BY ABRAHAM M. DENMARK, ANDREW S. ERICKSON, AND GABRIEL COLLINS | JUNE 27, 2011

Six months ago, Gen. Liu Huaqing -- the father of China's modern navy and its commander from 1982 to 1988 (and, according to the state-run People's Daily, "a distinguished member of the CPC, a seasoned loyal Communist fighter, an outstanding proletarian revolutionist, politician and strategist, and an excellent leader of the Party, the state and the military") -- passed away. Liu sought to build China's navy first into a "green water" fleet and, eventually, into a full-fledged "blue water" navy capable of projecting power over vast distances. Key to realizing Liu's vision was an aircraft carrier, and Liu reportedly vowed: "I will not die with my eyes closed if I do not see a Chinese aircraft carrier in front of me."

While Liu may have died with his eyes open, they can close now. From the harbor at Dalian naval shipyard in northeast China, the first aircraft carrier of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will soon set sail for the first time. And much of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the Asia-watching strategic community in the United States, is hotly debating the implications of this move.

Adm. Robert Willard, commander of U.S. Pacific Command, said in an April interview with Bloomberg that he is "not concerned" about China's first carrier going to sea, but allowed: "Based on the feedback that we received from our partners and allies in the Pacific, I think the change in perception by the region will be significant." Japan's Asahi Shimbun quotes a military source as stating: "We can see that China is spending a huge amount of its military budget for the construction of aircraft carriers.... With its naval power, China is seriously trying to counter the United States. This stance could lead to small-scale clashes and friction with U.S. forces or the [Japanese] Self-Defense Forces." Australian Brig. Gen. John Frewen contends, "The unintended consequences of Chinese carriers pose the greatest threat to regional harmony in the decades ahead." The Hindustan Times, citing a senior Indian naval officer, emphasizes that China's "first aircraft carrier ... will be more advanced than anything India has or plans to get."

There is much that the world still does not know about how China intends to use this emerging capability, so we should start with what we do know. The carrier Varyag was purchased from Ukraine in 1998 and brought to Dalian in 2002. In Dalian, the PLAN's shipbuilders have filled in the "guts" that the original hull was missing, including engines, generators, and defense systems. At 65,000 tons, the ex-Varyag is smaller than the 100,000-ton American Nimitz-class carriers. Instead of the catapult used by American carriers to launch planes into the air, China's new carrier features a "ski-jump" ramp to help aircraft take off.

These two data points generally indicate that China's first aircraft carrier will not be nearly as capable as its American cousins. Varyag's smaller size, and especially its ski-jump ramp, mean that it will not be able to deploy heavier planes that require the assistance of a catapult to take off. As heavier planes are required to collect information, coordinate operations, fly for long periods of time, or drop heavy ordnance, it seems that Varyag will primarily be used to extend the umbrella of Chinese air cover from its shores (as opposed to more general power projection, such as striking ground or naval targets, as conducted by American aircraft carriers).

In addition to its technical shortcomings, a single aircraft carrier is of very limited military utility. Even once testing is completed, the carrier will have to be in maintenance for several months out of the year. Additionally, China currently lacks the experienced naval aviators and sailors needed to operate a carrier successfully and safely.

Tiffany A. Aiken/U.S. Navy/Getty Images

 

Abraham M. Denmark is senior advisor at the Center for Naval Analyses. Andrew S. Erickson is associate professor at the U.S. Naval War College and blogs at www.andrewerickson.com. Gabriel Collins is a commodity and security specialist who co-founded www.chinasignpost.com.

QUATRA

6:22 PM ET

June 27, 2011

Should We Be Afraid of China's New Aircraft Carrier?

China on the rise and the US in decline. When will the curves intersect?

 

NANJING03

3:18 PM ET

June 28, 2011

Well, let's see. America was

Well, let's see. America was -- and is -- a great maritime power for close to a century. America is still the world leader in the research and development of high technology. America successfully defended it's sea lanes of communications in the two World Wars and the 45 year long Cold War against the most powerful enemies of the 20th century without being the catalyst of aggression. China will have to decide where they will be in their relationship with the rest of the world in the next 100 years. Will their path, as an industrialized maritime nation, be remotely close to the successful path of the United States in peace, war, and prosperity? I am certain that China's foreign policy analysts are asking themselves that very question.

 

GRANT

1:43 AM ET

June 29, 2011

More importantly, there have

More importantly, there have been so many predictions that the U.S in an unstoppable decline over the past sixty years that it should be considered one of the major foundations of the publishing industry.

 

NONAMEHERE

10:17 PM ET

July 1, 2011

Nah

Consider that the United States elects a new President every four years, that US corporations must announce financial results every three months... and that 20 years represents roughly 5% of ALL United States history, while an equivalent cultural time span in China would encompass at least an entire century. Having said that, the lowest quality products China has been pumping out is ridiculousness. Stay away from their kid toys, handmade jewelry, and especially milk...

 

THE REALITY TSAR

5:03 PM ET

July 27, 2011

Never. China will break apart before it overtakes the US.

Once Obama and his anti-American co-conspirators are removed (Jan. 2013), we'll start to undo the damage they did.

1) Cut Gov. spending. Restrict the Govts. role to its Constitutional mandate. Defense, control the borders, etc...

2) Rebuild the military.

3) Cut tax rates. Get the economy rolling again (GDP should be growing at 5-6% after this recession but Obama's policies have smothered it...).

4) Drill baby Drill - reduce oil prices, be energy self sufficient. increase GDP, reduce Balance of payments, create jobs.

5) Fair trade not just Free trade......

China-

900,000,000 people living in poverty.

Run away inflation.

Rampant Corruption at every level of Government.

23% of the male populqation have no chance of finding a mate/spouse due the one child (No Girl) policy.

China has some positive trends going, but its future is highly shakey.

 

THE REALITY TSAR

5:12 PM ET

July 27, 2011

One other point.

Remember that but for the last Anti-American President, William Jefferson Clinton, China's missiles would still be blowing up on the launch pads.
Clinton and his good friend Ron Brown allowed Loral Corp to advance China's missile program 30 years. Prior to Loral's intervention Chinese Rockets ALWAYS blew up; within 18 months Loral had fixed the problem and within a couple of years China was able to hit Alaska.

China is great at reverse engineering, outright spying and stealing intellectual property but what have they invented? The communist system crushes individual initiative.

 

BABYLONANDON

7:40 AM ET

June 28, 2011

Maybe this will finally change things...

...and we will allow the Japanese to build carriers again. Let the Chinese deal with that!!

 

ORUJAM

10:24 AM ET

July 16, 2011

Now there's a thought worth mulling...

... unleash the Ninja Avenger. Japan is more than capable of building modern, high tech, state of the art carriers that'll make China's retrofit look like a sardine can, and give China something at their front door to really worry about. And not forgetting, there is South Korea as well.... between Japan and S.Korea they should be able to keep China's military ambitions in check.

 

LOL_IN_OREGON

12:00 PM ET

June 28, 2011

Our Major lender gets a "bigger gun"?

Since we seem to have ceded space to China, they will certainly want to be able to project surface power at us once they can easily "throw rocks" at us from the moon.

But, then, that won't happen for at least 5 or 10 years, so let's continue "borrowing our way to prosperity".

 

FRED LIST

3:34 PM ET

June 28, 2011

0% of world's commercial ships

What should we be panicking about?

The fact that the US produces close to 0% of the world's large commercial ships.

Who does enjoy a comparative advantage in shipbuilding?

South Korea (pop. 48 million) produced close to 40% of the world's ships in 2010; China just surpassed South Korea and Japan produces close to 20%

The US and its European allies? 0%

And we wonder why we suffer from mass unemployment?

 

LORI.SHAH

9:59 AM ET

June 29, 2011

It's Called Comparative Advantage

Have you considered that having the US get back into the ship building industry could actually work against the US?

The start up costs of a ship building industry are HUGE. Not to mention worker wages, insurance, and land are much more expensive here than in China. In the end, the ships built in the US would be significantly more expensive than the ships built in China and would never be competetive in the global market. If we can't sell the ships then there's no point in building them, we might as well get them from China at a much cheaper price.

It's basic economic theory.

 

MCGANNONMA

2:31 PM ET

June 29, 2011

And it's that attitude along with lax import taxes that .....

Well of course countries outside the U.S. have cheaper prices, because they have dirt cheap labor.

If we preclude ourselves from getting back into any industry because of start-ups costs, then guess what, we'll never be a leader in anything ever again. So how exactly is that could for the economy over the next 100 years, good for unemployment or good for anything for that matter.

cheaper is not better

We need to start looking past the sticker price on everything and think long term here

 

FORLORNEHOPE

4:31 PM ET

June 28, 2011

Anyone want a carrier

Hey us Brits have a couple of carriers building that we don't want. Gordon (one eyed bandit) Brown tied up the contracts for the ships to be built next to his constituency so tightly that it would cost more to cancel them than build them. So two modern 65000 tonne boats going cheap.

 

GUY HARDROCK

6:55 PM ET

June 28, 2011

America Should Be VERY Afraid...

...because this article misses the point...

It's not about weapons systems, naval technology, or anything at all having to do with the world TODAY...

China sees its future as a world-leading trading nation and global power, and is preparing to extend its political influence, protect trade routes and sea lanes, and to render the United States Navy 'obsolete' within 2000 miles of its cost.

It won't happen anytime soon (which is why this article misses the point), but... China takes the long view, something the United States is culturally UNABLE to do.

Consider that the United States elects a new President every four years, that US corporations must announce financial results every three months... and that 20 years represents roughly 5% of ALL United States history, while an equivalent cultural time span in China would encompass at least an entire century...

These 'pace-of-life' comparisons illustrate a tremendous strategic ADVANTAGE enjoyed by China. American strategists are not necessarily inferior to their Chinese counterparts, but they have no real chance of ever actually executing a five-year plan, much less a 20-year or 50-year strategy. (In fact, it could well be argued that the term "American strategist" is a complete oxymoron...)

Today, the United States Navy would annihilate anything China could put to sea, regardless of the so-called ASBM threat. In ten years, it may be much the same... but one day the USN will meet its match in the Chinese fleet, and the era of American high-seas dominance will come to an end...

 

FORLORNEHOPE

3:16 AM ET

July 17, 2011

Suez

You could have written that the French and Brits could annihilate anything the Egyptians could put to sea but the US pulled the plug financially and they had to retreat. At some point in the next ten or twenty years the US will want to take military action and China will threaten to dump treasury bonds. They don't need to go to war.

 

BEEMER1201

7:09 PM ET

June 28, 2011

I'll be worried when...

China builds, not buys, an aircraft carrier using indigenous technology.

 

COFFIE

9:22 PM ET

June 28, 2011

This ship was a knock-off, right?

It reminds me some events before the armaments race of WW 1 had started. I am not certain of the specific issues, but I studied that the German Kaiser at the time, Wilhem II, had read a book on maritime power. He had apparently scribbled in it a phrase close enough to "Great powers project sea military power. Germany must have its fleet build." The phrase matches the description coming from China, "All the big boys got it, when are we grown enough to have it?"

It is not that there are wasting good money on a ship, they could seek security. Hey, North and South Korea are still at their throats. But China has got to figure a better way to interact with Viet Nam, Phillipines, Taiwan (which is ahem) and Japan than an old ship, which was meant to be converted to a casino. Managing and interacting with people - both foreign and their own nationals - can prove to be a harder issue than the technical design of a machine. When a nation figures this out, that is when you are grown up enough to work with it.

I am surprised at the a justification in financing the ship. Instead of "Nah, not doing much, security or something", to be along the lines of "All other nations have it", is worrying. It reveals some insecurities about themselves.

 

JBROCKLE

10:47 AM ET

June 29, 2011

You're talking about

The Influence of Seapower Upon History, by Mahan.

 

LAOWAIBLOG

10:38 PM ET

June 28, 2011

Don't be afraid

China does not mean to incite war of any sort. To gain power China is using its well accumulated wealth to invest in countries all over the world.

Read this China five year plan analysis by an expert in the Eurasia group to see where is China headed militarily: http://laowaiblog.com/the-new-china/

 

GRANT

1:44 AM ET

June 29, 2011

Talk of carriers distracts

Talk of carriers distracts from China's real threat in a clash, its submarines and missiles.

 

MUTT3003

8:48 AM ET

June 29, 2011

Ukraine?

The world needs to worried that the Chinese have a carrier. This thing is second hand from Ukraine! If Ukraine didn't want it, what does that say? So now China can build fifty knock-offs of a carrier that was probably designed before WWII using ramps for takeoffs. China can load it with knock-off aircraft from Russia and knock-off weapon systems from Pakistan or Iran. Everybody forgets one thing about China. What was the last thing that China actually innovated that the world wants? Would that be gun powder? Even back then it was probably copied from somewhere else.
And as a comment above noted - China takes the long view, so the US better watch out. Does that mean in 500 years, 1000 years? Personally I would believe the latter. They might want to hurry up though, global warming will destroy the planet before that. At least that's what they say.

 

NICOLESIMONS

4:34 PM ET

June 29, 2011

Take a look

Whether China carrier entry will make any significant changes in the near future esp in Asian`s water,that is yet to be seen. My guess is,yes,it will . To say that she will threaten her immediate neighbor,no, I don't think so. For all these to happen,China itself will have everything to loose. Her ambition now is to project to the world her long record of civilisations and also to tell the world esp the US,we can do better karmaloop promo codes. Had China wanted her way,she don't have to buy the US bonds. She can afford to realize them at a loss and guess what would happen next.

History has shown that they don't go around and conquer any country . With her hard earned wealth,she has the duty to safeguard all her interests by building up the 3 armed services. US,being the world biggest arms supplier would go around to tell a different story to shove her arms sales. When you are so used to be the number one in the world,suddenly there's a competitor ,you feel uneasy. More so,when one side is tipping down the scale and the other going up by leaps and bound. That's the reality !

 

RUNNINGFUND

9:08 PM ET

June 29, 2011

Only reason

that countries like China feel the need to have an Aircraft Carrier is because the hegemony of the USA..I think any country that doesn't try to arm itself against the USA is foolish.

 

CLAZY8

9:50 AM ET

July 8, 2011

Almost right

You don't get anything for "arming against the USA" unless you actually engage in a war with the USA -- you see how well Germany and Japan did once hostilities were over. It's kinda like how kids who are afraid to show their attraction for a peer channel the emotion into *delusions of antagonism*. Once the big fight is over, friendship begins. Absent a war, you're just wasting your money, like the Soviets. Unfortunately they armed themselves too well. Nuclear weapons ensured their isolation, and they never enjoyed the beneficent hand of US occupation.

 

WWW.SOFA-GUIDE.COM

3:04 PM ET

July 8, 2011

what do you expect, they are

what do you expect, they are a rising superpower

 

CHANGS

1:29 AM ET

July 9, 2011

China's manipulation of it's currency and cheap exports

China will probably destroy the US through it's manipulation of it's currency and selling us it cheap exports rather than fight a war against us.

At our current rate of borrowing from China to finance our government they will one day own this country without a war. We are going to follow the route of the Soviet Union unless we learn that we can not fight wars on borrowed money.

If we are going to survive we need to get our spending under control, raise tax levels back to what they were before G. Bush and start to rebuild the infrastructure of this country and rebuild our manufacturing base.

The short sighted viewpoint of our corporate leaders who are more concerned with short term profits than long term survival must be corrected and brought under control.

Chang S

 

TAVARES

11:32 PM ET

July 19, 2011

China sees its future as a

China sees its future as a world-leading trading nation and global power, and is preparing to extend its political influence, Tavares protect trade routes and sea lanes, and to render the United States Navy 'obsolete' within 2000 miles of its cost.

 

VIEWEUROPE

1:30 PM ET

July 22, 2011

China's financial power far more serious

I suspect that US forces are far superior to Chinese forces plus they have had a lot more practise too.

China's political strength comes from its financial strength. If you look at recent events like the Dalai Lama's visit to Washington what is making Obama so shy? It is not aircraft carriers or nukes it is China's financial power.

 

BSPOLICY

6:23 PM ET

July 24, 2011

Relevant for local conflics only.....

Aircraft carriers are yesterday's technology. It will help China in terms of its local power base & interests but otherwise it is irrelevant. If
events hot up in the South China Seas I imagine it will heading out there at some stage. Maybe some military exercises near Taiwan or Vietnam too?

 

LALOPARSAD

6:15 AM ET

July 25, 2011

Not to mention worker wages,

Not to mention worker wages, insurance, and land are much more expensive here than in China. In the end, the ships built in the US would be significantly more expensive than the ships built in China and would never be competetive in the global market waystoearnmoneyonline. If we are going to survive we need to get our spending under control, raise tax levels back to what they were before G. Bush and start to rebuild the infrastructure of this country and rebuild our manufacturing base.

 

KEYBASHER

7:13 AM ET

July 28, 2011

Don't bet yet, folks

When a one-party state hosts an Olympics, ten years later that state circles the drain if it isn't already down it. To wit:

1936: Berlin Olympics / Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics
1946: Allied Occupation

1980: Moscow Olympics
1990: Collapse of Communism

1984: Sarajevo Winter Olympics
1994: Yugoslav Civil War

2008: Beijing Olympics:
2018: ?

Remember, you heard it here first.