How Saudi Arabia and Qatar Became Friends Again

And why their rapprochement could mean an early end for the Arab Spring.

BY SULTAN SOOUD AL QASSEMI | JULY 21, 2011

In the spring of 2006, Qatar's then energy minister broke his silence on a stalled, multibillion-dollar project to supply Qatari gas to Kuwait. "We have received no clearance from Saudi Arabia" he said. "Hence it is not feasible." Fast-forward five years and things couldn't look more different.

The gas-supply project is emblematic of the hot-cold relationship between Qatar and Saudi Arabia. The deal was initially proposed by the Qataris in 2001, denied permission by the Saudis, then approved in 2003, and then denied once again in 2006. The roller-coaster-like diplomatic relations between the two energy-rich neighbors dates back to 1992, when a border clash caused the death of two guards. Relations went downhill from there.

Riyadh's vocal objections to Doha's plans stretched to a proposed bridge between Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, as well as a bilateral gas pipeline now in operation, which according to Reuters prompted the kingdom to send official letters in 2006 to the pipeline's minority partners, France's Total and the United States' Occidental Petroleum Corp., questioning its proposed route.

Saudi Arabia's then crown prince, Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz, boycotted a summit of Islamic states in Qatar in 2000 to protest the presence to the Israeli trade office in Doha. Riyadh then withdrew its ambassador to Qatar in 2002 following controversial comments made by Saudi dissidents on Qatar's Al Jazeera satellite channel.

The dispute took a personal tone when lawyers for Qatar's first lady, Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser al-Missned, argued in a libel case she won against a London-based Arabic newspaper in 2005 that the paper was, as Dawn reported, "controlled by Saudi intelligence paymasters who used the newspaper as a mouthpiece for a propaganda campaign against Qatar and its leadership." In April 2008, the London-based, Saudi-owned Arabic daily Asharq Al-Awsat apologized for printing three "wholly untrue" articles back in 2006 alleging that Qatar's prime minister had visited Israel in secret.

During its decade of cold relations with Saudi Arabia, Qatar warmed up to Syria, the leader of the so-called resistance axis in Arab politics. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and Qatari Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani were frequent visitors to each other's countries, and Qatari investors poured billions of dollars into the struggling Syrian economy. Both states, along with Iran, Hezbollah, and Hamas, were seen as a regional counterbalance to the pro-Western axis of Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. (The Saudis made their displeasure with Qatar's maverick policies clear on a number of occasions. Saudi Arabia, along with Egypt, refused to attend a January 2009 summit in Qatar supported by Syria and Hamas and instead held another summit in Riyadh just one day before.)

Wishing to put an end to the bad blood, Qatari Prime Minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber al-Thani, widely seen as the architect of Qatar's foreign policy, accompanied the emir on a surprise visit to Riyadh in September 2007. Relations quickly improved following that visit, with the Saudi monarch attending the Gulf Cooperation Council summit in Doha that December. By next March, the new Saudi crown prince, Sultan, had paid a three-day visit to Doha, the first since 2002. In July 2008, the Saudis played host to a high-level summit in Jeddah that saw the two neighbors demarcate their border and set up a joint council to be chaired by both states' crown princes -- who are more than 50 years apart in age -- to strengthen political, security, financial, economic, commercial, investment, cultural, and media relations.

It was perhaps that last aspect of the pact that drew the most attention. The New York Times reported in 2008 that the Qatari emir had taken the chairman and general manager of Al Jazeera with him to Riyadh in September 2007. One Al Jazeera employee claimed in an email message to the Times that "Orders were given not to tackle any Saudi issue without referring to the higher management" and that subsequently "All dissident voices disappeared from our screens." Al Jazeera is now accused of rarely taking on sensitive topics involving its larger neighbor.

Relations hit a high in May 2010 when the Qatari emir pardoned -- upon King Abdullah's request -- an undisclosed number of Saudis who were accused by Doha of taking part in a 1996 coup led by loyalists of Sheikh Hamad's ousted father. Upon arriving in Saudi Arabia, the released prisoners were received by the crown prince in his palace in Jeddah.

-/AFP/Getty Images

 

Sultan Sooud Al Qassemi is a commentator on Arab affairs. Based in the United Arab Emirates, he tweets at @SultanAlQassemi.

ATHARMIAN

6:52 PM ET

July 24, 2011

Saudi-Qatar warm up and the Arab Spring

The author has an eerie inside knowledge of GCC affairs. None of this information would be available to even the most veteran Western journalists involved (the Seymour Hirsches for instance), and so Sultan Al-Qassemi's coverage is crucial for an in-depth understanding of the Middle East for policymakers and readers everywhere.

There is no guarantee that Saudi Arabia and Qatar will continue to be nice to each other, given the tumultuous diplomatic history. Iran can exert quiet influence, US might be worried about an alliance it may think could threaten its own hegemony, and Syria's Bashar Al-Assad might do a complete about face and announce a "short" vacation abroad while affairs are negotiated behind closed doors, much as with Yemen as we speak. Both Iran and Saudis have many trump cards, as the US struggles to redefine its Iran policy, with growing Iranian regional influence and its recently rejuvenated economy along with new (same old) players like China and Russia, and now Turkey, peeking in as well.

The Arab Spring, now Summer, becoming Fall, is undergoing its own dynamic with fits and starts, like any other revolution in history. Most likely the Arab Spring will turn out to be less about regional or global influence as the world again becomes multi-polar, and more about what its own masses want. The Brotherhood has been around long enough and seems open enough to partnerships that its leadership role will be assured.

 

IDESOFMARCH

12:58 PM ET

August 10, 2011

Geopolitics and morality are not the best of bed fellows

The somewhat myopic view in Qatar and Saudi Arabia of the pros and cons of dictators being overthrown by their peoples can of course be explained by the fact that their Royal families were not exactly elected either. So you cannot expect them to be singing the benefits of Arab Springs from the rooftops. Why are they friends again? Because they realize they may be next to fall. After all ruling Royal families are a bit of an endangered species in that neck of the woods if current events are anything to go by. Do we want these regimes to face the
music? Not if they are going to be replaced by an Islamic or Islamic biased government. Ditto alas for Syria.

And as regards the Qatari Olympics - at PR corporate events in years to come I suspect it will be a case study as the most expensive and most disastrous public relations event ever. Having 10,000 Western journalists in your backyard is not a good idea especially if they have visited Amnesty International's page on Quatar's human rights violations and conditins for foreign workers. Oh dear!.

 

DAYSI LOTH

11:28 PM ET

August 15, 2011

How Saudi Arabia and Qatar Became Friends Again

Syria faced a groundswell of international condemnation over its deadly crackdown on the city of Hama but NATO's chief on Monday ruled out a Libya-style intervention to halt the bloodshed.Russia, which has threatened to veto any UN Security Council resolution against the government of close ally President Bashar al-Assad, joined a long list of nations to condemn the kayden kross regime's brutality. Russia's foreign ministry said in a statement that the "use of force against both peaceful civilians and representatives of state structures is unacceptable and should be stopped immediately."Global leaders fiercely attacked Assad's government after reports that his security forces killed nearly 140 people in an assault on pro-democracy protesters in Hama. But NATO chief Anders Fogh Rasmussen ruled out military support for anti-Assad forces, on the grounds that there is no international consensus in favour of intervention. "In Libya, we're carrying out an operation based on a clear UN mandate. We have the support of countries in the region. These two conditions are not met in Syria," he told France's Midi Libre regional daily.The Security Council was due to meet at 2100 GMT on Monday, but British Foreign Secretary William Hague agreed that there was no prospect of achieving a UN mandate for a military operation."It's not a remote possibility, even if we were in favour of that, which we're not," he told BBC radio."There is no prospect of a legal, morally sanctioned military intervention. And therefore we have to concentrate on other ways of influencing the Assad regime and of trying to help the situation in Syria," he said."It is a very frustrating situation."European Union foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton meanwhile looked to the UN as the 27-nation bloc tightened the screws on Damascus by beefing up sanctions."It is time for the Security Council to take a clear stand on the need to end the violence," Ashton said.In a statement on Sunday she said it was the duty of Syrian security forces to protect citizens, "not massacre them indiscriminately."

 

AXELBROOK

5:37 AM ET

August 19, 2011

You need the experience at

You need the experience at the top not at the bottom. All presidents have experience people to give them advice. RIO In the end the president makes the final decision..

 

RUDDERMANN

11:57 PM ET

August 19, 2011

friends for now - just wait

Qatar, which like Saudi Arabic officially practices the Wahhabi version of Islam, obviously feels more comfortable with the actual Brotherhood sharing hojo motor plans compared to the Saudis. Saudi Arabia can also be concerned for the balance of Lebanon, which would undoubtedly be affected by a routine collapse in Syria. Possibly Qaradawi's influence and existence in Qatar, where he has resided since 1961, describes why Doha was prepared to publicly break along with Assad while Saudi Arabia offers maintained some degree of support. The Syrian revolt, such as Egypt's, has been partially brought by the country's banned Muslim Brotherhood, which frequently meets with liberals and other competitors factions to arrange for a post-Assad Syria.

 

STEPHANY141

3:09 AM ET

August 20, 2011

How Saudi Arabia and Qatar Became Friends Again

And why their rapprochement could mean an early end for the Arab Spring. Qatar, which like Saudi Arabic officially practices the Wahhabi version of Islam, obviously feels more comfortable with the actual Brotherhood sharing hojo motor plans compared to the Saudis. Saudi Arabia can also be concerned for the balance of Lebanon, which would undoubtedly be affected by a routine collapse in Syria. Possibly Qaradawi's influence and existence in Qatar, where he has resided si car donation Syria faced a groundswell of international condemnation over its deadly crackdown on the city of Hama but NATO's chief on Monday ruled out a Libya-style intervention to halt the bloodshed.Russia, which has threatened to veto any UN Security Council resolution against the government of close ally President Bashar al-Assad, joined a long list of nations to condemn the kayden kross regime's brutality.

 

GARY BERULIE

3:48 AM ET

August 20, 2011

How Saudi Arabia and Qatar Became Friends Again

However, in subsequent contacts Qatari overtures managed to calm the Saudis and relations improved further after al-Jazeera was ordered "not to tackle any Saudi issue without referring to the higher management," Qassemi said, citing e-mail sent by an al-Jazeera employee to The New York Times. Recent rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Qatar led to the Qatar television channel softening its media coverage of Saudi political developments, in particular those concerning Saudi dissidents, ashlynn brooke said.Qatari and Saudi ties are growing warmer, he said. For instance, in the past few weeks, Qatar Airways has been allowed to operate a lot more flights to Saudi Arabia -- from 35 to 60 per week. In September, a delegation of 100 Saudi businessmen will visit Qatar to discuss joint business opportunities, including the establishment of a Saudi-Qatari bank and joint industrial zone.Al-Jazeera, long-banned in the kingdom, has also been given the green light to set up a Saudi bureau.The friendly relations are likely to continue at least till 2022 when Doha will play host to the FIFA World Cup, for which it has earmarked $65 billion-$100 billion and invested considerable political capital, Qassemi said.