Idle Kingdom

Saudi Arabia’s youth unemployment woes go far deeper than most realize.

BY ELLEN KNICKMEYER | JULY 19, 2011

JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia—In the wide stretch of the Middle East bypassed by revolution, Arab spring turned to Arab summer peacefully but not altogether promisingly for the Arab world's largest-ever surge of young people. In Saudi Arabia, more than half-a-million proud high school and college seniors crossed the stage at graduation ceremonies. The new graduates step into a job market featuring the highest regional youth unemployment rate in the world.

Around the Gulf, gold prices are hitting their annual summer spike for the wedding season, as young men lucky enough to have the means shower dowries upon their beloved, and launch their adult lives as respectable married men.

For older Saudi men fortunate enough to have government jobs, summer this year means flying off with the wife and kids for summer vacations in Europe and Turkey. The families, and Euro Disney, are reaping the benefits of revolution in the Arab world. That's thanks to a two-month salary bonus that Saudi King Abdullah ordered to maintain the prevailing peace in his kingdom, as part of a massive public-benefits package intended to stave off unrest. (Owing to the troubles, Gulf vacationers are staying away from closer holiday spots in Egypt and Lebanon this summer.)

In her mother's home in the coastal city of Jeddah, Nada Jan, a 26-year-old with a special-education major and a bachelor's degree who is losing her drive after a nearly four-year job search, stirs in her sleep and yawns.

As horrible as the roughly 40 percent unemployment figures are for Arab young people overall, they're worse for any ambitious college-educated Saudi women, analysts say: 30 percent of Saudi women of all ages looking for jobs can't find any, and 78 percent of the fruitlessly job-seeking women have university degrees.

For young men, prospects aren't much better. Behind a sales counter at a mall in Riyadh, 21-year Abdul Rahman Saeed -- like Nada, a Saudi in a national labor market overwhelmed by the flood of cheap labor from South Asia -- sells mobile phones. In between chats with customers about phone accessories, he despairs of ever pulling a job with enough salary to marry the love of his young life.

All is calm here in Saudi Arabia, but that doesn't mean all is well.  

Just when a rising wave of young Saudis is hitting the job market, in a generational surge of tens of millions of new workers expected to subside in the kingdom only around 2050, and just when Arab governments  most want youth jobs for the sake of stability, economists are concluding that decades of effort by Gulf governments to get their young into the labor market have fallen short -- way short.

Omar Salem/AFP/Getty Images

 

Ellen Knickmeyer is a former Washington Post Middle East bureau chief and Associated Press Africa bureau chief. The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting contributed to the costs of reporting this article.

SUNNYMIG6

9:45 PM ET

July 19, 2011

It's sad that the Saudi Gov.

It's sad that the Saudi Gov. has so much money and at the same time so many young people. Too bad these idiots don't care about the developing world because they could do alot of good work with their oil profits. Starting farming and educational programs in Africa, like the U.S. peace corp. It would be a rewarding experience for the young Arabs. To bad they only donate to suicide bombers and hate mosque in the ME, while the U.S and Euro look the other way. wtf , America you need to recognize your true enemy

 

FP_READER

1:37 PM ET

July 20, 2011

Future for US

Saudi Arabia is a study of the future for the US, or any developed country, that fails to control its immigration, legal or illegal.

Flooding your labor markets with cheap, desperate, unskilled labor is a boon to a few, but impoverishes all in the long run.

Enough poor and disillusioned nationals who worked for an education that find they have wasted their time eventually find 'gainful employment' disrupting politcal and social systems.

 

GLOBALFORCES

9:28 PM ET

July 21, 2011

Anyone hoping for major

Anyone hoping for major upheaval soon is likely to be disappointed. The word that recurs in Saudi Arabia is "gradual". The increase in activism is relative and demands remain modest.

Any activism remains within very tightly constrained bounds in this still fiercely conservative country. The present ruler, King Abdullah, is known as more moderate on many issues than many predecessors and many other senior royals. He has tacitly encouraged campaigns for silver necklace women's rights. His own decision to moderate the strict policy of gender segregation at the huge new research university he has had built on the outskirts of Riyadh enraged local conservatives. In much of the kingdom, women remain heavily veiled even inside a private home if there is an unrelated man present, and single men are banned from shopping malls.

There are very clear rules about what criticisms can be voiced within the kingdom. These are so widely understood they do not have to be enforced.

Social issues such as bureaucratic incompetence, poverty and corruption can be denounced but only as long as the authority and integrity of the house best ceiling fans of Al Saud are not questioned. Widespread anger at graft is thus rarely voiced, even if, as the jigsaw solvers put it, "the ceiling on what can be said has risen a lot".

So an academic who posted an article imagining Saudi Arabia without the royal family on his Facebook page was jailed for three months. So too, in February and March, were hundreds of Shia demonstrators from the kingdom's eastern oil-rich areas within whose community there is deep resentment at continuing discrimination.

The unpredictability of the far from monolithic authorities also acts as a deterrent. In May, several female drivers were detained, one for 10 days, yet no action was taken against about 40 women who drove two weeks ago. Officials "decided it was better to let their families deal with them", according to General Seoexpert Mansour al-Turki, a spokesman for the interior ministry. But this week, religious police arrested five.

The greatest severity is reserved not for "liberals" – though harassment is continual – but for Shia activists accused of links to Iran, and political Islamists whose organisation, ideology and criticism of the religious legitimacy of Saudi rulers are seen as extremely dangerous.

"The basic watchword is that reforms are to be granted by the king, not won through agitation, organisation and direct action," says one Riyadh-based analyst. "You can make your views known – there is a traditional right of audience and petition which is upheld – but that's it."

Many Saudis do not merely accept this, but welcome it. "It has to be remembered that the royal family are sitting on top of the most conservative society in the region, if not the world, and democracy is a foreign word, whatever is happening elsewhere [in the region]," says a second western Riyadh-based observer. The 87-year-old king remains popular, seen as a grandfatherly patriarch, despite the frequent complaints about his thousands of relatives.

Jamal Khashoggi, a prominent reformist journalist, stresses how the rule of the house of Al Saud is seen as maintaining the cohesion of a relatively new country containing many different communities.

"Egypt has sometimes been smaller or bigger but has not been divided for thousands of years. The Egyptians have their identity," says Khashoggi. "Saudis did not take to the streets demonstrating for change [because] they knew they could never agree. We all want a better country. Some want a more liberal country, some a more conservative country. But we all want a united country."

Others point to the lack of tradition of public protest – political gatherings or parties are illegal – to explain why there has been no "Saudi summer" after the Arab spring. There is also the clergy's support for the royals by the clergy in this deeply religious country. In March, senior clerics dutifully issued a fatwa, religious opinion, stating that it was un-Islamic to demonstrate.

"Here, there is no pretence. We know we do not choose the king. There are no fake promises of democracy," says Khashoggi.

 

MACCHIAVELLI

3:24 PM ET

July 20, 2011

The saudis have more hard

The saudis have more hard currency than anyone else on earth except for the central bankers who print it. What did they decide to do with that liquidity? Spend it on their exponentially growing royalty.

There's a scene in the movie Syriana when Matt Damon is talking to the saudi prince in the desert and he says something to the effect of "you guys spend your money on bullshit instead of using it to build economy, and in 100 years you're gonna be wiping your ass with your hands just like how you were 100 years ago and you're gonna be remembered for squandering the greatest natural resource ever known to man."

its true. they have so much resource but the corrupt and unsophisticated stone age people they are, they won't use it to create a bit of prosperity for their everyman.

they are so lucky the US supports their house of cards.

 

SPEAK YOUR MIND

11:36 PM ET

July 20, 2011

Resource Curse

Thats what you call the recourse curse. There are no shortcuts to successful societies. All has to be learnt the hard way

 

SPEAK YOUR MIND

11:34 PM ET

July 20, 2011

The picture of a Saudi youth free wheeling is misleading

FP editor, come on you need to make sure that the graphics and the content match

 

KRYPTER

8:54 AM ET

July 21, 2011

Lazy Saudis

Anyone who's ever had to the misfortune to hire Saudis knows they're some of the laziest, most self-entitled people on the planet. This is why not even Saudi employers want to hire them; they prefer foreigners. Saudi "university degrees" are also a joke, and their educational system is overburdened with Islamist hatred and religious indoctrination rather than the rounded universalist education found on western (and increasingly East Asian) campuses.

The high youth unemployment rate is also made worse by Islamist social mores that encourage people to have 5-6 children, an idiotic religious policy that's already killing Pakistan and Bangladesh. Pretty soon Saudi, a desert kingdom, will be over-full of Islamist fanatics and penniless when the world's reliance on oil subsides in 30-40 years.

 

NADA JAN

11:15 PM ET

July 21, 2011

yeah thats me XD

i loved the article thank you ELLEN :)

 

STANDUP

4:55 PM ET

August 9, 2011

Saudi royal family playing a good game

Youth unemployment is an issue in Saudi Arabia but that is not because of a lack of jobs but because the very pampered young do not want them at the wages the private sector pays. That's very different to the circumstances in Egypt and Tunisia You are singing the wrong tune here.

It also works very well for the Saudi Royal family that so many Saudi's work for the government as this extends their patronage still further so you have not got the same sort of independent middle class you see in some other Arab states. If you look at recent events you can see how the Saudi royal family is using the power of patronage with the announcement of the Saudi plan to spend $400bn on infrastructure, education and jobs creation.

Will the Saudi Royal family have to face the music anytime soon? I do not think so. In fact they are playing too good a game.

 

PATRICK GIMBLE

9:25 PM ET

August 11, 2011

http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/14/no_pakistan_is_

In my view
This moshi monster ice cream game It was wonderful,
playing nearly two hours before my highest score ! Love it so far, quality animation and good characters/storyline. But damn you Mardek for making me try to do a reaction to every attack.
.
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Learn more:faye reagan

 

CRUNCHBERRY21

3:35 PM ET

August 17, 2011

problem of a rapidly growing population

The nation heavily depends upon foreign workers for from menial jobs, construction and also the service sector to operate requiring advanced skills like technology and hospital jobs. Employers often say Saudis lack adequate training and skills, or demand excessive salaries. The largest employer of Saudis may be the government, while foreigners dominate private sector jobs at many levels.

The nation's people in this country keeps growing a couple of.4 % annually, using the figure significantly higher for native Saudis. The populace is heavily weighted about the young side -- over fifty percent the populace is under Two decades old and 40 % aged 15 or much younger.

That places great pressure about the government to produce long-term jobs because of its citizens, and Riyadh continues to be pushing strongly a "Saudi-isation" policy to put native Saudis in jobs that foreigners hold.

 

AXELBROOK

5:31 AM ET

August 19, 2011

Ronald Reagan won the U.S.

Ronald Reagan won the U.S. presidency in 1980, at the end of a decade of humiliation and frustration for the American people. using his affable personality as a potent political weapon, Reagan helped to restore confidence in the country's future and went on to convert millions of Americans to his conservative ideology. during the 1980s, Reagan oversaw a sustained economic recovery, driven primarily by one of the greatest bull markets of all time on Wall Street. soaring profits in the stock market minted millionaires by the thousands, lending the Reagan Era a certain gold-rush aura as more people attained spectacular wealth than ever before in American history. RIO looking beyond America's borders, the 1980s brought first heightened tension and then unexpected victory in the decades-old Cold War with the Soviet Union; the peaceful collapse of the global Communist bloc Reagan once denounced as an "Evil Empire" stood as a monumental triumph in American foreign policy..