Why Is It So Hard to Find a Suicide Bomber These Days?

A decade after 9/11, the mystery is not why so many Muslims turn to terror -- but why so few have joined al Qaeda's jihad.

BY CHARLES KURZMAN | SEPT/OCT 2011

The rental car turned onto the sidewalk behind the registrar's office and rolled slowly down the brick path between a dining hall and the English department, a few steps from my office. "Beyond Time," an upbeat German dance song, played on the car's stereo. The driver, Mohammed Taheri-Azar, had just graduated from the University of North Carolina three months earlier, so he knew the campus well. Beyond the dining hall was a plaza known as the Pit, where students were hanging out at lunchtime on a warm winter day in early 2006. Taheri-Azar planned to kill as many of them as possible.

He brought no weapons except a knife, some pepper spray, and the four-wheel-drive sport utility vehicle he had rented in order to run people over without getting stuck on their bodies. When he reached the Pit, Taheri-Azar accelerated and swerved to hit people as they scattered out of his way. His fender clipped several students, and several more rolled over his hood and off the windshield. Taheri-Azar turned left at the end of the plaza, hit another couple of students in front of the library, and then sped off campus just beneath my office window.

Taheri-Azar drove down the hill that gave Chapel Hill its name, pulled over in a calm residential neighborhood, parked, and called 911 on his cell phone. "Sir, I just hit several people with a vehicle," he told the operator. "I don't have any weapons or anything on me; you can come arrest me now."

Why did you do this? the operator asked. "Really, it's to punish the government of the United States for their actions around the world." So you did this to punish the government? "Yes, sir." Following the operator's instructions, he placed his phone on the hood of the car and put his hands on his head as police officers arrived.

Before leaving his apartment that morning, Taheri-Azar left a letter on his bed explaining his actions more fully:

Due to the killing of believing men and women under the direction of the United States government, I have decided to take advantage of my presence on United States soil on Friday, March 3, 2006 to take the lives of as many Americans and American sympathizers as I can in order to punish the United States for their immoral actions around the world.

In the Qur'an, Allah states that the believing men and women have permission to murder anyone responsible for the killing of other believing men and women. I know that the Qur'an is a legitimate and authoritative holy scripture since it is completely validated by modern science and also mathematically encoded with the number 19 beyond human ability. After extensive contemplation and reflection, I have made the decision to exercise the right of violent retaliation that Allah has given me to the fullest extent to which I am capable at present.

I have chosen the particular location on the University campus as my target since I know there is a high likelihood that I will kill several people before being killed myself or jailed and sent to prison if Allah wills. Allah's commandments are never to be questioned and all of Allah's commandments must be obeyed.

Nine people suffered broken bones and other injuries that day. Fortunately, Taheri-Azar didn't kill anybody, though the toll could have been higher. Initially, Taheri-Azar had planned to join insurgents in Afghanistan or Iraq, but he was discouraged by visa restrictions on travel to those countries. Then he looked into joining the military and dropping a nuclear bomb on Washington, D.C., but he realized that his eyesight was too poor to qualify to be a military pilot. Turning closer to home, Taheri-Azar considered shooting people randomly at the university. His letters from prison indicate that he thought about targeting the dining hall where I often eat lunch.

In the weeks before his attack, Taheri-Azar test-fired a laser-sighted handgun at a nearby shooting range but was told that he couldn't buy it without a permit. Taheri-Azar could have purchased a rifle on the spot if he had completed some federal paperwork, but he had his heart set on a Glock pistol. Later, at his apartment, he started to fill out the permit application, but gave up when he found that he would need three friends to attest to his good moral character. "[T]he process of receiving a permit for a handgun in this city is highly restricted and out of my reach at the present," Taheri-Azar complained in the letter he left on his bed for the police. Months later, in prison, he rationalized his decision: "The gun may have malfunctioned and acquiring one would have attracted attention to me from the FBI in all likelihood, which could have foiled any attack plans." Taheri-Azar may be the only terrorist in the world ever deterred by gun-control laws.

Harry Lynch/The News & Observer via AP

 SUBJECTS: TERRORISM
 

Charles Kurzman, professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is author of The Missing Martyrs, from which this essay is adapted.

EJF

12:03 PM ET

August 16, 2011

not worth mentioning?

Wasn't it worth mentioning in the opening that the drive/car/tractor attacks that had never been tried in America have been prevelant in Israel since 1993? This includes initiating car crashes on purpose, driving into crowded bus stops and driving huge tractors over people on main roads and into busses. There is precedence for this.

 

KASEMAN

12:14 PM ET

August 16, 2011

Getting there!

The usual anti Muslim rant, albeit it less fervid. At peak Al Qaeda numbered less than1000. Yet the entire US Govt and others have conflated this piddly bunch of terrorist to smear 1.5 billion people. The over reaction to 9/11 led to the invasion ioi Afghanistan, when no Afghan had hurt an American (on the contrary they did the US and everyone else a favor by defeating the Sovet military) has unmade hundreds of millions of "friends", cash cost of at least a $1 trillion, an economic cost of several trillion$ and proving that tthe US military brass is corrupt and the most incompetent bunch since the pre world war 2 French General Staff.

In any case the Talebs ar not Islamic militantst: they are Pushtoon ntaionalists kicking out hated invaders, be they Americans,Tajiks, Uzbek and Hazara. And number less thn 25,000 out of the Pushtoon population of 45 million.

And then invading Iraq. For totally fabricated reasons made more obscene by claiming that Saddam was an immediate (45 minutes exitential threat to western society. And the Government still floats the lie, as that idiot Panet did last month, that we are in Iraq because of AQ! Even though 9 /11 Commission proved that there was no evidence. The reason for violence today is the total break down of society created by the US, specifically Paul Bremer, of Kissinger Associates. Resulting in the death, wounding and impoverishment of millions of Iraqis, when not one Iraqi had hurt an Americans

So who is the mass terrorist? Go it self suckered into the state we are in.

Suicide has been the standard weapon of terrorism employed in legitimate warfare. What did the semi literate rednecks rush the Union guns knowing that they would die ? Slavery!

Worse still the slaughter by millions in WW1 in the batltes of Somme, Passchendale, Ypres and Verdun. For what? King and Coutnry, Deuschland und Kaiser, and La Gloire et Marianne. Brave patriots slaughtered by their own brass .

.

 

SHAAMYL77

11:54 PM ET

August 16, 2011

Where is Alqaeda Now-a-days?

Yo, the only answer is....

They are fighting Qaddafi in Libya, dude!!

 

DARRIN.GERMANY

12:06 AM ET

August 19, 2011

Professor Kurzman, get

Professor Kurzman, get control of your fears. This article demonstrates the worst of the worst coping methodologies. In this article, you have successfully created associations between everything that scares you.

Come to grips with the fact that al Qaeda and Islam are not synonyms.

Your perspective is ignorant.

 

DR. JONES JR.

10:05 PM ET

August 19, 2011

Did you even read the full article?

Your response comes off as ignorant, in the sense that you have not grasped one the basic points contained within: that Islamic terrorism is to the greater Muslim community as a shark attack is to the great expanses of the ocean; both unlikely and unrepresentative of the whole.

And I quote from the article:

"If terrorists like Taheri-Azar can be recruited through the Internet and books, then why aren't there more attacks? What is stopping people? I propose five answers.

The first and most obvious answer is that most Muslims oppose terrorist violence."

"In addition to revolutionary rivals, al Qaeda faces competition from more liberal Islamic movements. The fourth reason jihadi numbers are low is that the combination of democratic politics and cultural conservatism is far more popular among Muslims than the revolutionaries' anti-democratic violence."

And so on. Do actually read an essay before you make accusations of ignorance.

 

MWSCHNEIDER

10:31 PM ET

September 19, 2011

You are the ignorant one

Can you read English at all?

 

VISIONTUNNEL

1:18 AM ET

August 20, 2011

How about Possible Al Qaeda/Taliban Motivated Nuclear 9/11

The article dwells on inability of Islamic terrorists inspire, motivate an army of teeming suicide bombers.

That may not have happened due to all the reasons and conjectures explained.

To cause horrors of 9/11, it only needed 19 suicide bombers, few motivators, planers and handlers based not in USA, but in Pakistan and Germany.

Western Academics and intellectual could not see the long term effects of activating concept of Jihad to evict godless communists from Afghanistan.

Movie star turned President, Ronald Reagan greatly espoused ideals of Jihad and even lamented its absence of in Christianity.

Since late 1970s, two countries have been in forefront of exploding acute Islamic Fanaticism and terrorism.

The Rich Shaikhs of Saudi Arabia sitting on huge hydro carbon reserve and trillions of dollar Black Dollar revenue, bankroll and promote Islamic fanaticism and terrorism. By this strategy Saudi Arabia keeps home grown extremist busy and get killed elsewhere.

Pakistan has turned itself by its own myopic policies and compulsions of events in to a hotbed of religious fanaticism and terrorism. Pakistani state and non state actors facilitated freedom of Omar Shaikh, from Indian prison, through hijacking of Indian Airlines flight IC 184, from Kathmandu to New Delhi.
Omar Shaikh was given freedom, cover and resources to plan 9/11 by ISI of Pakistan and was caught hiding in house of powerful Jamainti- Islami serving deputy mayor of Rawalpindi.

Trigger happy and myopic Pakistani Army guarding its much gloated been highly indoctrinated by Jihadi fanaticism.

As per many experts, Jihadis don't need to steal the Nukes, as these toys might be gifted or smuggled out by bunch of fanatic Pakistani Army officers.

The danger is clear and present , the possibility of such a horrendous scenario would be far more catastrophic than what could be achieved by unending supply of home grown Islamic suicide bombers, with in America.

 

PADURAR1978

5:49 AM ET

August 21, 2011

These events are becoming

These events are becoming more frequent. At least until America and beyond, will cease to judge different people of the world. In her quest after expansion, cultures and civilizations destroy America, and this feels. Not only the Arab world feels it (there is about oil and resources). Take the case of Finnish terrified that country. Why did those murders? Because globalization take effect. And not only positive but some negative. This is the modern world and we must get used to it. Everywhere deepens the gap between rich and poor, and that feeds the hatred between peoples, and even hatred between nations. Capitalism, at its height begins to collapse because of this social inequities.

 

YASINERDOGMUS

11:29 AM ET

August 22, 2011

Terrorism

Terrorism Has NO Religion!!! get it into your head

 

SCREWED AND TATTOOED

2:07 PM ET

September 7, 2011

valid

All just in the name of religion!

 

FRANCISKOHL

11:16 PM ET

August 22, 2011

A note on the word Kuffar

Hello Prof. Kurzman,

Good, informative article. Few of us are losing sleep on the relative paucity of terrorists in our streets, but maybe we should ask ourselves why, indeed.

I found one bone of contention. You probably already heard this warning: never let the adversary define the vocabulary you use.

Here, you use the term "kuffar" as an Arabic synonym of infidel. This is not correct. Serious etymologists point out that the Kafirs (or Cafres) are an African tribe that was mercilessly raided by Arabic slavers starting from the 16th century -- the date the term first appears. The animist Kafirs were held in even lower regard than the Christian Roumis (or white) captured in European countries. The term Kafir became an insult, in the same vein as the English word "ni**er".

Far from being a harmless theological term, the word "kafir" in its varied spellings is an ethnic slur that should be banned from civilized conversation. Muslims that utter it in presence of others are often simply misinformed, but some know precisely what they are doing.

Please do not kowtow to the enemy by using their slurs.

Thank you,
--FK

 

JRSMEETS

1:05 PM ET

September 6, 2011

word kuffar is much older

Dear FrancisKohl,

The word kuffar is much, much older than that: it is used in the Quran. Only afterwards did it come into use as the name for a people in Africa.

The root meaning of kufr = "to willingly reject", from that two usages derive:
1. to willingly reject faith or the bounties of the Lord, hence, ungratefullness, unbelief.
2. the act of God when he willingly rejects our sins, meaning forgiveness.

The second meaning is well known from the centuries old Jewish festival "Yom Kippoor".

Maybe the following happened later on: some Europeans asked the Arabs in Africa "Who are those people over there?", and the Arabs answered "Kuffar".

I hope this clears it up.

 

FORLORNEHOPE

7:56 AM ET

August 23, 2011

Islam at its best

In the recent riots in English cities three very respectable young Muslims were killed by a hit and run driver while on the street to deter rioters from entering their community. The father of one of these young men gave an exemplary speech in public asking, rather demanding, that people stay calm, return to their homes and provide information to the police to help apprehend the criminals. Later over 20000 people, mainly Muslims, met at a memorial service in one of the city's parks. These actions received widespread coverage in the media and have greatly enhanced the reputation of the Muslim community in Britain.

BTW - I'm not a muslim!

 

SHAAMYL77

1:56 AM ET

August 25, 2011

Islam at its Best

Well, you believe it or not, this is what Islam is and what precisely Islam teaches to its followers.

Forgetfully, most of the Muslims don't understand this, AND they are exactly like those ill-informed individuals who comment on the way of Islam, even knowing very basics of Islamic teachings, misquoting Qur'an and Ahadith, entirely out of context.

Let me quote just one verse of Qur'an - AND WHOSOEVER SAVED LIFE OF ONE HUMAN BEING, HE IS JUST LIKE THE ONE WHO HAS SAVED ENTIRE HUMANITY.

Muslims! wake up and follow true teachings of Islam.

BTW - I'm a proud Muslim!

Oh yeh, father of those murdered youngsters was a Pakistani. Hats off to him.

 

MARKDDD

7:31 AM ET

September 18, 2011

True - but this article is overly US centric in its approach...

I agree with his underlying point - that there simply arent enough suicide bombers (at least in the West) to feed AQ's terror machine; however it ignores several points :-

1. Thats there arent many --competent-- attackers left is more a result of western disruption and targeting of their training camps - making being a militant a risky proposition that instead of meeting your prospective 72 virgins, you may (to quote a CIA source on a recent TV documentary) "vanish in a puff of smoke".

2. Localised terror attacks ('one man's resistance fighter is another man's terrorist') are of course in no shortage of partipants - this may be simply due to being closer to conflict; but its no means universal - as attacks in India and indeed much of south-east asia demonstrate.
Indeed local Mulsim radical's concept of being under attack extends rather broadly to areas where it is an issue (Chechnia for example) to areas where its highly questionable indeed.

2. Untrained attackers do not good terrorists make (or Solidiers, for that matter), but there have been many attempted attacks in the west - notably the UK, which has historically (and still today) incredibly lax on Islamic fundamentalism. Its not for not for racist reasons that the nickname "Londonistan" was created in security circles - but that its been an open, practically unpoliced recruiting ground.

3. Male University students are the typical targets btw - and typically science majors and/or drop-outs; those reasons are clear (strong science education and willing participants!).

4. There have been a number of attacks - both successful and unsuccessful in the UK, and these are only the ones that have been prosecuted (many more have likely been broken up at earlier stages) :-
- The 2001 Shoe-Bomber - which (had he detonated) would have likely brought down a plane.
- The 2002 London Underground Riacin plot (defeated by security services)
- The 2004 fertilizer bomb plot - which would have caused mass casualties
- The 2005 London Suicide Bombers - 4 Successful (56 dead, 400 injured)
- The 2005 London Suicide Bombers - 4 UnSuccessful (failed only due to poor bomb-making)
- The 2005 Fertilizer bomb plot - which would have killed 100s (defeated by security services)
- The 2006 liquid bomb plot - which was near to completion, and had at least 19 attackers involved and would have killed ~2,000; and was only again defeated by the intelligence agencies.
- The 2007 Glasgow airport propane+petrol attack (failed due to poor planning)
- The 2007 London Bombings (2 of) - (detected and disarmed)
- 2008 22 May: 22 May 2008 Exeter bombing by an Islamist extremist, injuring only the perpetrator.
(Its also worth noting the nearby Spain 11-M 2004 Train attacks, that also killed almost 200)

I hardly find the above number of willing obviously - mostly suicide participants (and no-doubt far larger logistical support) any reason for complacency.

It perhaps does raise the question of why fewer US Islamic citizens seem willing to take part in terrorist attacks than in the rest of Western Europe..? That could be due to very lax policing of radicals, lax foreign funding on radical Wahabi Mosques, better financial inclusion in the US (but that hardly explains France - but then it has radically harder policing, and a regular rioting as a possible 'outlet').

All in All, I'd like more exploration of the above factors in future please..

 

XFUNC_CARTER

1:22 AM ET

August 27, 2011

Nice try.

Nice try at a defence.

Fact is the use of the term "so few" - why are there "so few"? - is measured against a theoretically possibly high number, rather than an historically likely high number. In other words you're using math to judge history.

Well, let's just stay inside history if we're going to talk about history.

Historically, no single religion has produced more terrorists on this planet than Islam. Islam is about it. Jihad. Holy War. It's in the Rule Book.

Okay, if you wish, we can return to the mathematical. Mathematically, even if there are proportionately few when judged against the theoretical, if you compare this to other worldviews this still spikes far higher than the norm.

I know we'll get the cognitive dissonants who refuse to see a worldview as a human construct but as a biological one (a "race"?), but alas... It's a set of rules at the end of the day. A worldview.

 

DJULIA

11:01 AM ET

August 28, 2011

different world

Kurzman is right . it is harder to find a suicide bomber these days. It is equally hard to find people in the West still listening to the official mambo-jambo.

The old stereotypes are wearing out. They do not work in this globalised world.
And the longer we continue to apply the old way of thinking the further we are from any chance of figuring out whats going on!

The author seem to find himself a dubious consolation in statistics. The problem is it is not them vs. us anymore. We are in it together and we are as confused as them (him-Taheri-Azar)!

 

MASSAGENS TANTRICAS

9:50 AM ET

September 7, 2011

Getting there

yea, they are Pushtoon ntaionalists kicking out hated invaders, be they Americans,Tajiks, Uzbek and Hazara. And number less thn 25,000 out of the Pushtoon population of 45 million.....iagreee! thanks for sharing
Saude do Corpo
Acompanhantes
Massagem Tantrica
FBF

 

ANTIE

8:18 PM ET

September 7, 2011

Suicide-bombers, the ugly facet of Jihad!

Terrorism is still rampant in its hydra-headed form everywhere. Suicide-bombers are like the systemic enzymes of Jihad; they speed up the warfare by acting like a catalyst, but unlike the systemic enzymes, they are not found throughout the Muslim terrorist outfits. Though the terrorist organizations take pride in converting their members into suicide bombers, individuals themselves are not that keen in this aspect of terrorism. Their numbers have gone down drastically at least in the Western world though same cannot be said of the countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan where, once in every few days a suicide bomber destroys the social order, taking down many lives.

 

AKBARNJEFF

7:53 PM ET

September 9, 2011

Second Amendment

"[T]he process of receiving a permit for a handgun in this city is highly restricted and out of my reach at the present," Taheri-Azar complained in the letter he left on his bed for the police.

Where is the Second Amendment when we need it?

This guy should've been able to buy a whole pantload of firepower on the spur of the moment.

Right to keep and bear arms, my fanny.

 

TODD MARSHALL

9:30 AM ET

September 15, 2011

Reading through the lens

There are a couple of things pretty obvious to me. (1) WTC7 collapse makes it obvious that the government's entire conspiracy theory is subterfuge. (2) It is obvious that OBL was not alive to make statements after 2003 or so. This is the lens I using in reading essays such as this ... and it has served me very well.

So any references to OBL statements made after 2003; or any reference to 9/11 being a terrorist attack by 19 cave men immediately de-legitimizes any arguments driven by the piece.

 

MWSCHNEIDER

10:36 PM ET

September 19, 2011

Huh?

Right, now go back and take your medication.

 

MADCLIVE

11:56 AM ET

September 15, 2011

Reading

Interesting article. Some good really good points made above, I agree with some of them. Thanks for the article. Kindest regards, Mad DJ Clive

 

ELMOTHEWHIG

8:35 PM ET

September 16, 2011

Fantasy ideologies attract the insane...

...and the insane tend to be less competent that the sane--QED.

 

PADURAR1978

6:58 AM ET

September 17, 2011

Since the incident in Sweden

Since the incident in Sweden should clearly separate the Arab world terrorism. Both Arabs and other people have a very peaceful culture. Terrorism is born of some nations understand how to behave with other nations. When people feel oppressed resort to extreme gestures to be able to be heard. It's like David and Goliath story. The poor, oppressed, try to do something, even if the path chosen is not good. Must try to respect people and such things will cease.

 

GLOBALFORCES

4:03 AM ET

September 21, 2011

Are you tryinng to goad mo bombers?

August 14, 2011 report: "UN figures released last month showed that the first six months of 2011 had been the deadliest of the war for ordinary Afghans, with 1,462 killed, a rise of 15 percent on the same period last year. The same UN report blamed 80 percent of those civilian casualties on insurgents.

US and other Nato commanders have claimed success in halting the momentum of a growing insurgency in seoexpert the Taliban heartland in the south over the past year, although insurgents have hit back with strikes against targets in once relatively peaceful parts of the country.

A recent spike in violence also followed the beginning of a gradual process to hand security responsibility back to Afghans last month.UN figures released last month showed that the first six months of 2011 had been the deadliest of the war for ordinary Afghans, with 1,462 killed, a rise of 15 percent on the same period last year. The same UN report blamed 80 percent of those civilian casualties on insurgents.

US and other Nato commanders have claimed success in halting the momentum of a growing insurgency in the Taliban heartland in the south over the past year, although insurgents have hit back with strikes against targets in once relatively peaceful parts of the country.

A recent spike in violence also followed the beginning of a gradual process to hand security responsibility back to Afghans last month."UN figures released last month showed that the first six months of 2011 had been the deadliest of the war for ordinary Afghans, with 1,462 killed, a rise of 15 percent on the same period last year. The same UN report blamed 80 percent of those civilian casualties on insurgents.

US and other Nato commanders have claimed success in halting the momentum of a growing insurgency in the Taliban heartland in the south over the past year, although insurgents have hit back with strikes against targets in once relatively peaceful parts of the country.

A recent spike in violence also followed the beginning of a gradual process to hand security responsibility back to Afghans last month."

 

TAYFA34

6:10 AM ET

September 22, 2011

No Comment

And Palestinian land will shrink, suicide bombers will respond, rockets will be launched and Israelis killed. Now Hezbollah and Sunnis have started up again in Lebanon. And Iran is powering up its nuclear capacity. Israel may feel impelled to react at some point if it calculates either Lebanon or Iran needs to be nipped in the bud. Add Syria to the toxic mix in Lebanon; and if things boil over there then Palestine will be left to sit and stew on the perennial international back burner. Hope, at this point, is not even a diamond in the rough. porno porno porno porno sikiş web tasarım

 

TAYFA34

6:11 AM ET

September 22, 2011

No Comment

And Palestinian land will shrink, suicide bombers will respond, rockets will be launched and Israelis killed. Now Hezbollah and Sunnis have started up again in Lebanon. And Iran is powering up its nuclear capacity. Israel may feel impelled to react at some point if it calculates either Lebanon or Iran needs to be nipped in the bud. Add Syria to the toxic mix in Lebanon; and if things boil over there then Palestine will be left to sit and stew on the perennial international back burner. Hope, at this point, is not even a diamond in the rough. porno porno porno porno sikiş web tasarım