A Tale of Two Diasporas

Iraqi exiles were gung-ho to overthrow Saddam. So why are Iranian-Americans so keen on dialogue with the mullahs who rule Iran?

BY REZA MARASHI | JANUARY 19, 2012

An eerily familiar drumbeat of war is intensifying across Washington, just as the United States ends its decade-long adventure in Iraq. The ghosts of America's neoconservative past have dusted off their Iraq playbook to make the case for war with Iran. Their formula is simple but effective: Portray the Iranian government and its nuclear program as existential threats, insist that a chain of catastrophic events will result from inaction, and minimize the costs and risks of war.

If one looks back, however, neoconservative officials in the U.S. government weren't alone in their push for war with Iraq. A crucial aspect of selling the war to the U.S. public was support within the Iraqi-American community. Iraqi dissidents living abroad, such as Ahmed Chalabi and Kanan Makiya, as well as supposed whistle-blowers turned known fabricators like the infamous "Curveball," led a contingent of vocal Iraqis who pushed for steadily more aggressive actions to topple Saddam Hussein's regime. Their promise that the invasion would be a cakewalk and that U.S. soldiers would be greeted with flowers and candy didn't quite pan out. Now, the fruits of their labor are clear for all to see -- a broken country, devastated by war and sectarian strife, with no discernible end in sight.

Iranian-Americans, in stark contrast with the Iraqi diaspora, have largely opposed a rush to war. This is a fact that I have observed up close, while working in the State Department's Office of Iranian Affairs and now at the National Iranian American Council, where I maintain close and continuing contact with Iranian-Americans to ensure we accurately represent their views. Together, these two vantage points have crystallized one key takeaway: Iranian-Americans deeply resent the Iranian regime, but prefer U.S. policies that emphasize engagement and de-escalation.

Why have Iraqis and Iranians living abroad reached such drastically different conclusions? For more than three decades, the Iranian-American community has grappled with the paradox of wanting to make Iran a better place -- but fearing success as much as defeat. Some worry that contributing to positive changes inside Iran will only strengthen a draconian system, extending its lease on life.

For many Iranian-Americans, this dilemma was resolved by their disastrous historical experience with revolutionary upheaval. Rather than laying the groundwork for democracy, Iran's 1979 revolution simply replaced one dictatorship with another. As a result, Iranian-Americans strongly prefer to use the rule of law to alter not only the Iranian government's behavior, but also the thinking of Iranians inside Iran.

Spencer Platt/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS: IRAN, ARAB WORLD
 

Reza Marashi is director of research at the National Iranian American Council.

TARQUINIS

11:59 AM ET

January 19, 2012

Good Analysis

To all posters that really have little knowledge of what is going on in Iran, and are not just Zionists pumping for a THIRD and even more catastrophic war, a few comments.

My wife is Iranian and an American citizen. I have had two extended trips to Iran in recent years, and have been all around the country. As an obvious American, I was received everywhere with courtesy, respect, and civility. Iran is changing very fast. It has a large and growing, educated and westernized economic class, more women than men have advanced university degrees as architects, educators, attorneys, and they drive and vote. Iran has a major underground of artists, intellectuals and literati (what we would call liberals), young people clued into all the latest western fashions and music. ALL are sick and tired of the present theocratic Mullah dominated state.

If they are attacked, it is true that they can easily close the Straights of Hormuz via small ship actions, mining, and missile strikes. They do not need to defeat or sink the American navy to do this.

Insurance rates on tanker traffic would do the job very nicely. 30% of all the world's petroleum transits this narrow passage. A new war with petroleum price spikes to who knows what, would collapse the fragile American economy, not to mention the whole world economy, like a house of cards. China would NOT be pleased.

Regarding the most recent IAEA report, I have taken reasonable efforts to look at it. It does NOT maintain that Iran has diverted any enriched uranium from its constant 24/7 inspection, NOR does it maintain that any material has been enriched beyond the 20% level necessary for medical imaging isotopes. Most posters may know that enrichment to over 95% is necessary for weaponization purposes. The radiological signature of such enrichment is actually quite easy to detect, if it occurs.

The IAEA report DOES mount political attacks that Iran may have the capability to do something in the future that to date, they have not done. "Might" "could" and "maybe" are not reasons for another disastrous preventive war.

Recently, we have seen the splitting of the conservative factions that to date have formed the backbone of the IRI. The current elected president (Ahmadinejad) is in increasing and active conflict with the Guardian Council, being the core of the Mullah leadership of the state. Even elements of the Revolutionary Guards have grown greatly disillusioned with the thuggish clampdown on protesters.

My father in law says, leave them alone. Do not provoke a new war that would result in vast chaos worldwide, geopolitical, economic, and military.

I hope no one takes this as an apology for the regime. If we had not overthrown the Iranian democracy in 1953 via the CIA’s Operation Ajax, which put the hated Shah back on the throne for several decades (he had been expelled at that time), none of this would have happened.

Let us not compound historic mistakes by making a far greater one now.

 

SANDHAWK

2:55 PM ET

January 19, 2012

About those "liberals"....

I'm not sure if a tantrum being thrown by children of the urban minority constitutes a real uprising... From what I have seen and heard, they still have their weekly "Death to America" chants in front of the (unlawfully) seized US Embassy in Tehran... Still want Israel to go away... Still want what they mistake as a means to international respect (a nuclear program, possibly weaponized)... Still don't think there was anything wrong with illegally seizing an Embassy (US or not).

Really, if I were in charge of US policy toward Iran, I would let them rot. And then when they finally fell apart, I would make sure that the Russians set up shop for several generations. (I agree that the US should not attack... It should ignore them.)

Heh. Everyone thinks the US is so bad...They can try a couple of alternatives until they are become a part of Russia or China.

 

ANYA KHAN

10:29 AM ET

January 20, 2012

I don't know if you are a

I don't know if you are a lunatic or a liar...or both. You should both stay in Iran since the free world scares you.

 

ANYA KHAN

10:29 AM ET

January 20, 2012

I don't know if you are a

I don't know if you are a lunatic or a liar...or both. You should both stay in Iran since the free world scares you.

 

GRANT

12:07 PM ET

January 19, 2012

Unfortunately that presumes

Unfortunately that presumes that sincere offers of peace will be met in kind. Humans are not omniscient creatures capable of perfectly understanding each other. They are limited to their own minds and forced to rely on history to guide them. History suggests that the U.S will look for ways* to topple the Iranian government and also that the Iranian government will use force** to remain in power. Additionally there is no guarantee at all that if one side does show an interest in compromise the other will not see it as a victory and go to even greater demands.

*By which I mean revolution, coup, war etc.
** By which I mean murder, torture, a judiciary created for the purpose of giving convictions etc.

 

NOAH172

1:01 PM ET

January 19, 2012

Persian Jews

From what I have heard, a large proportion of the Iranian diaspora in the US (particularly in Beverly Hills and its environs) is Jewish. How do these Persian (Mizrahi) Jews see the matter of Iran's nuclear program? Do they take the same hardline positions as American Ashkenazim? Or do they fear that a war with Iran would endanger the 20-30 thousand Jews still in that country? I'm curious.

 

SPOOD

1:56 PM ET

January 19, 2012

If one wants to ensure regime change in Iran..

All we have to do is a couple of things:

1. Stop taking the regime's bait when it comes to their phony nuclear program. The Mullahs are trying to provoke a conflict in order to shore up its support domestically. A cold war footing with them should be enough to blunt those efforts

2. Let demographics take its course. The majority of the Iranian population are those born after the Islamic Revolution. Islamicism is not the newfangled ideology there as it is in the rest of the region. It is the old guard. The ideals of the parents and grandparents. In a generation, they will be the ones in control of the country. They are already dissatisfied with the government they grew up under.

All we have to do is bide our time.

 

ANYA KHAN

10:30 AM ET

January 20, 2012

Where did you hear this

Where did you hear this nonsense? Or did you just make it up?

 

SPOOD

2:41 PM ET

January 20, 2012

Its called the news

You mean to tell me CNN was making it up when they were reporting how the Iranian government tried to stop news reports of last year's protests?
http://www.politicolnews.com/protesters-speak-out-in-iran/

Iran has been intentionally trying to ignite a pointless conflict with its nuclear program. They are acting in ways to invite skepticism as to their motives and making deliberately provocative actions. Just shy of outright belligerence but designed to elicit a response.

 

PAYKISBILL

3:07 PM ET

January 19, 2012

Author's premise is not correct

Although the focus of the article to demonstrate the Iranian diaspora's resistance to war is commendable, the premise around this diaspora's desire to change the 'system' is not well founded. The Iranian diaspora, for the most part, is like the Cuban diaspora--those that left for various not so noble reasons--many losing ill-gained fortunes to the revolutionary government. Regardless, their desires are rarely relevant in 'changing' a system they are no longer a part of.

On the other hand, the current Iranian government enjoys significant and MAJORITY support of the internal population (unlike Iraq under the brutality of once Amrican-backed Saddam). This is not to say the Iranian government can't do better because it can under normal circumstance and it WILL under normal circumstances. The Iranian government is correctly behaving and taking action under threatening national security conditions emanating from the West. This simple fact may have been lost in the author's analysis, although I'm sure he means well. But it is crucial and more powerful in explaining the outcomes of a possible war and preventing it.

 

SPOOD

5:04 PM ET

January 19, 2012

That explains it!

The regime has such majority support that they had to shut down all forms of telecommunications for several days just to keep the lid on some rather large public protests. After all they had nothing to worry about. Public dissent is freely acknowledged and treated with respect in Iran as a normal form of political discourse.

The Iranian government is intentionally goading the West into a conflict. It is intentionally acting in a way to invite skepticism of their seemingly, but not at all, benign activities.

 

TIMING

3:46 PM ET

January 19, 2012

horrible article with poor assumptions

no one is looking to invade iran..there will be no boots on the ground. The nuke sites will be taken down from the air.

He also assumes that change will come although when he doesnt say and if it comes before nukes he also doesnt say....do expats want change? some, yes. Do they see the nuke program shutting down even if the govt changes? he doesnt say....

all he does or wants to do is assign lables and blame to "neoconservatives" ....ooooooh, those dark sinister folks.....

OVERALL? A very shoddy article.

 

MAD88

5:11 PM ET

January 19, 2012

Everyone thinks the US is so

Everyone thinks the US is so bad...They can try a couple of alternatives until they are become a part of Russia or China.

regards!
Filme Noi

 

NALTIKRITI

10:13 AM ET

January 20, 2012

You don't speak for Iraqi-Americans

The whole opening thesis is false, and I frankly resent my community being characterized as in support of the 2003 invasion. I was among tens of thousands of diaspora Iraqis who marched against the invasion in 2002, and among a couple of dozen who marched against the invasion in New Orleans in early 2003. Just because the DC establishment at the time was able to find some prominent diaspora Iraqis to support their invasion doesn't in fact mean that Iraqi-Americans were in consensus agreement supporting the invasion. Not by a long shot.

While one might accept the thesis that Iranian-Americans have learned from the disaster that came out of 2003 (Who hasn't? Oh right, Neo-cons), it is wholly inaccurate to paint the Iraqi-American community as in support of that invasion back then. And one more point -- don't think the Iranian-American community doesn't have its own share of Chalabis and Makiyas. They're out there, they're ready to feed on their fellow Iranians, and they can be trotted out just as easily should DC decide to call on them.

 

JAYLARTEY

2:09 PM ET

January 21, 2012

Iraqi over the world

I don't know if you are a lunatic or a liar...or both. You should both stay in Iran since the free world scares you. freedom of speech my friend trust me!!!!

job search blog

 

ALI MANN

12:57 PM ET

February 16, 2012

We have seen the splitting of

We have seen the splitting of the conservative factions that to date have formed the backbone of the IRI. The current elected president (Ahmadinejad) is in increasing bwin bonus and active conflict with the Guardian Council, being the core of the Mullah leadership of the state. Even elements of the Revolutionary Guards have grown greatly disillusioned with the thuggish clampdown on protesters.My father in law says, leave them alone. Do not provoke a new war that would result in vast chaos worldwide, geopolitical, economic, and military. The Iranian government is correctly behaving and taking bwin action under threatening national security conditions emanating from the West. This simple fact may have been lost in the author's analysis, although I'm sure he means well. But it is crucial and more powerful in explaining the outcomes of a possible war and preventing it.