Billions for Missile Defense, Not a Dime for Common Sense

At a time of tight budgets, doubling down on a risky, easily foiled technology is more foolish than ever.

BY YOUSAF BUTT | JUNE 10, 2011

The narrative in the West so far is that the main problem Russia has with the system is the two proposed land sites in Poland and Romania -- that NATO would be stepping on Russia's toes by installing bases in what Russia considers its sphere of influence. That is surely part of Russian concerns, but it is not the whole story. Ted Postol of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and I carried out a detailed study of the planned system. Our analysis found that the system could, in fact, easily be reconfigured to have a theoretical capability against Russian ICBMs, especially post-2018, when the more potent interceptors are brought on-line. But even a theoretical capability -- which the Russians could, in practice, neutralize through use of decoys and other countermeasures on their missiles -- will give their military planners pause.

A NATO decision to proceed with fielding Block II interceptors will result in an apparent paradox: "defenses" with little or no combat effectiveness, but with technical and quantitative uncertainties that will cause cautious Russian military planners to treat them as if they could be effective in the future.

Russia -- and China -- could react by increasing their stockpiles or perhaps blocking future nuclear-arms-reductions negotiations with the United States.

What's really needed is an independent, nonpartisan evaluation of the costs -- and not just the gargantuan monetary costs, but also the security costs -- versus the benefits (if any) of the proposed system. The possible disclosure of sensitive U.S. secrets that so preoccupies Woolsey and Heinrichs is just one of the many risks of an ineffective missile-defense system, from engendering a false sense of security that could lead to serious policy miscalculations to greater worldwide stockpiles of military plutonium to a relaunching of the nuclear arms race with Russia.

Is it really worth giving up the Russian queen in trying -- and failing -- to protect from an Iranian pawn?

VIKTOR DRACHEV/AFP/Getty Images

 

Yousaf Butt is a nuclear physicist and is currently serving as a scientific consultant to the Federation of American Scientists on missile defense and other national security issues. He has served as a fellow on the Committee on International Security and Arms Control at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

BABEOUF

5:35 PM ET

June 10, 2011

missile defense.

The military utility of the American ABM systems to be directed against Russia depends on the assumption that Russia will be unable to deploy its own ABM systems. And this appears false. Rather after a lag Russian ABM systems are very likely to appear(see similar US reasoning over the Atom bomb, Stealth fighters etc). The American monopoly of ABM's is likely to be a short run affair. And at its end any number of countries may share the illusion that a nuclear first strike with the protection of their ABM systems is the safest policy in an international crisis. The world will of course then be a much much much more dangerous place for every country including the USA.

 

EINGRIFF

11:33 PM ET

June 10, 2011

Counterpoise

Russia will develop ABMs whether we do or not.

Which is better:

- both sides have ABMs

- only Russia has ABMs

 

STEVE_M

2:51 AM ET

June 11, 2011

Depends

From the standpoint of a US taxpayer or the US firm selling the system?

 

KASEMAN

11:24 AM ET

June 13, 2011

Woolsey

Not only will Our Cadiinal (= fomer capo di capi at the Central Incompetents Agency) Woolsey's misslies not work, but his case for them is plain whacky and value destroying in physical and human capital. Why would Russia, China or Iran want to take on the US with its 100,000 bombs and missiles, 12,000 of which are nuked, that the Woolsey crowd are itching to launch. These countries leaders have no intention of committing suicide to humour our military industrial-security-zionist elites.

All three have other priorties, like getiting rich, exporting to the the US, and buying our bonds and real estate.

Woolsey and his ilk are the biggest danger to the US: inventing enemies and diverting scarce federal resources into value destroying ends. On money borrowed from China and Russia no less.

Better sort out the huge damage Woolsey and his clique caused by getting us to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. Wars we ain't winning.

 

NIHONSEAN

2:01 AM ET

June 14, 2011

Accurate Numbers are Good For Everyone

In May of 2010 the Pentagon announced that the current U.S. nuclear stockpile stood at 5,113 weapons.

A little shy of 12,000. Not sure what to make of your claim of '100,000' bombs and missiles. I assume you're referring to missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.

Current number of minuteman missiles is around 450. There are also around 560 trident missiles as well, so around 1,000 ICBM's. I have to confess I have no numbers on cruise missiles, but I'm going to guess it's somewhat less than 99,000.

Google is your friend. It's okay if you don't know the real numbers, it's isn't okay to make up fake numbers.

 

NIHONSEAN

2:18 AM ET

June 13, 2011

Will Never Work Or Shouldn't Be Allowed to Work?

Has Federation of American Scientists ever come out in favor of a weapons system? The answer is no. Pacifists are by nature opposed to weapons. The FAS has opposed every major weapons systems developed since their founding. So no one whould besurprised that they are opposed to missile defense as well.

Butt's main arguement isn't that missile defense won't work, it's what might happen if it does...or at worst only partially does. It is telling that instead of proposing we make a more robust, potent system Butt argues that we simply dismantle a less than perfect system. Apparently we are to believe that no defense is better than an imperfect one.

 

NIHONSEAN

1:42 AM ET

June 14, 2011

Nice Article, but Sort of Wrong

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is not the Federation of American Scientists.

 

NIHONSEAN

1:48 AM ET

June 14, 2011

I'm not sure why you think a

I'm not sure why you think a 'European Missile Defense System' should defend the continental United States. On the other hand, if one vauled our relationship with Europe, especially our access to European bases, then one might understand that protecting our allies from attack is actually in our best interests. Also not sure why you keep posting the same article quote in multiple locations.

 

MUTT3003

11:10 AM ET

June 13, 2011

Common sense?

Common sense is totally nonexistent when it comes to the military - industrial complex. If there were more common sense there would be less kickbacks for the politicians.

 

SCOOP

11:51 AM ET

June 13, 2011

North Can Build Miniature Nukes, South's Defense Chief Says

Reuters, Monday, June 13, 2011

"South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin on Monday asserted that North Korea likely has the ability to build a compact nuclear warhead, suggesting it could place the weapon on a missile. Kim did not offer any specifics to lawmakers for his contention except to say Pyongyang has had adequate time to master the technological hurdle. The aspiring nuclear power has carried out two nuclear tests to date and is suspected to be readying for a third detonation. North Korea is not known to have yet constructed a missile capable of reaching the United States, but U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates in January said he believed Pyongyang was five years away from achieving that goal."

 

AARKY

8:52 PM ET

June 13, 2011

Kaseman- Your post was the

Kaseman- Your post was the best!! Woolsey has prostituted himself, starting back as a henchman for Ahmed Chalabi, and receiving several hundred thousand dollars to help sell the Iraq War. Today, we have to ask why he is doing all, "The Sky is Falling" screeching? When the end sum of their argument is that the Russians will give all those secrets to the Iranians and Syrians, we can presume that he is getting paid by the Israelis to stir the pot. Beware of the former Generals who are also doing this screeching such as Barry McCaffrey, "The Sky is Falling" , "The Iranians have the bomb and are working on the missile to deliver it". All of these statements would flunk the BS stench test!

 

LUCKYBARKER

5:43 AM ET

June 14, 2011

PERGRUZKA!!!

Do not afraid, brothers!
Russia will save and defend the USA!!

Russia start up bilding new base/
Base missile and air defense + new big radar - at CUBA!
Not only for Russia - specialy for US defense too!
New russian base will protect US from angry Iranian missiles.
Iran's missiles threaten US territory - from Venezuela.
New Russia base will defend.
PERGRUZKA!

 

RYANCRIERIE

10:24 AM ET

June 14, 2011

If ABM doesn't work...

Then why does everyone want it or is working on it?

The Indians have their own hit to kill system under development that's very conceptually similar to the old NIKE-ZEUS using a former IRBM as an interceptor.

The Chinese after a 30 year hiatus, recently restarted their midcourse defense program and a few years ago, staged an early midcourse intercept test.

The Russians have continued to keep the Moscow ABM system in operation, and have upgraded it to use hit to kill warheads instead of nuclear. They are also working heavily on the S-500 system which will have significant ABM capabilites.

The Israelis (with US aid) have successfully worked up and deployed the Arrow ABM system and are working on the next generation Arrow interceptor.

Japan really likes our ABM capabilities so much that they're willing to fund a significant portion of the SM-3 Block II capabilities development; and are the key foreign partner in the USN"s AEGIS BMD programme with their Kongo DDGs.

The Saudis have recently started to look at buying DDG-51s, rather than specialized LCS; because the LCS hull cannot support what the Saudis want -- namely the electrical and other support needs of BMD.

If ABM simply can't work; then why are so many people pursuing it on their own or in collaboration with the US?

 

RYANCRIERIE

11:45 PM ET

June 14, 2011

If logic is not involved...

Why did the Russians keep in service their Moscow based ABM, and continue to lightly upgrade it over the years, eventually downloading the remaining nuclear warheads from it and operating it as a Hit To Kill system?

If ABM simply didn't work; why did the Russians waste so much money in building the A35 system, then modernizing it to the A35M system, before replacing it with the A135 system?

If ABM didn't work; why did the Russians continue to keep in service the A135 system, despite tight budgets in the post-communist era for military funding?

Why are they working on a mobile ABM system in the S-500 if ABM doesn't work?

Why are the Indians chosing to continue into Phase II of their ABM R&D efforts, which will result in a system capable of handling missiles with an intercontinental capability if ABM doesn't work?

Why is France wasting money on developing a tactical ABM capability for their Aster 30 if ABM doesn't work?

Why does the UAE possibly want to spend $7 billion on buying THAAD if ABM doesn't work?

Etc etc.

Unless you're seriously going to suggest that there's a global conspiracy by the arms makers to make everyone buy useless wares...

 

RYANCRIERIE

12:00 AM ET

June 15, 2011

There are many discrimination techniques available anyway...

Balloons? They don't re-radiate in the same spectra as actual re-entry vehicles which are made out of various ablatives and alloys to survive re-entry.

Also, at the altitudes that ballistic missiles debuss their warheads, there's still air -- it's why the International Space Station has to be reboosted annually -- so the mass of the decoy or warhead matters.

The Balloons also have to be inflated fast enough to be able to show up on sensors fast enough to prevent them from being discarded as obvious decoys. Pressurizing something in the near vacuum of space in that amount of time is going to be a very tricky technical task.

Indeed, one of our GBI tests "failed" because the target missile failed to deploy it's decoys and countermeasures successfully; preventing the kill vehicle from getting a chance to test it's sensors against the countermeasures.

If we have hang-ups with our decoys, what makes you think Iran or North Korea will be able to achieve 99% reliabile decoy deployment?

 

RYANCRIERIE

12:10 AM ET

June 15, 2011

There is also a very simple solution to decoys...

Detonate a nuclear warhead in the target vehicle cloud.

Specifically an enhanced radiation warhead designed to emit mostly X-Rays and neutrons.

The balloons will be popped, and everything within the cloud will be subjected to quite a lot of acceleration from the high energy X-Rays impacting them; quickly filtering out the lightweight decoys from the actual warheads.

Additionally, the neutrons will penetrate the warhead casings and quickly render them duds. Certain parts of nuclear weapons are very voracious neutron absorbers; and if you pump a lot of neutrons into them; they well, melt; destroying the precision needed for an implosion warhead.

This was all known in the 1960s -- hence why SPARTAN had a five megaton enhanced radiation warhead with a lethal kill radius measured in at least hundreds of miles.

 

RYANCRIERIE

4:39 PM ET

June 15, 2011

"But as far as I know nobody

"But as far as I know nobody is suggesting the use of (megaton) nukes for BMD. Are you?"

Just pointing out that there are simple, efficient brute force methods that discriminate/kill decoys and warheads in large numbers.

"That would worry china and Russia and probably be against the spirit of the Outer Space Treaty too I think."

Outer Space is already weaponized. We use outer space assets to target strategic weapons, and our strategic weapons pass through outer space en route to their targets.

"Also, it would kill many of our own satellites."

That's the reason we shifted to Hit-To-Kill by the 1980s; because by then, our economy had begun to rely more and more on civilian satellites -- the military satellites were hardened enough to keep operating for a long enough following a Nuclear ABM engagement to fulfill their mission.

The reason for the shift was that detonating a significant number of nuclear warheads in low earth orbit would have caused a large amount of high energy electrons to be trapped in those orbits; significantly degrading the operational lifetimes of satellites in those orbits.

A hardened military satellite with a rated lifetime of five years in orbit would fail in three months or less; while the larger fleet of civilian birds with no hardening would quickly die.

What's worse would be that the electrons trapped in those orbits would decay very slowly -- we're talking of a time frame of years here; essentially meaning that a significant portion of the orbital plane in LEO would be off limits to satellites for several years following a heavy Nuclear ABM engagement.

Other nations who are not as economically as dependent on satellites may not care about this when designing an ABM system; but we do.

 

RYANCRIERIE

6:39 PM ET

June 15, 2011

Oh it works. It just depends

Oh it works. It just depends on how much a hit you want to take from having LEO off limits for several years while it decays to a level that can support unhardened satellites again.

 

RYANCRIERIE

9:26 PM ET

June 15, 2011

Actually...

There was a proposed nuclear SM-2 in the 1980s.

It died because of delay lags involved -- if you put a nuclear SM-2 into a Mk 26 launcher or Mk 41 VLS, then you had to treat every weapon in that magazine as being nuclear; which slowed down the reaction times of the system.

There's more than enough weight and space margins within the SM-3 system to replace the kill vehicle with a multi-hundred kiloton warhead; and to outfit GBI with a megaton class warhead if we so wanted.

 

JALISA GONZALAS

11:07 PM ET

July 8, 2011

Billions for Missile Defense, Not a Dime for Common Sense

At a time of tight budgets, doubling down on a risky, easily foiled technology is more foolish than ever. "Anyway, the biggest threat is from NK, not Iran. If anything, we should be investing in a Pacific defense not a pie-in-the-sky idea for a Euro defense...contractor pork." Wow, I guess the fact that we have a very strong operational relationship with the Japanese Navy, and have conducted inter-service ABM tests between US Navy warships and Japanese Warships, where one warship of one nation tracks finance The military utility of the American ABM systems to be directed against Russia depends on the assumption that Russia will be unable to deploy its own ABM systems. And this appears false. Rather after a lag Russian ABM systems are very likely to appear(see similar US reasoning over the Atom bomb, Stealth fighters etc). The American monopoly of ABM's is likely to be a short run affair. And at its en.

 

PERSON_GUYZ

6:01 AM ET

July 10, 2011

Someone who is dishonest

Someone who is dishonest would use just the cost of the SLBMs (about $55 million each); to claim that we could add 100 more SLBMs for $6.6 billion USD flight simulator reviews. This means that if you want to add 120 x SLBMs in 5 x SSBNs on patrol in our deterrent force, you are going to have to buy 216 x SLBMs in 9 x SSBNs to reach that level; driving costs up to $29.8 billion. ($11.8 for the missiles, $18 for the SSBNs).