Life in the village of Wukan returned to normal now I think since the provincial authorities began investigating alleged fraud, but villagers will continue petitioning if their demands are not met. That China and chinese people will not stand if authorities continue to do fraud or bribery.

by Staff Writers
Wukan, China (AFP) Dec 18, 2011
China orders police charm offensive
Beijing (AFP) Dec 18, 2011 - China's security chief has ordered police on a six-month charm offensive to improve relations with the public and deal with their gripes, following a spate of social unrest across the country.
Police should "carry out in-depth investigations" and "enhance people's sense of safety and satisfaction" during the campaign, which was launched by the public security ministry on Friday, Zhou Yongkang said in a statement.
"Public security organs at all levels... should promote... the spirit of serving the people, justice, and honesty and do the best to safeguard national security, social harmony and stability," said Zhou, who is a member of the politburo, in the statement published Saturday.
The announcement highlights the growing concern in the top ranks of the Communist party over rising social tensions across China as it prepares for a generational leadership handover next year.
It comes as thousands of villagers in southern China stage a revolt against local Communist officials. The villagers say the officials have been stealing their land for years and are responsible for the death of a community leader.
The 13,000 residents of Wukan, in the wealthy province of Guangdong, have taken to the streets to demand their land back and for officials to return the body of Xue Jinbo, who died in police custody last Sunday.
Wukan is located in China's manufacturing heartland where thousands of factory workers have gone on strike in recent months as slowing export demand forces manufacturers to cut pay.
In November, more than 7,000 workers went on strike at a Guangdong factory making Western brand shoes, clashing with police in a protest over layoffs and wage cuts.
A mass protest earlier this year in the northeastern city of Dalian forced the government to move an unpopular chemical plant -- another sign, analysts say, that China's growing middle class is increasingly willing to fight back.
Protesting villagers in southern China said Sunday they will march on government offices this week unless the body of a local leader is released and four villagers in police custody are freed.
The 13,000 residents of Wukan, in the wealthy province of Guangdong, are in open revolt against officialdom and have driven out local Communist Party leaders who they say have been stealing their land for years.
The villagers appear to be winning support from the public, with the first confirmed protest backing them held in the provincial capital Guangzhou on Sunday. The three demonstrators there were detained by police.
While the Guangzhou protest was relatively small, it is a sign that government efforts to block news of the unrest in Wukan have failed and the villagers are attracting public support.
Many local businesses have been closed for the past week while schools have been shuttered as riot police blockade the village, which has for months been the scene of occasionally violent protests over land seizures.
Authorities have vowed to crack down on the instigators of the latest unrest, which was triggered by the arrest nine days ago of five villagers, one of whom died last Sunday in police custody.
Authorities say the 42-year-old man suffered a heart attack, while relatives who saw the body said they believed he had been beaten to death.
Villagers told AFP on Sunday they will march to government offices in Lufeng city on Wednesday unless the body of Xue Jinbo is returned and the other four villagers still in police custody are released.
"If they do not return our people then for sure we will march to Lufeng," said a villager surnamed Zhang, 44, who told AFP his family's plot of farmland was taken from him in 1995. It would be the third such march since September.
Community leaders have started to collect donations of food and money for the "several hundred villagers" struggling to feed themselves due to the cordons of police and riot squads blocking the main roads in and out of Wukan.
"Yesterday we raised about 10,000 yuan ($1,575) in donations for the poorer people," said a villager surnamed Chen, outside a building where a dozen 20-kilogramme (44-pound) sacks of rice were stacked.
Villagers complain that local leaders have been stealing their land for decades. Anger boiled over in September when a lucrative housing project involving yet more valuable farmland was announced.
The villagers marched to a nearby police post and violent clashes ensued. Since then, Wukan has driven out local Communist leaders who residents say have ruled the village as despots.
Despite the police blockade, some businesses have remained open but owners complain they are running low on supplies.
"Of course we are having difficulties. Due to the police blockade we cannot get in any new stock," a man surnamed Wu told AFP in his general store where shelves normally packed with alcohol, oil and other cooking ingredients were half empty.
But some food supplies from neighbouring villages have reached Wukan. Another man surnamed Wu said he had been carrying cabbages, lettuce and broccoli on his back into Wukan via back roads to avoid the police checkpoints.
"I have been coming here every day to sell vegetables. They are short on supplies and they have no farmland of their own," Wu said.
Parents also expressed concern about their children's education with village schools now shut for more than a week.
"It is too difficult to carry on normal life when the government is treating us this way," said a woman surnamed Li, who has two children.
"Of course, I want my children to go to school, but right now is not the right time. We have to wait and see how this will be handled."
The three protesters detained in Guangzhou told AFP it was the second time in a week they had demonstrated in support of the Wukan villagers after reading about their plight on the Internet.
They hoped to "encourage people to go out onto the street".

thanks
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yes the chinese nation will rise up again. No one can beat Chinese nation. They are the world best nation who have changed them self a lot.
no one can be like chinese. They are world best community. No one take them down.

China is a civilization that is as old as history itself, with over 4000 years of written history. Along with its contemporaries, the Egyptians and the Greeks, it took its steps towards civilization becoming one of the most powerful, prosperous and sophisticated nation in the ancient world. This was still while most of the rest of world's would be great nations were still small tribal villages. China thought itself to be the "Central Kingdom".

Throughout its long history, its presence has been felt not only by its neighbors but also as a source of trade and wonderment for its contemporaries in far off Europe. Inspiring many adventurous merchants and later armies to seek trade and conduct business with its vast economy. It was trading partners to Rome and India in ancient times, establishing what is known as the Silk Road. It continued to prosper, even after the fall of Rome, and Europe languished in the Dark Ages, reaching what could arguably be its zenith thus far, in the 15th century. With "treasure ships", reaching a length rumored to be of 400 feet long, and containing naval technology that would not be repeated by the rest of the world for years to come. China established trade routes to as far away as Africa, and engaged in power diplomacy towards its neighbors.
China began with the Xia Dynasty in 2200 B.C. which established the beginning of dynastic rule in the region and the the emergence of a Chinese writing system. Dynastic rule was facilitated by silk and copper manufacturing which had begun a thousand years earlier, along with rice cultivation which had begun as far back as 6500 B.C. The Xia dynasty followed by the Shang Dynasty, which lasted from (1700 B.C.. to 1027 B.C.). The emergence of a China that was to dominate its neighbors for centuries began at this time. The Shang made many advances in technology, producing metalwork that was superior to any other nation at the time. Eventually, this dynasty was overthrown by one of its tribes called the Zhou. It lasted the longest of all dynasties, until 221 B.C.. Towards the end of this dynasty; incursions from northern Barbarians saw the Zhou court sacked by invaders. Historians have named this period the "Spring Autumn Period" (770 B.C. to 476 B.C.) after a famous chronicle of the time, and the "Warring States Period" (475 B.C.. to 221 B.C.) when centrality of rule was all but lost. The Warring states period was ended with its first Imperial Emperor, Chin Shi Huang. Chin Shi Huang, was able to unify the country for the first time and establish the Chin Dynasty in 221 B.C.. It is from this dynasty that China gets its western name. It was marked by the harshness and brutality of its ruler in China's first attempt to connect the walls created by the warring states, and by the burning of Confucian books, and banishment of Confucian scholars.

It was followed by the Han dynasty (206 B.C.. to 220 A.D.) After which the members of the ethnic majority in China, the "people of Han," are named. This also saw the birth of the meritocracy in the form of civil service exams that was open to all social classes. The collapse of the Han Dynasty saw a period of civil war lasting over four centuries, which spawned the ancient historical novel, "The Romance of Three Kingdoms".

This was followed by the Sui dynasty (581 A.D to 617 A.D) which saw the completion of the Grand Canal started in 486 B.C.. which stretches 1114 miles linking the Yangze to the Yellow River. The Tang dynasty (618 A.D. to 907 A.D.) saw the resurgence of Confucian ideals, and the introduction of Buddhism into China by way of India. This period is considered the high point in Chinese cultural development when printing spread literature and art to vast numbers of the population. However through steady decline in military power, the dynasty ended with fragmentation of the empire for the next half century until the Song dynasty reunited the country in 960 A.D. The Song dynasty saw Chinese culture and scholastic schools of thought spread into Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

Confucius

However, by the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols ruled China after their campaigns across Asia and Europe establishing the Yuen dynasty in 1279 A.D. Foreign rule was ended by a Buddhist monk turned General in 1368 A.D., establishing the Ming Dynasty. It saw China create the greatest navy of its day, sailing to as distant Africa. As a result of the expense of the expeditions as well as from rival factions within the government which saw more importance in defending China from constant harassment from Northern barbarians and foreign influence, the voyages were suddenly stopped, and the Navy destroyed after 1433 A.D. However in 1644 A.D., the Manchurians conquered and ruled China until dynastic rule finally ended the Qing dynasty, in 1912. Henceforth China through a tumultuous process transforms itself to today's People's Republic of China, and currently the country with the largest population in the world.

China's tradition of literature, art, and science in ancient times spawned many inventions. Many are counted as some of the most important in the world, these includes: paper, printing, silk, porcelain, paper currency, the compass to gunpowder. It has also spawned many notable philosophers and scholars as well. Much of which comes from what was known as the "Spring Autumn Period" which spawned the "Hundred Schools of Thought". Best known in the west are Kong Zi or "Confucius", (551 B.C. to 479 B.C.) and his disciple Meng Zi or "Mencius" (372 B.C. to 289 B.C.). Their philosophy forms the cornerstone of Chinese thought; they appealed to the innate goodness of mankind to live according to prescribed relationship in regards to respecting the elders and authority. This was opposed by a rival school of thought, known as Legalism developed by another disciple Xun Zi. This philosophy saw mankind as innately evil and required strict authoritarian control for society to function and was adopted by the Chin Emperor to justify his harsh rule. In the Warring States period, Sun Tzu wrote treaties on war and strategy that are as insightful today as they were to China in ancient times.
hile China's influence on its neighbors was great, and its inventions and culture inspired others. China has also been attacked by many barbarians throughout its history. From the Huns and other central Asian steppe tribes to the Mongols who first managed to successfully invade China and then again by the Manchurians (a tribe from Northern China) four centuries later. Much of modern China's territory including Mongolia was incorporated under the auspice of the of the Manchurians duiring the Qing dynasty. However time and again China inevitably assimilated its invaders.

These continuous barbarian encounters throughout its history, led China to build greater and greater walls and garrisons along its northern border, finally in the 15th century culminating in the Great Wall which stretches over 5000 miles across its northern border. This saw China eventually abandoning its naval superiority and turning ever inwards, and into isolationist stasis, until dynastic rule finally collapsed under the weight of its own inertia.

Imperial China's collapse was spurred on by western imperialist powers, by means of the Opium Wars in 1839 A.D. China was thrust into the modern world, battered and bruised, with Britain, Japan, Russia, Germany, France, and Belgium each gaining spheres of influence and or territorial concessions in China. Over the next century and a half, which saw China through a tumultuous time. Including several rebellions: Taiping Rebellion from 1815 A.D. to 1864 A.D., Boxer Rebellion in 1900 A.D., the Republican Revolution in 1911 A.D. under Dr. Sun Yat-Sen known as the father of modern China. Then a bloody conflict with the Japanese (1931 A.D. to 1945 A.D.). Followed by a civil war which saw China come under a communist form of government under Mao Zedong in 1949 A.D., who instituted a disastrous cultural revolution which saw the deaths of millions of people through famine, and the persecution of intellectuals. It did however set China firmly on a path of modernization. Finally with Mao's death and a slow return to a market economy. China is emerging once again as a major force to be reckoned with in the modern world.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy. A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy.Travel A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.

Thanks

Congratulations to Wukan, small ripples which one day will grow into embers that can not be unstoppable. bamboo curtain country that actually is an iron curtain countries. no matter how small tolerance towards people of China during this input. repressive military force against the people still will not be lasting. people power is the power of god that can not be matched by anything. china is only a matter of time. 'll see

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There is not enough good land in China to go round. The most valuable is in and around towns and villages. Local authorities, short of a buck, have found a way of enriching themselves. Seize land held by locals, pay measly compensation, and then flog it to the highest bidder. The good citizens of Wukan, in Guangdong province, have just been on the receiving end of such a scam. Locals were each paid the equivalent of $87 for their property. This added up to a few thousand dollars. The development site was then sold for over $100 million. Local officials were in the money and could report healthy finances to Beijing. However they reckoned without the spirit of the villagers. They sent a representative to negotiate and mysteriously he died of ‘heart failure’ in hospital. That was it. All other officials were thrown out of the village and a committee was set up to run affairs. They claim they are not in rebellion but merely calling for their land to be returned and for their committee to be recognised by the authorities.
Thanks

Good reply. :)
yes the chinese nation will rise up again. No one can beat Chinese nation. They are the world best nation who have changed them self a lot.
no one can be like chinese. They are world best community. No one take them down.

China is a civilization that is as old as history itself, with over 4000 years of written history. Along with its contemporaries, the Egyptians and the Greeks, it took its steps towards civilization becoming one of the most powerful, prosperous and sophisticated nation in the ancient world. This was still while most of the rest of world's would be great nations were still small tribal villages. China thought itself to be the "Central Kingdom".

Throughout its long history, its presence has been felt not only by its neighbors but also as a source of trade and wonderment for its contemporaries in far off Europe. Inspiring many adventurous merchants and later armies to seek trade and conduct business with its vast economy. It was trading partners to Rome and India in ancient times, establishing what is known as the Silk Road. It continued to prosper, even after the fall of Rome, and Europe languished in the Dark Ages, reaching what could arguably be its zenith thus far, in the 15th century. With "treasure ships", reaching a length rumored to be of 400 feet long, and containing naval technology that would not be repeated by the rest of the world for years to come. China established trade routes to as far away as Africa, and engaged in power diplomacy towards its neighbors.
China began with the Xia Dynasty in 2200 B.C. which established the beginning of dynastic rule in the region and the the emergence of a Chinese writing system. Dynastic rule was facilitated by silk and copper manufacturing which had begun a thousand years earlier, along with rice cultivation which had begun as far back as 6500 B.C. The Xia dynasty followed by the Shang Dynasty, which lasted from (1700 B.C.. to 1027 B.C.). The emergence of a China that was to dominate its neighbors for centuries began at this time. The Shang made many advances in technology, producing metalwork that was superior to any other nation at the time. Eventually, this dynasty was overthrown by one of its tribes called the Zhou. It lasted the longest of all dynasties, until 221 B.C.. Towards the end of this dynasty; incursions from northern Barbarians saw the Zhou court sacked by invaders. Historians have named this period the "Spring Autumn Period" (770 B.C. to 476 B.C.) after a famous chronicle of the time, and the "Warring States Period" (475 B.C.. to 221 B.C.) when centrality of rule was all but lost. The Warring states period was ended with its first Imperial Emperor, Chin Shi Huang. Chin Shi Huang, was able to unify the country for the first time and establish the Chin Dynasty in 221 B.C.. It is from this dynasty that China gets its western name. It was marked by the harshness and brutality of its ruler in China's first attempt to connect the walls created by the warring states, and by the burning of Confucian books, and banishment of Confucian scholars.

It was followed by the Han dynasty (206 B.C.. to 220 A.D.) After which the members of the ethnic majority in China, the "people of Han," are named. This also saw the birth of the meritocracy in the form of civil service exams that was open to all social classes. The collapse of the Han Dynasty saw a period of civil war lasting over four centuries, which spawned the ancient historical novel, "The Romance of Three Kingdoms".

This was followed by the Sui dynasty (581 A.D to 617 A.D) which saw the completion of the Grand Canal started in 486 B.C.. which stretches 1114 miles linking the Yangze to the Yellow River. The Tang dynasty (618 A.D. to 907 A.D.) saw the resurgence of Confucian ideals, and the introduction of Buddhism into China by way of India. This period is considered the high point in Chinese cultural development when printing spread literature and art to vast numbers of the population. However through steady decline in military power, the dynasty ended with fragmentation of the empire for the next half century until the Song dynasty reunited the country in 960 A.D. The Song dynasty saw Chinese culture and scholastic schools of thought spread into Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

Confucius

However, by the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols ruled China after their campaigns across Asia and Europe establishing the Yuen dynasty in 1279 A.D. Foreign rule was ended by a Buddhist monk turned General in 1368 A.D., establishing the Ming Dynasty. It saw China create the greatest navy of its day, sailing to as distant Africa. As a result of the expense of the expeditions as well as from rival factions within the government which saw more importance in defending China from constant harassment from Northern barbarians and foreign influence, the voyages were suddenly stopped, and the Navy destroyed after 1433 A.D. However in 1644 A.D., the Manchurians conquered and ruled China until dynastic rule finally ended the Qing dynasty, in 1912. Henceforth China through a tumultuous process transforms itself to today's People's Republic of China, and currently the country with the largest population in the world.

China's tradition of literature, art, and science in ancient times spawned many inventions. Many are counted as some of the most important in the world, these includes: paper, printing, silk, porcelain, paper currency, the compass to gunpowder. It has also spawned many notable philosophers and scholars as well. Much of which comes from what was known as the "Spring Autumn Period" which spawned the "Hundred Schools of Thought". Best known in the west are Kong Zi or "Confucius", (551 B.C. to 479 B.C.) and his disciple Meng Zi or "Mencius" (372 B.C. to 289 B.C.). Their philosophy forms the cornerstone of Chinese thought; they appealed to the innate goodness of mankind to live according to prescribed relationship in regards to respecting the elders and authority. This was opposed by a rival school of thought, known as Legalism developed by another disciple Xun Zi. This philosophy saw mankind as innately evil and required strict authoritarian control for society to function and was adopted by the Chin Emperor to justify his harsh rule. In the Warring States period, Sun Tzu wrote treaties on war and strategy that are as insightful today as they were to China in ancient times.
hile China's influence on its neighbors was great, and its inventions and culture inspired others. China has also been attacked by many barbarians throughout its history. From the Huns and other central Asian steppe tribes to the Mongols who first managed to successfully invade China and then again by the Manchurians (a tribe from Northern China) four centuries later. Much of modern China's territory including Mongolia was incorporated under the auspice of the of the Manchurians duiring the Qing dynasty. However time and again China inevitably assimilated its invaders.

These continuous barbarian encounters throughout its history, led China to build greater and greater walls and garrisons along its northern border, finally in the 15th century culminating in the Great Wall which stretches over 5000 miles across its northern border. This saw China eventually abandoning its naval superiority and turning ever inwards, and into isolationist stasis, until dynastic rule finally collapsed under the weight of its own inertia.

Imperial China's collapse was spurred on by western imperialist powers, by means of the Opium Wars in 1839 A.D. China was thrust into the modern world, battered and bruised, with Britain, Japan, Russia, Germany, France, and Belgium each gaining spheres of influence and or territorial concessions in China. Over the next century and a half, which saw China through a tumultuous time. Including several rebellions: Taiping Rebellion from 1815 A.D. to 1864 A.D., Boxer Rebellion in 1900 A.D., the Republican Revolution in 1911 A.D. under Dr. Sun Yat-Sen known as the father of modern China. Then a bloody conflict with the Japanese (1931 A.D. to 1945 A.D.). Followed by a civil war which saw China come under a communist form of government under Mao Zedong in 1949 A.D., who instituted a disastrous cultural revolution which saw the deaths of millions of people through famine, and the persecution of intellectuals. It did however set China firmly on a path of modernization. Finally with Mao's death and a slow return to a market economy. China is emerging once again as a major force to be reckoned with in the modern world.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy. A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy.Travel A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.

Good reply. :)
yes the chinese nation will rise up again. No one can beat Chinese nation. They are the world best nation who have changed them self a lot.
no one can be like chinese. They are world best community. No one take them down.

China is a civilization that is as old as history itself, with over 4000 years of written history. Along with its contemporaries, the Egyptians and the Greeks, it took its steps towards civilization becoming one of the most powerful, prosperous and sophisticated nation in the ancient world. This was still while most of the rest of world's would be great nations were still small tribal villages. China thought itself to be the "Central Kingdom".

Throughout its long history, its presence has been felt not only by its neighbors but also as a source of trade and wonderment for its contemporaries in far off Europe. Inspiring many adventurous merchants and later armies to seek trade and conduct business with its vast economy. It was trading partners to Rome and India in ancient times, establishing what is known as the Silk Road. It continued to prosper, even after the fall of Rome, and Europe languished in the Dark Ages, reaching what could arguably be its zenith thus far, in the 15th century. With "treasure ships", reaching a length rumored to be of 400 feet long, and containing naval technology that would not be repeated by the rest of the world for years to come. China established trade routes to as far away as Africa, and engaged in power diplomacy towards its neighbors.
China began with the Xia Dynasty in 2200 B.C. which established the beginning of dynastic rule in the region and the the emergence of a Chinese writing system. Dynastic rule was facilitated by silk and copper manufacturing which had begun a thousand years earlier, along with rice cultivation which had begun as far back as 6500 B.C. The Xia dynasty followed by the Shang Dynasty, which lasted from (1700 B.C.. to 1027 B.C.). The emergence of a China that was to dominate its neighbors for centuries began at this time. The Shang made many advances in technology, producing metalwork that was superior to any other nation at the time. Eventually, this dynasty was overthrown by one of its tribes called the Zhou. It lasted the longest of all dynasties, until 221 B.C.. Towards the end of this dynasty; incursions from northern Barbarians saw the Zhou court sacked by invaders. Historians have named this period the "Spring Autumn Period" (770 B.C. to 476 B.C.) after a famous chronicle of the time, and the "Warring States Period" (475 B.C.. to 221 B.C.) when centrality of rule was all but lost. The Warring states period was ended with its first Imperial Emperor, Chin Shi Huang. Chin Shi Huang, was able to unify the country for the first time and establish the Chin Dynasty in 221 B.C.. It is from this dynasty that China gets its western name. It was marked by the harshness and brutality of its ruler in China's first attempt to connect the walls created by the warring states, and by the burning of Confucian books, and banishment of Confucian scholars.

It was followed by the Han dynasty (206 B.C.. to 220 A.D.) After which the members of the ethnic majority in China, the "people of Han," are named. This also saw the birth of the meritocracy in the form of civil service exams that was open to all social classes. The collapse of the Han Dynasty saw a period of civil war lasting over four centuries, which spawned the ancient historical novel, "The Romance of Three Kingdoms".

This was followed by the Sui dynasty (581 A.D to 617 A.D) which saw the completion of the Grand Canal started in 486 B.C.. which stretches 1114 miles linking the Yangze to the Yellow River. The Tang dynasty (618 A.D. to 907 A.D.) saw the resurgence of Confucian ideals, and the introduction of Buddhism into China by way of India. This period is considered the high point in Chinese cultural development when printing spread literature and art to vast numbers of the population. However through steady decline in military power, the dynasty ended with fragmentation of the empire for the next half century until the Song dynasty reunited the country in 960 A.D. The Song dynasty saw Chinese culture and scholastic schools of thought spread into Korea, Vietnam, and Japan.

Confucius

However, by the middle of the 13th century, the Mongols ruled China after their campaigns across Asia and Europe establishing the Yuen dynasty in 1279 A.D. Foreign rule was ended by a Buddhist monk turned General in 1368 A.D., establishing the Ming Dynasty. It saw China create the greatest navy of its day, sailing to as distant Africa. As a result of the expense of the expeditions as well as from rival factions within the government which saw more importance in defending China from constant harassment from Northern barbarians and foreign influence, the voyages were suddenly stopped, and the Navy destroyed after 1433 A.D. However in 1644 A.D., the Manchurians conquered and ruled China until dynastic rule finally ended the Qing dynasty, in 1912. Henceforth China through a tumultuous process transforms itself to today's People's Republic of China, and currently the country with the largest population in the world.

China's tradition of literature, art, and science in ancient times spawned many inventions. Many are counted as some of the most important in the world, these includes: paper, printing, silk, porcelain, paper currency, the compass to gunpowder. It has also spawned many notable philosophers and scholars as well. Much of which comes from what was known as the "Spring Autumn Period" which spawned the "Hundred Schools of Thought". Best known in the west are Kong Zi or "Confucius", (551 B.C. to 479 B.C.) and his disciple Meng Zi or "Mencius" (372 B.C. to 289 B.C.). Their philosophy forms the cornerstone of Chinese thought; they appealed to the innate goodness of mankind to live according to prescribed relationship in regards to respecting the elders and authority. This was opposed by a rival school of thought, known as Legalism developed by another disciple Xun Zi. This philosophy saw mankind as innately evil and required strict authoritarian control for society to function and was adopted by the Chin Emperor to justify his harsh rule. In the Warring States period, Sun Tzu wrote treaties on war and strategy that are as insightful today as they were to China in ancient times.
hile China's influence on its neighbors was great, and its inventions and culture inspired others. China has also been attacked by many barbarians throughout its history. From the Huns and other central Asian steppe tribes to the Mongols who first managed to successfully invade China and then again by the Manchurians (a tribe from Northern China) four centuries later. Much of modern China's territory including Mongolia was incorporated under the auspice of the of the Manchurians duiring the Qing dynasty. However time and again China inevitably assimilated its invaders.

These continuous barbarian encounters throughout its history, led China to build greater and greater walls and garrisons along its northern border, finally in the 15th century culminating in the Great Wall which stretches over 5000 miles across its northern border. This saw China eventually abandoning its naval superiority and turning ever inwards, and into isolationist stasis, until dynastic rule finally collapsed under the weight of its own inertia.

Imperial China's collapse was spurred on by western imperialist powers, by means of the Opium Wars in 1839 A.D. China was thrust into the modern world, battered and bruised, with Britain, Japan, Russia, Germany, France, and Belgium each gaining spheres of influence and or territorial concessions in China. Over the next century and a half, which saw China through a tumultuous time. Including several rebellions: Taiping Rebellion from 1815 A.D. to 1864 A.D., Boxer Rebellion in 1900 A.D., the Republican Revolution in 1911 A.D. under Dr. Sun Yat-Sen known as the father of modern China. Then a bloody conflict with the Japanese (1931 A.D. to 1945 A.D.). Followed by a civil war which saw China come under a communist form of government under Mao Zedong in 1949 A.D., who instituted a disastrous cultural revolution which saw the deaths of millions of people through famine, and the persecution of intellectuals. It did however set China firmly on a path of modernization. Finally with Mao's death and a slow return to a market economy. China is emerging once again as a major force to be reckoned with in the modern world.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy. A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.
The player using China would do well to advance into the medieval age quickly. This in order to gain its special gunpowder unit, the fire lance, one age before anyone else gets gunpowder units, and with faster knowledge accumulation and a superior economic unit production rate they are able to get to this age even faster then other Civs. Thereby getting some units that packs a big punch possibly two ages ahead of anyone else. With the Chinese economy they should be able carry the day as the age advances, and mop up in the later ages with their Manchurian infantry Units available from its Enlightenment to Modern Age. The cheaper and faster producing unique infantry units should facilitate a good infantry flood strategy, and a bonuses in research should allow the Chinese player to make sure their units keep up with others in terms of effective strength. They should also use their economic strengths to round out their attack forces to counter any anti-infantry units.

Sun Tzu in his treaties on the art of war said, that the best way to settle a dispute is by diplomacy.Travel A descendent of his, Sun Pin, later added that "However vast a state. He who takes pleasure in war will perish". So in this regard, the Rise of Nations' China as played by the computer's AI will be more amicable to settle disputes peacefully. So players should take note that it maybe best to negotiate with China rather then face its immense army and vast economic and scientific strengths head on.

Thanks

Admin of wall clock | Electric Kettles

Unfortunately the Chinese regime will not change anytime soon. Forces that drive China today have formed a self defense system that with Chinese intelligence know how to control the population. For decades the Chinese are kept on the edge of survival, but officials know that this limit is exceeded extreme hunger that can lead to social instability. The case presented in this article will probably sfarsii death in suspicious circumstances leader there. But surely local residents will benefit because the authorities will realize that they have passed that limit poverty which has to perform. I think this example will be followed by other areas of China, although they will lose lives.
Chinese secret services are in place and have many advantages that can handle all areas of China's population.
Posted by preparare protofil

Imperialist Chinese communists, get your ass out of Tibet and stop bullying other countries, like the Philippines.

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This is truly a great story. You have to respect the fact that there are so called peasents willing to take a stand against these corrupt officials. google redirect virus removal tool It would be great if more people protested across China and actually forced changes for the better. Unfortunately it is probably unlikely to happen. These officials should not be allowed to get away the garbage that they pull.

Wukan is one of the three protest towns that have most recently attracted the attention of Western media, all three being in the third richest province, Guangdong, which is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macau which themselves are wealthy Special Administrative Regions of the PRC. The author characterizes Guangdong province as "rich" but we're talking about rich in the PRC, i.e., even in GD province no one has yet heard of a dishwashing machine.

Nonetheless, GD province is well known for distancing itself from a number of the dogmas of Beijing and for an independent streak that regularly causes migranes in Beijing. As in Hong Kong recently, for example, large demonstrations were also held in Guangzhou City, the capital of GD province, in defense of retaining the native Cantonese language in the face of Beijing's insistence all Chinese adopt Mandarin (Putonghua/Beijinghua) as the common language.

Guangdong provincial and municipal officials are notorious in Beijing for resisting mandates and dogmas that other provincial and municipal officials throughout China readily accept. While governors and mayors are appointed by Beijing, the CCP Central Committee and the PRC State Council take painful care to respect the relative autonomy of GD province lest too much resistance begin to fester. GD provincial officials decidedly prefer to utilize the velvet glove approach rather than to wield the hammer in dealing with protest, and GD residents would accept no less than the velvet glove.

Last year when a delegation of teachers spontaneously went to the Guangzhou City Hall/Palace Education Office to object to low pay and working conditions, GZ authorities received them calmly while simultaneously ordering all the gates of all schools locked to keep teachers contained. Teachers nonetheless got an additional yuan 100 a month and for good measure taxi drivers got an additional 0.5 yuan per fare. It's unusual for protest or grievances in GD province to rise to the level of being newsworthy in the West.

When Uighur migrant workers from the rebellious Muslim, Turkic speaking XinJiang Region in the westernmost PRC rioted in a factory in Guangdong province, Shenzhen city, Grandpa Wen himself left his seat as chairman of the Council of State to visit, calming the situation by presenting wage increases. Such is the pull of GD province in its wish to take the road less travelled. In XinJiang Region itself, PRC authorities last month shot and killed six Uighurs in only the most recent incident of Uighur resistance to Chinese imperial rule over the recently annexed land.

So it's no surprise to anyone remotely acquainted with GD province that a provincial deputy party secretary showed up (eventually) in Wukan to respond to the situation. Number one, GD provincial officials are not of the nature to bulldoze or shoot up the town or its peasant population. Number two, the Central Committee in Beijing, as also noted in the AFP story posted above, is trying to take what one could characterize as a "compassionate conservative" approach towards a "kinder and gentler" PRC during increasingly stressrul economic and financial times.

Until Wukan, most protests were met with water cannons or as in 1989 by tanks and the army. Dr. Liu Xiaobo, the 2010 Nobel Peace Laureate is incarcerated for 11 years for advocating a gradual and peaceful evolution to democracy in the PRC. One can hope the so-called spirit of Wukan can circulate throughout the PRC. Given the PRC's unprecedented state apparatus of oppression and repression, however, one might be wise to expect Guangdong to remain Guangdong and the rest of the PRC to remain the fascist state of ruthless dictatorship and corruption that it is.

It will be interesting however to see how far the CCP is willing to take the softer and gentler response to increasing unrest throughout the whole of the PRC.

Chinese Village Focus of Internal Communist Party Conflict: Villagers show what life without the Party would be like

By Wang Hua
Epoch Times Staff
Created: December 22, 2011
Last Updated: December 28, 2011

Commentary

In Wukan Village in Guangdong Province, China, villagers have been protesting for months to have a say in their own affairs—to elect their own village officials and to refuse having their land taken away from them. When Communist Party officials at the county-level on Dec. 20 agreed, with important reservations, to the villagers’ demands, the temperature was raised in an ongoing internal conflict about the direction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

There are two political forces inside the CCP. The conservative faction, represented by Bo Xilai, wants to return to the time of Mao Zedong. The reforming faction, represented by Wang Yang, the Party head of Guangdong Province, hopes that China can gradually take the path of democracy.

If the Chinese premier, Wen Jiabao, is the CCP official who talks the most about democracy, Wang is the one who has done the most for democracy.

In the provincial capital of Guangzhou City, on Nov. 18, hundreds of workers paraded on the street asking for higher wages. Wang sent police cars to escort and accompany them. This was unprecedented in the history of the CCP.

On Nov. 21, nearly 4,000 villagers in Wukan paraded to the Lufeng City municipal building. The acting Mayor of Lufeng City, Qiu Jinxiong, met with the villagers. Immediately afterward Qui interrogated and detained the village cadre whom the villagers accused, and promised a thorough investigation.

The villagers returned safely. Afterwards, Qiu recognized the legitimacy of the village council that the villagers had elected on their own, without the regime’s participation, and gave wages to the council representatives—1,000 yuan (approximately US$157.79) per month for two months for each representative.

The vice chairman of the council, Xue Jinbo, however, probably became a victim of the ongoing power struggle. Xue was arrested on Dec. 9, and his family received a notice two days later, saying Xue had died of heart disease. The family was allowed to view but not remove the body. It was covered with bruises, the skull and sternum were broken, and fingernails had been pulled off. Xue was apparently tortured to death.

We can guess that those who arrested and killed Xue Jinbo were not Wang’s people. They might be from the political and law enforcement system. Zhou Yongkang, the boss of public security, is a member of the conservative faction in the CCP. The conservatives may have wanted to intensify the intra-party conflict and challenge Wang Yang.

If Wang can stick to the path of peace, instead of armed repression, and pacify the people through compromise, he may increase his chances of being chosen in 2012 to join the Central Committee—the nine CCP members who rule China.

Wang seems to want the news to get out about events in Wukan. Foreign reporters were allowed to enter the village, which goes against the CCP’s time-tested playbook of repression. With the reporters present, Wukan became a show at which the whole world could witness Wang’s open-mindedness.

Nevertheless, Wang can’t make good on his promise of liberality. The success of the Wukan villagers will inspire all of the landless farmers in China to follow the Wukan example. They will also stand up to fight back, and the CCP’s regime will not be stable.

The CCP has no choice but to continue the policy of suppression, and this includes Wang. Sooner or later, notwithstanding the assurances just made to the Wukan villagers, Wang will still have to raise the knife. Not only Wang, but Party head Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao face this dilemma in dealing with the confrontation between the regime and the people.

Meanwhile, the experiment in Wukan is showing how unnecessary the Party’s rule is. The democratically elected village council has not only led the villagers to peacefully defend themselves against invasion by the police, they have also given help to the poor.

The whole village of over 10,000 people is in good order. There are no thieves and people don’t even close their doors at night. There are no more village CCP cadres bullying villagers, and people help one another. All villagers discuss everything together. Under the “anarchy” of self-government, the management of everything is much better than in the past.

The people of China are watching and in Wukan they see clearly: Without the Communist Party, life is better.

Wukan’s Fate: Collecting the Debt After the Autumn Harvest

By Heng He
Epoch Times Staff
January 4, 2012

For three months, the rebellious village of Wukan in Guangdong Province seemed to hold out hope that all of the old rules regarding life under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) need no longer apply. Some suggested a Chinese Spring, a companion to the Arab Spring, was beginning to stir in the waning days of autumn in southernmost China.

The crisis came to a head in the third week of December. Wukan had planned a mass march of thousands of villagers that would break the blockade of the security forces and end with a protest outside the municipal building of Lufeng City. If the villagers’ three demands were met, they promised to cancel the march and protest.

The demands were, first, to release the arrested villagers; second, to return the body of Xue Jinbo; and third, to recognize the villagers’ elected temporary village committee.

Xue Jinbo had been the village’s freely elected representative. He was taken away by the local police and died two days later in the local police station. His family was allowed to see the body but not take it away. They described a corpse disfigured by torture.

The local authorities denied the accusation but refused to return Xue’s body to his family.

The CCP has never negotiated with the Chinese people since it took power in 1949.

However, an agreement was reached on Dec. 20 between Lin Zuluan, the representative of the villagers, and Zhu Mingguo, the vice secretary of CCP Committee of Guangdong Province, that seemed to justify the optimism Wukan had inspired. Both sides seemed satisfied with the results.

The Internet censorship on the subject of Wukan was lifted, and the official media started to praise the Guangdong authorities’ wisdom in solving such a difficult issue. As usual, a few low-level officials were blamed for the misconduct. The Party and the provincial officials were portrayed as the good guys. And all of the villagers’ demands were said to have been met.

Collecting the Debt

Most Chinese people didn’t believe the whole situation would end like that so easily. The CCP has never negotiated with the Chinese people since it took power in 1949, not with any individual, not with any organization.

Once or twice, a single top leader has discussed matters with the other side, as when Li Peng, then the premier, met with the student representatives in 1989 before the Tiananmen Square massacre, or Zhu Rongji, also premier at the time, met with the Falun Gong practitioners on April 25, 1999, before the persecution of Falun Gong began.

But Li Peng didn’t make any promise during the meeting. Zhu Rongji agreed to the demands of the Falun Gong practitioners, but Jiang Zemin, then the head of the CCP, broke Zhu’s promise. In both cases, the meetings were followed by the retaliations ordered by the highest authority.

Every Chinese knows that the Party always retaliates against whomever it considers as a challenge or a threat. In Chinese, this kind of retaliation is called “collecting the debt after the autumn harvest.”

New Village Committee

What the villagers and activists worried about is happening now. The first step the Party is taking is to replace the elected temporary village committee with a CCP-trusted, formal village committee.

The Wukan Working Group, sent by the CCP Guangdong Committee (not the Guangdong government), announced 130 candidates for the next village committee election. Since Zhu Mingguo admitted that the temporary village committee is legitimate, there seems to be no need to have another election.

One of the villagers, Mr. Xie, told The Epoch Times that the villagers don’t recognize the candidates on the list. He said Wukan’s 100-plus Party members, many of whom are on the list of candidates, are mostly the men of the corrupt, old Party secretary who had run the village. How many of them are clean?

Once this new committee of the Party forms, how will it interact with the real, elected temporary committee? Will it gradually disintegrate the elected committee? Will there be self-rule by the villagers anymore?

In any case, the villagers fear what the Party may do. Li Zhen, over 60 years old, had a mental breakdown earlier when armed police entered the village to arrest the villagers. After the crisis was over, he, as well as many other villagers, received harassing and threatening phone calls from the Party and government officials. Under the impression that the donation he made to the temporary village committee, when Wukan was under siege, could cause him trouble, he killed himself on Dec. 29.

In the meantime, Xue Jinbo’s body still hasn’t been returned. The authorities insisted that Xue’s family sign a paper stating that Xue died of a heart attack. After that, compensation would be no problem. The family refused.

Intention to Retaliate

Actually, the Guangdong CCP Committee has not tried to hide its intention to retaliate. One day before meeting with the village representative Lin Zuluan, the Guangdong CCP Vice Secretary Zhu Mingguo gave a speech at Lufeng City’s gathering of the cadres.

His speech is posted on the Shantou Party and Government Information Network, the government’s official website.

It has six major points. Point 2 states: “Most people’s overreaction is understandable and forgivable; the Party and the government won’t hold them responsible. Whoever was involved in the vandalism can be extricated as long as he shows that he is repentant.”

But the authorities had earlier admitted that the whole protest was caused by the corruption and wrongdoing of the local officials. How could the Party and government “understand” and “forgive” the people for the officials’ wrongdoing?

Point 4 states that “the government promises that as long as the villagers no longer commit crimes, no longer organize activities to confront the government, are no longer used by hostile powers both at home and abroad, [the government] will not enter the village to arrest people.”

This point, which seems to promise the safety of the villagers, in fact reads more like a threat. It charges the villagers with a crime they have never committed: There was no “hostile power” the whole time, either domestic or foreign.

Point 6 targets the two organizers of the protests. It demands that Lin Zuluan and Yang Semao must do something to show their real regret and surrender themselves to the authorities. If they do so, the government will consider leniency and not arrest them. This is a presumption of guilt by the Party, not even by a court.

There were only six points in Zhu’s speech, and three of them, points 2, 4, and 6, were about “collecting the debt after the autumn harvest.”

The next day, when two newspapers reported the speech, point 6 was taken out, and the whole tone was much softened. But the message was clear.

Shattering Myths

What has angered the Party so much is not the protest. Similar protests happen almost everyday in China against corruption, the forced seizure of land, and the demolition of houses.

Wukan was the first real self-ruled village since the CCP took power in 1949.

What’s unique about Wukan is that the villagers ousted the Party secretary and the whole village committee that represents the communists’ power. They then elected their own temporary committee.

The temporary committee ran the village for three months. For those three months, Wukan was the first real self-ruled village since the CCP took power in 1949. The significance of this event has not been recognized by many people.

One of the myths that the CCP has created is that without it, China will fall into chaos, wars, famines, and so on.

When the "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" came out in 2004 and the movement of the Chinese people renouncing any affiliation with the CCP started, some people—and not just Chinese—were worried and raised the question: What would happen if the CCP were gone? Some even claimed that Chinese people don’t have the qualities necessary for them to enjoy democracy and freedom.

The event at Wukan should put a stop to this talk. Wukan villagers proved that the Chinese people could live a better life without CCP. They have enough wisdom to manage their own lives as long as the Party is out. This is what scares the Party the most and this is one of the most important lessons we have learned.

On Dec. 27, villagers in neighboring Fujian Province protested on the streets for their lost land. One of the banners they carried reads “Learn from Wukan.”

[END]

Throughout its long history, its presence has been felt not only by its neighbors but also as a source of trade and wonderment for its contemporaries in far off Europe. Inspiring many adventurous merchants and later armies to seek trade and conduct business with its vast economy. It was trading partners to Rome and India in ancient times, establishing what is known as the Silk Road. It continued to prosper, even after the fall of Rome, and Europe languished in the Dark Ages, reaching what could arguably be its zenith thus far, in the 15th century. seslichat With "treasure ships", reaching a length rumored to be of 400 feet long, and containing naval technology that would not be repeated by the rest of the world for years to come. China established trade routes to as far away as Africa, and engaged in power diplomacy towards its neighbors.