143

9:36 AM ET

April 24, 2011

Drug

Nice article!
This article shows the Drug production in cost is lower in Afghanistan's.
Pdf to kindle