Nine Days That Shook the Kremlin

But what's next for Russia's newly emboldened protest movement?

BY JULIA IOFFE | DECEMBER 13, 2011

MOSCOW — At around midnight on Saturday, Dec. 10, while much of Moscow had long since fallen into a collective happy, drunken swoon after some 50,000 representatives of the urban middle class successfully came out to protest the results of Russia's Dec. 4 parliamentary elections, Ketchum, the American PR agency hired by the Kremlin, sent out a news release. It came from Dmitry Peskov, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's longtime press secretary.

"What we witnessed today was a democratic protest by a section of the population who are displeased with the official results of last week's elections," Peskov said. "In the past few days we also witnessed demonstrations by other segments of the population who were supporting those results. We respect the point of view of the protesters, we are hearing what is being said, and we will continue to listen to them. The citizens of Russia have a right to express their point of view, in protest and in support, and those rights will continue to be secured as long as all sides do so in a lawful and peaceful manner."

Given the scale of the Moscow protest and the demonstrations by thousands more in dozens of cities all over Russia -- the largest by far since Putin came to power nearly a dozen years ago -- it was a strange and strangely muted response. It was not as strange, however, as what Putin said earlier that day, also through Peskov. "The government has not yet formulated a position," he said.

One person, however, had. On Sunday, President Dmitry Medvedev took to his page on Facebook -- the nerve center of the protest's organization -- and said the following:

Under the Constitution, the citizens of Russia have freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. People have a right to express their position, which is what they did yesterday. It is good that all took place within the framework of the law. I do not agree with the slogans or the statements made at rallies. Nevertheless, I have given the order to check all instances from polling stations regarding compliance with the legislation on elections.

This was truly bizarre. What, after all, did the president of Russia -- at least president until next year, when Putin proposes to swap jobs with him again -- mean by it? And, odd too, not least because of the extraneous, redundant reminder that citizens have the right to freedom of speech and assembly, a right Russia's rulers have not often been eager to proclaim. The equally strange worry -- mostly on the side of the Kremlin -- that Saturday's protest, which had been permitted by the Moscow city government, would end in bloodshed seemed to imply that everyone, including Putin and Medvedev, needed this reminder. Then there was the constant marveling (including on state-owned Channel One, which on Saturday finally acknowledged that these protests exist) that the demonstrations had happened peacefully, in accordance with the law.

Perhaps the main issue was simply one of credibility: Medvedev, already about as lame a duck as a president can be ever since Putin announced in September his plans to return to the presidency in the 2012 elections, has personally, and grandiosely, ordered many investigations into scandalous things, and none has resulted in much. (Last fall, Medvedev promised to investigate the case of journalist Oleg Kashin, who was savagely beaten. He even promised to Kashin to "tear off the heads" those responsible. "Sitting here, smoking my pipe," Kashin joked on Facebook.) Perhaps this is why so very many of the nearly 13,000 comments on Medvedev's Facebook post this weekend were negative. "This is called detachment from reality," one commenter said. "You need to go see a psychiatrist."

Andrey Rudakov/Bloomberg via Getty Images

 SUBJECTS:
 

Julia Ioffe is Foreign Policy's Moscow correspondent.

MICHAELGERALDPDEALINO

11:26 PM ET

December 12, 2011

Three letters- KGB

Putin of the KGB, stop blaming the US, the West, or Batman for the desire for democracy in Russia. And, oh yeah, I am not an American, FYI.

 

CONTATOCA

6:34 AM ET

December 13, 2011

Everyone knows who is

i Agree in they manipulated the minds of Libya and now they are manipulating minds of other people to take control of the entire world....Thanks for sharing !

 

KINNIERDMARCH

9:15 AM ET

December 13, 2011

Quality work

This is what we call quality working.
On the first day of Marxmas, my comrade gave to me:
A picture of Leon Trotsky.
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Fourth International
The Five Year Plan
Six splinter groups
seven strikers swinging
Eight Bulganins bulging
Nine men in the Kremlin
Ten days a-shaking
Eleven Lenins leaping
Twelve Hunky fascists

note: Some of the references are arcane and make sense primarily
to students of communist history and the Stalin-Trotsky split. For
example, the Fourth International was the international organization
of Trotsky's followers (the Third International aka the Comintern
was Stalin's). The reference to nine men in the Kremlin refers to the
Politburo. Ten Days that Shook the World. Eleven Lenin's leaping is a
delicious alliteration of which I am (still) quite proud forty years on.
And twelve Hunky fascists refers to the Stalinist Calumny that the
Hungarians who revolted against Soviet tyranny in 1956 were all fascists---
of course, they were no more fascist than the Hungarians who finally
freed themselves from Soviet tyranny 1989-1991. RGB

Note from RG:
Folks process things. The following was found in a book by Carl Sandburg's
daughter.

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrades gave to me

A picture of Leon Trotsky
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Four bowls borscht
Five year plan
Six workers starving (or Bulganins bulging)
Seven Lenins leaping
Eight Stalins staring
Nine bloody purges
Ten Sputniks spinning
Eleven vats of vodka
Twelve counts of treason

From Sweet Music, Sandburg

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrade gave to me:
A picture of Leon Trotsky.
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Fourth International
The Five Year Plan
Six splinter groups
seven strikers swinging
Eight Bulganins bulging
Nine men in the Kremlin
Ten days a-shaking
Eleven Lenins leaping
Twelve Hunky fascists

note: Some of the references are arcane and make sense primarily
to students of communist history and the Stalin-Trotsky split. For
example, the Fourth International was the international organization
of Trotsky's followers (the Third International aka the Comintern
was Stalin's). The reference to nine men in the Kremlin refers to the
Politburo. Ten Days that Shook the World. Eleven Lenin's leaping is a
delicious alliteration of which I am (still) quite proud forty years on.
And twelve Hunky fascists refers to the Stalinist Calumny that the
Hungarians who revolted against Soviet tyranny in 1956 were all fascists---
of course, they were no more fascist than the Hungarians who finally
freed themselves from Soviet tyranny 1989-1991. RGB

Note from RG:
Folks process things. The following was found in a book by Carl Sandburg's
daughter.

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrades gave to me

A picture of Leon Trotsky
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Four bowls borscht
Five year plan
Six workers starving (or Bulganins bulging)
Seven Lenins leaping
Eight Stalins staring
Nine bloody purges
Ten Sputniks spinning
Eleven vats of vodka
Twelve counts of treason

From Sweet Music, Sandburg

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrade gave to me:
A picture of Leon Trotsky.
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Fourth International
The Five Year Plan
Six splinter groups
seven strikers swinging
Eight Bulganins bulging
Nine men in the Kremlin
Ten days a-shaking
Eleven Lenins leaping
Twelve Hunky fascists

note: Some of the references are arcane and make sense primarily
to students of communist history and the Stalin-Trotsky split. For
example, the Fourth International was the international organization
of Trotsky's followers (the Third International aka the Comintern
was Stalin's). The reference to nine men in the Kremlin refers to the
Politburo. Ten Days that Shook the World. Eleven Lenin's leaping is a
delicious alliteration of which I am (still) quite proud forty years on.
And twelve Hunky fascists refers to the Stalinist Calumny that the
Hungarians who revolted against Soviet tyranny in 1956 were all fascists---
of course, they were no more fascist than the Hungarians who finally
freed themselves from Soviet tyranny 1989-1991. RGB

Note from RG:
Folks process things. The following was found in a book by Carl Sandburg's
daughter.

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrades gave to me

A picture of Leon Trotsky
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Four bowls borscht
Five year plan
Six workers starving (or Bulganins bulging)
Seven Lenins leaping
Eight Stalins staring
Nine bloody purges
Ten Sputniks spinning
Eleven vats of vodka
Twelve counts of treason

From Sweet Music, Sandburg

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrade gave to me:
A picture of Leon Trotsky.
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Fourth International
The Five Year Plan
Six splinter groups
seven strikers swinging
Eight Bulganins bulging
Nine men in the Kremlin
Ten days a-shaking
Eleven Lenins leaping
Twelve Hunky fascists

note: Some of the references are arcane and make sense primarily
to students of communist history and the Stalin-Trotsky split. For
example, the Fourth International was the international organization
of Trotsky's followers (the Third International aka the Comintern
was Stalin's). The reference to nine men in the Kremlin refers to the
Politburo. Ten Days that Shook the World. Eleven Lenin's leaping is a
delicious alliteration of which I am (still) quite proud forty years on.
And twelve Hunky fascists refers to the Stalinist Calumny that the
Hungarians who revolted against Soviet tyranny in 1956 were all fascists---
of course, they were no more fascist than the Hungarians who finally
freed themselves from Soviet tyranny 1989-1991. RGB

Note from RG:
Folks process things. The following was found in a book by Carl Sandburg's
daughter.

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrades gave to me

A picture of Leon Trotsky
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Four bowls borscht
Five year plan
Six workers starving (or Bulganins bulging)
Seven Lenins leaping
Eight Stalins staring
Nine bloody purges
Ten Sputniks spinning
Eleven vats of vodka
Twelve counts of treason

From Sweet Music, Sandburg

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrade gave to me:
A picture of Leon Trotsky.
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Fourth International
The Five Year Plan
Six splinter groups
seven strikers swinging
Eight Bulganins bulging
Nine men in the Kremlin
Ten days a-shaking
Eleven Lenins leaping
Twelve Hunky fascists

note: Some of the references are arcane and make sense primarily
to students of communist history and the Stalin-Trotsky split. For
example, the Fourth International was the international organization
of Trotsky's followers (the Third International aka the Comintern
was Stalin's). The reference to nine men in the Kremlin refers to the
Politburo. Ten Days that Shook the World. Eleven Lenin's leaping is a
delicious alliteration of which I am (still) quite proud forty years on.
And twelve Hunky fascists refers to the Stalinist Calumny that the
Hungarians who revolted against Soviet tyranny in 1956 were all fascists---
of course, they were no more fascist than the Hungarians who finally
freed themselves from Soviet tyranny 1989-1991. RGB

Note from RG:
Folks process things. The following was found in a book by Carl Sandburg's
daughter.

On the first day of Marxmas, my comrades gave to me

A picture of Leon Trotsky
Two Das Kapitals
Three bayonets
Four bowls borscht
Five year plan
Six workers starving (or Bulganins bulging)
Seven Lenins leaping
Eight Stalins staring
Nine bloody purges
Ten Sputniks spinning
Eleven vats of vodka
Twelve counts of treason

From Sweet Music, Sandburg

Thanks

Admin of Clocks | Electric kettles

 

MORNINGBRIEF

2:36 AM ET

December 14, 2011

Thanks for your information

Thanks for your information http://www.jun-zhu.com You can find more information in my web site. Thanks.

 

CESARPIETRI

9:21 AM ET

December 13, 2011

About Dmitry Medvedev facebook page

Besides all the above, the Facebook account of Russian President Dmitri Medvedev yesterday was saturated with thousands of comments from citizens outraged by his stance against the protests recorded since last week against the results of recent parliamentary elections deemed fraudulent by the opposition. A disgrace,deplorable, Empty Words, Russia without Putin and Down with Putin were some of the 11,000 expressions written in reply to the message of the president, who said he disagreed with the slogans nor proclaimed statements during the demonstrations, which reached almost 100,000 people gather in Moscow on Saturday. To relativize his position, Medvedev which is recognized as an enthusiastic user of social networks announced it will investigate reports of alleged irregularities.
Cesar Pietri

 

DUSTINCARROLL

4:22 AM ET

December 14, 2011

Stop Putin ! Putin is sucks !

I am not an American, not a Rusian. But I hate Putin. Stop blame US, West, look yourself.

Angry Birds T-Shirt - Angry Birds Hat

 

GC

11:03 AM ET

December 14, 2011

Comment

Very interesting insight into the protest which peacefully "stormed" Moscow the last week end.

Just few comments.

First, I maintain my opinion that this "movement" (even if I wouldn't call it movement as for now it still lacks clear minimal organizational structures; I would define it a "masse" [crowd], quoting Elias Canetti) had an unquestionably impressive beginning, but is day-per-day under threat to meet a quick demise.
I base these opinions on a serious of elements: the social strata mainly represented in the Moscow's demonstration (defined by the author "white-collar crowd -- lawyers, doctors, consultants, finance workers, graphic designers, engineers, and the like --") will hardly occupy any square in Moscow and make it a Russian Tahrir; I do agree with the last lines of the article in whcih substantially it is said that that "crowd" will very probably opt for a gradualist strategy, which in my opinion will weaken and ultimately break it up.
Another important element, which I absolutely expected, is the process of exclusion of this "movement", not only by the political power, but also by the political oppsition (see official statements of communist leaders in the comment to last FP article, here on my page). The crowd of last week end was having as back-bone the "white-collars", but received a very important support from big numbers of communist and nationalist supporters. I personally researched as many pictures of the demonstration as I could: it is clearly possible to detect big parts of the crowd hegemonized by KPRF flags and black-yellow-white tricolors. There were also dozens of flags from micro-organizations, but the supporters of the political opposition did have a role into the demonstration. Now that the situation is slowly getting clearer I think that KPRF, Fair Russia and the LibDem will increase their effort to realize their own single-party demonstrations, breaking this initial contamination between "white-collars" and supporters of the parties in the Duma.

Second, I do agree with the opinion expressed by many about the fact that currently the Kremlin seems to be really confused or at least disorganized. Given what I said before, the Kremlin could actually whait, silent , that the "crowd" goes back to its offices, but that woulod be a politically suicidal strategy.
However also having the "pro-tempore" President simply saying "nice that anybody died, you are free so go shouting again, anyway I did not agree with a single word" and the invested one keeping silent and thoughtative (reminds me of Stalin escaping to his dacha after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa) is not the best strategy. Naturally this is a new element for post-2000 Russia and it does make sense that the elites are trying to reflect on how to succesfully adrress it (not that it has been acknowledged), but this process has to be quick or this silence mixed with "skinny" statements could play against the elite itself.

Third, very briefly. I am still searching for infos about the % of votes which is believene to have been "robbed" by frauds, although I still cannot express a documented opinion, I say till now that I disagree with the idea of repreating the elections, while I agree about recount.

Fourth, as previously said I look at the candidature of Mikhail Prokhorov as a very negative element and if what will survive from this early stage of "crowd" will endorse him, I think I will develop a quite negative opinion of it.

Fifth, Kudrin's new party? Another Liberal one? Well, we really missed a new one.. after Yabloko, Right Cause and the Other Russia (which however I would hardly define as Liberal, as within the coalition "the Other Russia" we find the party "the Other Russia", which is the new name of Limonov's NationalBolsheviks [hammer&sickle on nazi style flag, serious guys..). There is only one thing the Liberal opposition should do to try to get that famous "voice in the DUma", which is to cluster. I does not seem this is going to happend anytime soon..

 

IRAQIDINAR

2:04 PM ET

December 14, 2011

Wow :D

This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.

This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
This image shows the average temperature profile through the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the thermosphere are very sensitive to solar activity and can vary from 500°C to 1500°C. Source: Windows to the Universe, (http://www.windows.ucar.edu), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). ©1995-1999, 2000 The Regents of the University of Michigan; ©2000-04 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.

Rain, for one, is ‘returned’ to Earth by the clouds in the atmosphere. Explaining the hydrologic cycle, Encyclopedia Britannica writes:

“Water evaporates from both the aquatic and terrestrial environments as it is heated by the Sun’s energy. The rates of evaporation and precipitation depend on solar energy, as do the patterns of circulation of moisture in the air and currents in the ocean. Evaporation exceeds precipitation over the oceans, and this water vapor is transported by the wind over land, where it returns to the land through precipitation.”[2]

Not only does the atmosphere return what was on the surface back to the surface, but it reflects back into space that which might damage the flora and fauna the earth sustains, such as excessive radiant heat. In the 1990’s, collaborations between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan resulted in the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. Polar, Wind and Geotail are a part of this initiative, combining resources and scientific communities to obtain coordinated, simultaneous investigations of the Sun-Earth space environment over an extended period of time. They have an excellent explanation of how the atmosphere returns solar heat to space.[3]

Besides ‘returning’ rain, heat and radio waves, the atmosphere protects us like a ceiling above our heads by filtering out deadly cosmic rays, powerful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, and even meteorites on collision course with Earth.[4]

Pennsylvania State Public Broadcasting tells us:

“The sunlight that we can see represents one group of wavelengths, visible light. Other wavelengths emitted by the sun include x-rays and ultraviolet radiation. X-rays and some ultraviolet light waves are absorbed high in Earth’s atmosphere. They heat the thin layer of gas there to very high temperatures. Ultraviolet light waves are the rays that can cause sunburn. Most ultraviolet light waves are absorbed by a thicker layer of gas closer to Earth called the ozone layer. travel agent By soaking up the deadly ultraviolet and x-rays, the atmosphere acts as a protective shield around the planet. Like a giant thermal blanket, the atmosphere also keeps temperatures from getting too hot or too cold. In addition, the atmosphere also protects us from constant bombardment by meteoroids, bits of rock and dust that travel at high speeds throughout the solar system. The falling stars we see at night are not stars at all; they are actually meteoroids burning up in our atmosphere due to the extreme heating they undergo.
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Admin of agenda software

 

YARINSIZ

1:07 AM ET

January 10, 2012

Besides all the above, the

Besides all the above, the Facebook account of Russian President Dmitri Medvedev yesterday was saturated with thousands of comments from citizens outraged by his seslichat stance against the protests recorded since last week against the results of recent parliamentary elections deemed fraudulent by the opposition

 

THOMASMAYS

4:08 PM ET

January 10, 2012

Foreign sabotage may be behind troubles

The fundamental issue is our space industry continues to be degrading for a long period," says Roman Gusarov, editor of Avia.ru, a web-based aerospace magazine. "It's very complicated technology, having a long chain of commercial suppliers, and also the holes happen to be growing wider and much more numerous for a long time … The machine can continue to come out old Soyuz and Progress ships, however it can't handle bodybuilding fitness. I do not realise why these were in this hurry to produce Phobos-Grunt, because of the known risks."

The beleaguered Roskosmos chief Popovkin, that has only experienced his job since last April, insisted Tuesday when they hadn't seized the November launch window the company might have lost a lot more than $150-million and can have experienced to scrap the mission altogether.