Do Graves of Dictators Really Become Shrines?

A tour of contentious burials from Qaddafi to Hitler.

BY URI FRIEDMAN | OCTOBER 26, 2011

On Tuesday, Libyan officials laid Muammar al-Qaddafi to rest in a secret, unmarked desert grave to prevent his burial place from becoming a shrine for his supporters or a target for his opponents. The drainage pipes outside Sirte where Qaddafi was captured and the cold storage facility in Misrata where his corpse was temporarily stored, pictured above, have already become major attractions for Libyans. Back in May, U.S. officials cited concerns about creating a shrine as the reason why they committed Osama bin Laden's body to the sea.

This fear of establishing shrines for reviled figures has a long history; the English ruler Oliver Cromwell, for example, was posthumously hanged in the 17th century and his head wasn't laid to rest until 1960. But the concern over Qaddafi's final resting place had us wondering: Do the burial places of controversial leaders really become shrines? In short, yes. But some of the stories -- from evil spirits to dismembered hands -- are almost too bizarre to be believed. Here's a brief history of contentious burials, from Hussein to Hitler.

Philippe Desmazes/AFP/Getty Images

 

Uri Friedman is an associate editor at Foreign Policy.

PARTHA7588

9:09 PM ET

October 26, 2011

The Fascist Salute!

Ahh, the Fascist Salute should be thoroughly De-Nazified, its too appealing to be left to use by a couple of cooks.

 

JEAN KAPENDA

10:23 PM ET

October 26, 2011

Dictators, Paper Tigers & Mortals

They spend their lives justifying why they're the right dictators, why they're needed, and why they're the solution to all their societal problems. They live a life of denials: they deny freedom and liberty to their own people and they deny their own fragility, vulnerability, enslavement, and mortality. Paper tigers!

 

NEMANMURADLI

10:57 PM ET

October 26, 2011

Mandatory Shrines

Although these "Leaders" were brutal, now many people visiting their graves voluntarily. Now in some Dictatorial countries like Syria, North Korea people-mainly public workers-forced to visit "Dear Leaders'" grave because of "Dear Leaders" successor-mostly their son in power now. So, "Volutary Shrines" at least better than "Mandatory Shrines".....

 

JAYDEE001

10:47 AM ET

October 27, 2011

What a rogue's gallery!

I suggest a few additions to your list:

Mao Zedong - revered by the Chinese, but his leadership spawned the death of millions during the Chinese civil war;
Kim Il Sung - a brutal dictator who kept his nation in poverty - and he put his family's power ahead of his people's welfare;
Hideki Tojo - militarist leader, instigator of the attack on Pearl Harbor, he was the leader of a militarist regime that spread violence and eath across Asia and the Pacific region;
Hirohito - later in life his image became that of a grandfatherly icon of the Japanese people, but he allowed himself to be the focal point of the quest for empire that resulted in a humiliating defeat for his nation

With the possible exception of Tojo, all the others have been revered in their own countries since their deaths.

 

VICTOR

6:42 PM ET

October 27, 2011

Don't forget Lenin - the

Don't forget Lenin - the classic example. A man who led a brutal, dictatorial revolution; oversaw a civil war and famine in the early Soviet Union, and showed the way for Stalin to take it to a whole new level. Put on display and, as far as I know, still there long after his state and system collapsed.

 

ANCIENTASH

12:48 AM ET

November 1, 2011

Don't forget Chiang Kai-shek

If you suggest Mao should be on that list, perhaps Chiang Kai-shek should also be put on the list for the same reason. Just to be fair.

 

SHAZIB111

1:34 AM ET

October 28, 2011

Yes of-course,.

Yes of-course, graves of dictators do become shrines for the people who support them because of the things they did for them. Now it depends on person whether he had helped people or just hurtled them.. If he had helped them then they probably will follow him and the ones who didn't like him will curse him. But this person doesn't deserve respect because of the atrocities he had done with Libyan's.
Regards,
Shazib, an Home remedies for skin care expert.

 

170339

8:14 AM ET

October 28, 2011

Cromwell

Cromwell was not only disinterred and hanged, he was hanged, drawn and quarterred and his bits hanged again, while 24 of his collegues were murdered in the same way, the first ten in public and then when these executions proved unpopular, in private.

 

DOMINOES

2:26 PM ET

November 16, 2011

Good call

This is a great call by Lbya to bury him in an unknown location, similar to what happened with Bin Laden. I would not want to go and see his grave at all, I would be worried about diseases or how to get rid of hives, because of the unsanitary way in which he was killed and buried. I would also not call Gaddafi a martyr by any means, just a dictator that had his time.

 

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1:21 AM ET

November 18, 2011

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2:19 PM ET

November 22, 2011

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PATRICIAMOORE

8:59 PM ET

November 24, 2011

Literature's New Dawn After Gaddafi

Colonel Gaddafi, as a young soldier, himself wrote poetry and short stories that imagined civil liberty. After independence from Britain in 1951 he led a military coup against Libya's autocratic monarchy, when King Idris was abroad for treatment. Gaddafi's writing then considered a wishful social theory, The 3rd Way, a middleebony bootiesground between communism and capitalism. It had been an inspired political vision, however in practice it degenerated into despotism. And Libyan literature maintained its pain.

They are complex human problems that will add impetus to writings from Libya. However, with authors unchained finally, their novels as well as their think-pieces will hopefully leave tales of anguish as well as hope to literary peals of joy.

 

JUHI

5:05 AM ET

November 25, 2011

eople attended Monday

eople attended Monday evening’s presentation of the updated edition of Miguel Krassnoff: Prisionero por Servir a Chile, a book about a former Pinochet regime security agent now serving a 144-year sentence for multiple human rights abuses. Job advertising

 

MAVEE22

10:11 AM ET

November 25, 2011

No Shrine!

I remember the scene in one of the photos after I learned that Qaddafi is dead while having a workout in one of my treadmills with tv. For a person who thinks and acts like a terrorist, he does not deserve a shrine.

 

PRELIOCIVEDE

1:12 PM ET

November 25, 2011

You don't want to happen to

You don't want to happen to him, or Saddam Hussein, what happened to Mussolini: (from wikipedia) Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in Musocco, the municipal cemetery to the north of the city. On Easter Sunday 1946 his body was located and dug up by Domenico Leccisi and two other neo-Fascists. Making off with their hero, they left a message on the open grave: "Finally, O Duce, you are with us. We will cover you with roses, but the smell of your virtue will overpower the smell of those roses."Tomb of Mussolini in the family crypt in the cemetery of Predappio. In Predappio the dictator was buried in a crypt (the only posthumous honour granted to Mussolini). His tomb is flanked by marble fasces, and a large idealised marblebust of himself sits above the tomb.On the loose for months—and a cause of great anxiety to the new Italian democracy—the Duce's body was finally "recaptured" in August, hidden in a small trunk at the Certosa di Pavia, just outside Milan. Two Fransciscan brothers were subsequently charged with concealing the corpse, though it was discovered on further investigation that it had been constantly on the move. Unsure what to do, the authorities held the remains in a kind of political limbo for 10 years, before agreeing to allow them to be re-interred at Predappio online sport bets in Romagna, his birth place, after a campaign headed by Leccisi and the Movimento Sociale Italiano.