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The Shape of the Global Economy Will Fundamentally Change

It's not a crash, it's the new normal.

BY MOHAMED EL-ERIAN | SEPT/OCT 2011

Who would have thought just 18 months ago that a member of the eurozone, the most elite club of economies in Europe, could have a worse credit rating than Pakistan? And yet this is the case for Greece today, perched on the verge of a debt restructuring; two other eurozone countries (Ireland and Portugal), meanwhile, are already in Europe's intensive care unit, receiving large bailouts.

And who would have thought that a rating agency would dare question the sacred AAA credit rating of the United States, the sole supplier of global public goods such as the international reserve currency (the dollar) and a financial system that serves as the nexus of international capital flow? Still, that's exactly what Standard & Poor's has done: In August the agency downgraded the United States’ AAA status to AA+, citing policymaking uncertainty in Washington and the country’s lack of a long-term plan to deal with its fiscal problems.

And who would have thought that the same country, which is renowned for its flexible labor markets and dynamic entrepreneurship, would experience a persistently high unemployment rate? Well, this is the case for the United States, where unemployment is stuck at around 9 percent, unemployment among 20-to-24-year-olds is a staggering 14.5 percent, and the related joblessness problems are becoming increasingly structural in nature.

There are, of course, several bespoke reasons for these developments. But together, they speak to major realignments that are fundamentally changing the character of the global economy and how it functions. Three things in particular have had a significant influence, and they will continue to shape the world we live in for years to come.

First, too many advanced economies face problems rooted far below the surface, in their balance sheets and in the structure of their economies. This is not just about the unemployment crisis and the rapidly deteriorating public finances that, in cases such as Greece's, have reached alarming levels. It is also about malfunctioning housing markets, a continued breakdown in bank credit intermediation, and weak political leadership in the midst of messy party politics.

Second, rather than deal with these structural problems, policymakers have preferred to kick the can down the road. As a result, the problems have festered and become more entrenched, and the risk of adverse contagion has risen.

This is most obvious in Europe, where a liquidity approach -- involving piling new debt on top of already crushing obligations -- has repeatedly been applied to Greece's debt solvency crisis. This has also transferred massive liabilities from the private sector to Greek and European taxpayers and contaminated previously healthy institutions such as the European Central Bank. It is also the case in the United States, where unprecedented stimulus spending has failed to sufficiently reignite growth and job creation.

Third, several emerging economies have hit their developmental breakout phase, largely undeterred until now by the misfortunes of the developed world. You see this in Brazil, China, Indonesia, and several other countries. In the process, they have gone from strength to strength, so much so that their economies have started overheating at a time when more established countries are languishing. This is new territory for the global marketplace, one in which the less mature countries are more robust and resilient than their advanced peers and are able to grow sustainably at high levels while also strengthening their balance sheets.

Absent a major policy mistake -- a lurch toward protectionism, disorderly defaults, or disruptions to the international payment and settlement system, for instance -- we should expect these global realignments to continue.

It will take several years for the advanced economies to fully rehabilitate their balance sheets and restore the conditions for high growth and employment creation. In the meantime, income and wealth distribution will become even more skewed, morphing from an economic issue into a sociopolitical one.

Biddiboo/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS: ECONOMICS
 

Mohamed El-Erian is CEO of investment management firm Pimco and author of When Markets Collide.

SEO KENT

4:14 AM ET

August 15, 2011

Where to next?

How is it possible that the EU and America have fallen foul of these huge deficits. These are countries which between them and in history have been the super-power of the world. I think it is good that we have countries such as Brazil, India and Russia have risen up to the challange and expanded their economy. But the EU and America seriosuly need to to think long and hard about where they are and how they can start adding some value again. seo kent

 

MRMONDAY

9:11 AM ET

August 15, 2011

None of these major problems

None of these major problems come as a shock, and the downgrading of the US credit rating might be the only way people take notice. The economic policies that never work from home will not work abroad, and the US needs to finally address its serious structural problems.

 

NEWSBRINK

12:25 PM ET

August 15, 2011

Will anyone do anything?

Nobody will really do anything. People may complain about the economic crisis and what not but really in America people have too much to lose. Do we really want to lose our LED tvs and our cool cars with gps? Probably not. In the end we will go back to the ballot box and continue to participate in the same system that got us here.

http://www.newsbrink.com

 

BIZNETS

12:58 PM ET

August 15, 2011

Just a natural cycle of events?

Maybe in the grand scale of things this is just natural progession? the West first with England and Norhern Europe via the Industrial revolution then Japan, as the workforce prosperred and living conditions improved the demand for material wealth increrased, wages increased and the cost of producduction soared, hence the move to the east for cheap labour, China and India anyone!

Twitter Signs

 

DAVEMCLANE

5:18 PM ET

August 15, 2011

In a word

The word that forms the foundation for all of the above is "growth" which has two very different meanings. It typically and in this case means growth in the number of zeros added to the dollar price of things while the non-monetary amount of goods and services is something quite different.

As long as they move more or less together no great harm comes to the working class -- although damage is done to those who save their dollars for a rainy day -- but somewhere along the line, say around 1970, these two kinds of growth began to separate and that's what we have today: lots of dollars, less and less non-monetary goods and services.

This of course is way to simple but I do believe it's the bottom line.

 

SLIGHTLY_OPTIMISTIC

1:48 AM ET

August 16, 2011

Global public goods?

The US is the sole supplier of global public goods? Anyway global ratings agencies certainly don't recognise key political considerations such as global public goods, however defined and evaluated.

The cost of such goods? Unknown of course, but the top holders of US treasuries at the end of June were China [$1166 bn], Japan [$911bn] and the UK [$350 bn] .

What's stopping the United Nations, as a matter of urgency, getting agreement on global public goods?

 

ORMONDOTVOS

2:09 PM ET

August 16, 2011

Another garbage article... where's global warming?

Two things: the author completely ignores the proven ability of the parasitic consumer rich to bleed any advances in surplus output from the system and secondly, he ignores the effects of global warming in an article about future economics.

Fail.

 

MARTY MARTEL

8:22 PM ET

August 16, 2011

China will be the village trader of the world

The shape of the global economy is already changing fundamentally - but the real culprit is free trade unlike what Mr. El-Erian postulates.

It is precisely the free trade that has allowed China to keep amassing ever increasing foreign exchange reserves that China successfully uses to bail out many a companies and many a countries around the world. That in turn allows China to have ever increasing political influence.

Before long China will be able to dictate economic policies to many countries. China will become a monopolistic village trader who lends to everybody and hence dictates to everybody in the village.

The world has to thank so-called free trade for this coming economic juggernaut that China has already become.

How long can this one way trade in favor of China with so many countries in the world continue?

How long can China continue to amass foreign currency reserves before the world says enough is enough?

China is already redistributing wealth, pace of which will only increase with China increasing its forex reserves.

Sooner or later the trade-deficit countries have to put a stop to this one way trade and erect trade barriers. That is the only way to save them from utter ruin that cheap Chinese products have brought.

 

KEYBASHER

6:43 AM ET

August 17, 2011

Don't bet on China just yet

When a one-party state hosts an Olympics, ten years later that state circles the drain if it isn't already down it. To wit:

1936: Berlin Olympics / Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics
1946: Allied Occupation

1980: Moscow Olympics
1990: Collapse of Communism

1984: Sarajevo Winter Olympics
1994: Yugoslav Civil War

2008: Beijing Olympics
2018: ?

Remember, you heard it here first.

 

RAPID2

11:17 PM ET

August 16, 2011

This is justthe latest phase

This is justthe latest phase of an equalisation process that has been underway for the past century.
That there is more equality in the World cannot be a bad thing.

 

CITIZENWHY

1:28 AM ET

August 17, 2011

Poverty the key to economic growth?

The "take off countries" you mention - Brazil, China, India - are able to thrive in regard to Gross Domestic Product because they tolerate having huge numbers of incredibly poor and left out people. They make no attempt really to alleviate this gross domestic poverty but focus on making their already OK middle class and, to some extent, their working class, more prosperous. Everybody leaves this dirty little secret out when discussing these countries.

The US has poverty which, at the moment, is OK. Certainly not great, but not miserable either. I say for now because the status of poor people in the US may well deteriorate into misery. But the remaining middle class will be dto very well.

The US now has a high unemployment rate - for the US - but a rate that may go up to 20-25% without political instability. After all, the large number of the poor and left out in India, China, and Brazil does not cause instability. As long as a large enough middle and professional class thrives.

Once the US gives up on social justice and comes to accept the everlasting nature of a large number of poor - including many debt ridden unemployed who fall into homelessness and eternal joblessness, then it too will thrive in a manner similar to China, India, and Brazil.

That's what globalization is really all about - evening out both great prosperity and vast poverty around the world.

 

CITIZENWHY

1:36 AM ET

August 17, 2011

The US in 2 years has given away $16 trillion

What about the $16 trillion the US, under Tim Geithner, has distributed to banks around the world? Isn't that figure larger than the US national debt? And where did the money come from? And how has it been used, since it certainly did not benefit any country's economy? It did make a lot of bankers richer and more contemptuous than ever toward the taxpaying fools who pay them this tribute.

P.S. The $16 trillion figure is from an audit recently conducted by the US General Accounting Office. Why isn't that $16 billion figure as thrilling to the media as the US national debt figure of $14 trillion?

 

KEITH MCDONALD

12:50 PM ET

August 17, 2011

The times, they are a-changin...

Just like Bob Dylan sang way back when. We no longer live in that Norman Rockwell world that existed in the past. Our children's financial future has been swindled by the big banks, and the foxes are still guarding the henhouses.

 

ROMAN GIL

4:45 PM ET

September 5, 2011

The "Global Market" Paradise Promised By the Globalists Failed

In the past 10 years, Americans passively watched as global corporations shipped out 57,000 American industrial plants and over 6 million jobs to China and other cheap labor places to enable the globalists to profit from cheap monthly wages of $100. European and Japanese global corporations committed the same folly. Now the formerly rich countries are poor and dependent on borrowing trillions of dollars annually and importing even necessities.

Without industry, there are not enough taxpayers to support the huge bloated American and European Union governments. 51% of American households are too poor to pay income taxes. The bottom 50% of American households own just 2.5% of national wealth. 70% of the American economy depends on consumer purchasing of mostly imported products and services, but there are not enough consumers left.

It's long past the time to go back to national industrial economies based on free market competitive capitalism that is based on competition among companies that pay wages that can support families. It was impossible for American and European companies to compete with cheap labor global corporations. Maybe now that we are hitting the bottom of the barrel, people will wake up and demand that we nation build our own country.

The total value of all corporate stocks listed in the American stock exchanges was just $15.3 trillion six months ago. This is not enough to pay off the American national debt. The European Union is in the same economic state of affairs.

The politicians have no plans other than the status quo. In my blog, I explain how we failed and offer a 28 point program to rebuild America before we become another Haiti, Mexico or Somalia failed state.

Roman Gil
http://roman-gil1.blogspot.com

 

JOEKING

6:33 PM ET

September 7, 2011

Learn from the past crisis

Ever-shifting paradigms of the global economy are making it difficult for the so-called established nations to overlook the importance of the emerging countries like China and Indonesia. There’s a lesson or two to be learned from these nations about how they have managed to climb higher in spite of their limited resources, and huge population. Measures like Debt consolidation, simple budgeting and frugal spending will work like antiinflammatory herbs in healing the financial erosion experienced by the advanced countries and save their economies from tumbling down. Whether it’s America or Greece, they all need fiscal re-organization to bail them out of debt and to attain some amount of stabilization in their economic situation.

 

CHANGS

9:16 AM ET

September 10, 2011

Take It With A Grain Of Salt

The article raises interesting questions but may be building the foundation of the article on a bed of sand. China has manipulated it's currency while providing a source of cheap labor to gain it's financial standing.

Large corporations have aided in this process by manipulating future and currency markets to drive up prices, increasing their profits. Forex traders and future traders have made fortunes from these actions.

ChangS

 

CRUNCHBERRY21

9:50 PM ET

September 11, 2011

emerging economies have hit their developmental breakout phase

Once they exercise their options, no great harm involves the significant class -- although damage is performed to people who save their dollars for any day you need it -- but somewhere across the line, say around 1970, both of these types of growth started to separate and that is what we should have today: plenty of dollars, much less non-monetary products or services.