10 Things You Didn't Know About Drones

When drones were created, how they're used, and what their future looks like.

BY MICAH ZENKO | MARCH/APRIL 2012

6. Most military drones don't bomb.
Although decapitation strikes may get all the headlines, the vast majority of the time, drones are used for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance -- what the military calls ISR. The U.S. Navy's first high-altitude drone can relay black-and-white photos covering roughly half the Persian Gulf; the Global Hawk's advanced radars make detailed images of the Earth and attempt to sniff out chemical or biological agents for telltale signs of weapons of mass destruction. Soon, the Gorgon Stare drone will "be looking at a whole city, so there will be no way for the adversary to know what we're looking at, and we can see everything," according to Maj. Gen. James O. Poss.

7. Attack drones require more boots on the ground.
Most unmanned aircraft flown by the U.S. military require not just a ground-based "pilot," but also a platoon of surveillance analysts (approximately 19 per drone), sensor operators, and a maintenance crew. Some 168 people are required to keep a Predator drone aloft -- and 180 for its larger cousin, the Reaper -- compared with roughly 100 people for an F-16 fighter jet. To keep up with the demand, the Air Force has trained more drone operators than pilots for the past two years. The upside is that, according to the Congressional Budget Office, drones "are usually less expensive than manned aircraft" ($15 million for a Global Hawk versus about $55 million for a new F-16), though costly sensors and excessive crashes can negate the difference.

Uriel Sinai/Getty Images
Iran's Revolutionary Guard website via EPA
Ethan Miller/Getty Images
George Rolhmaller/U.S. Air Force via Getty Images

 

Micah Zenko is fellow for conflict prevention at the Council on Foreign Relations, where he writes the blog Politics, Power, and Preventive Action.

CDSABRA4

12:06 AM ET

February 27, 2012

Interesting

While the article's header shows a picture of the IDF's portable drones, no mention is made of Israeli drone technology in the article.

 

AMERICAROCKS

1:11 AM ET

February 28, 2012

Screw Israel

Why would we want to read about terrorist Israel? They steal Palestinian land.

 

ZAYIFLAMA

7:53 AM ET

February 29, 2012

Zay?flama

Günümüzün en iyi zay?flatan ürünü olan Lida ile sizlerde fazla kilolar?n?zdan k?sa zamanda kurtulacaks?n?z.
Lida zay?flama hap? içeri?inde bulundurdu?u bitki özleri sayesinde fazla kilolar?n?zdan sizleri kurtar?rken ideal bir vücuda sahip olman?z? da sa?l?yor.
Üstelik Lida bunu en k?sa sürede ba?arabilmekte olup, herhangi bir yan etkisi de bulunmamaktad?r.
Ya? yakma özelli?ine sahip Lida ile ya?lar?n?z? kolayca yakarken, formda kalman?zda da yard?mc? olacakt?r.
Hemen hemen herkesin kullanabildi?i Lida zay?flama haplar?n? sizde rahatl?kla kullanabilirsiniz.
1 ay da bünyeye ba?l? olarak Lida dört ila on iki kilo verdirmektedir.
Fazla kilo ve ya?lardan kurtulmak ve formda kalmak için sizde Lida zay?flama haplar?n? kullan?n?z.

 

BUGGERME

12:51 AM ET

March 2, 2012

I agree with you. The article

I agree with you. The article is great otherwise. Love it. - Geeknaut

 

JOHNBOY4546

12:58 AM ET

February 27, 2012

You know, I look at those things, and I think to myself....

....that those drones would last about, ohhh, 5 minutes in a war against an opponent that can shoot back.

I mean, just look at 'em: if you fought the Battle of Britain with those things then the Spitfires and the Hurricanes would still have won, because even 60-year old piston engined fighters would make mincemeat out of them.

 

STRIVER

11:38 AM ET

February 27, 2012

Too many men...

....required to keep the drones in the air, '168 for a Predator and 180 for a Reaper'. Not cost-effective at all but does create jobs and on the other hand it helps in reducing the population of 'dark skinned uncivilsed heathens' out to destray 'the modern western civilisation.'

What's more important jobs or a few dead 'scums of the earth?' Who decides?

 

MARTIAL

5:01 PM ET

February 27, 2012

H, but there exist many peaceful benefits.

The possibilities are almost limitless. Who knows? Perhaps we can get the blasted things to transport animals & eventually, once safety is fully established, even people. At a minimum, Federal Express could be put out of business.

 

ALANCHRISTOPHER

5:15 PM ET

February 27, 2012

The Value of Drones

We should think about the marketing potential for drones and missiles.

Be the first family on your block to be the only family on your block!
Never worry about your annoying neighbors again, but get them before they get you!

With our armed Global Hawk package, you can wage war against the country of your choice from the comfort and convenience of your living room!

Based on some of the comments by the readers of Foreign Policy, this could be a profitable enterprise. That is the first scary thought of the week.

 

MARTIAL

12:14 AM ET

February 28, 2012

No Need for a Drone.

Just want a dozen TOW missiles.

 

DGAFDSA

11:17 PM ET

February 27, 2012

10 things websites should stop doing

Hey Foreign Policy, isn't it a bit pathetic to make us click 4x to read content that could easily be put on one page? Are you really that desperate for ad money?

 

JHAPPEL

11:26 PM ET

February 27, 2012

Skynet?

Skynet?

 

AMERICAROCKS

1:15 AM ET

February 28, 2012

Come with me if you vant to live!

Come with me if you vant to live!

 

TRUTHBETOLD

11:36 AM ET

February 28, 2012

Ambassador of Death

I like how Iran named it's Drone the Ambassador of Death carrying the message of peace and friendship !

Drones have become the weapon of choice because of the secrecy involved. They may or may not actually kill any evil person, no one knows. they might actually kill nothing more than Cows or worse Innocent people, but again, no one actually knows as you know, we can't confirm nor deny the existence of such a program.

 

JTREVITH

2:38 PM ET

February 28, 2012

Armed drones were NOT created to get Bin Laden

I corrected Tom Ricks on this point last year and its sad to see it repeated. The first armed drones were developed by the Navy to hunt submarines and further experiments were conducted by ARPA (now DAPRA) to conduct strike missions in Southeast Asia. The USAF further experimented with armed drones in mid-late 1970s before they lost interest in it because of their institutional preference for manned systems.

See more here: http://ricks.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/07/08/armed_drones_are_far_older_than_tom_thinks_a_short_history_of_the_uav_4_u

Also, seeing as the AV-optimized AGM-114P HELLFIRE is roughly the same size as other HELLFIREs and the MQ-1 was not dramatically redesigned to carry it, I find the suggestion that the USAF was struggling with that to be hard to believe. I think its safer to say that a high-altitude variant of the HELLFIRE missile had to be developed to prevent the drone from having to sacrifice this advantage when striking a target.

 

WEMBLEY

10:00 AM ET

February 29, 2012

Armed drones date back much further than that

The US had armed drones in WWII, and in fact there were some crude versions as far back as WWI - and arguably earlier.

 

JTREVITH

11:48 AM ET

February 29, 2012

BQ-7 and -8 more missiles than drones

If you're talking about things like the BQ-7 and BQ-8, then I think these are closer to early cruise missile developments than early armed drones. The vehicles, while remotely piloted, where not intended to launch weapons or be recovered. They were developed as an alternative to other crude early missile designs in no small part because of the lack of US technological expertise in missiles and rocketry at the time. The US was far better at building planes.

 

JBGODZILLA

12:45 PM ET

February 29, 2012

You are correct. US Aerobee drone was used in Vietnam

but for whatever reasons, the US let the technology linger after the war, as it did with many other technologies. In the 1973 Yom Kippur war, the Israelis initially lost a lot planes at the outset to Egyptian SAM-2 s and SAM-6's. They then used the Aerobees they had acquired earlier from the US to great effect. From that point until 2001, Israel took the leadership in drone technologies, and 1982 used their own in a really unique and unimaginable way to decimate the Syrian air force. They massed their own Pioneer drones in large formations forcing the Syrians to turn on their radars. Then the following Israeli F-16s quickly locked on those radars and shot missiles into them to destroy them. That blinded the Syrian air force and they lost 100 planes to 0 on Israel's side that day.

In the 1991 Gulf War the US had no drones to speak of and "borrowed" many from Israel, and they could see large numbers of Iraqi troops holding up their hands to surrender to the drones! Israel today is still a technological leader in UAV's but the US probably has taken back the leadership mantle due to all of the experience it has gained in Afghanistan, Pakistan and elsewhere with them.

One thing for sure, UAV's and the UCAV's coming soon have already changed the nature of warfare as did the Blitzkrieg and the use of aircraft carriers in WWII. I suspect that manned aircraft will be going the of the old battle wagons of yore, making way for smart missiles and armed UCAV's.

 

SEOSEMLT

4:04 PM ET

February 28, 2012

Good

Our police in Lithuania started to use some kind of these drones. Very good stuff, esspecialy during crowded event, for surveilance. Advokatas

 

LANDRUMKELLY

8:35 AM ET

February 29, 2012

Terror by another name?

So, in what moral way are these different from Hitler's V-1?

Will Obama have established himself as the Terrorist in Chief? Will his enduring legacy be Health Care of Drone Warfare?

The cumulative number of casualties from these things surely far exceeds those lost in the World Trade Center attacks.

If Clinton used these to go after Bin Laden but got lots of civilians instead, then who were the original aggressors in the business of flying things into things--and people?

Landrum Kelly

 

MSIEVING

9:56 AM ET

February 29, 2012

In what moral way are drones

In what moral way are drones similar to the V-1? The V-1 was a cruise missle with a high explosive warhead and an accuracy sufficient to usually land somewhere within the limits of a large city. Drones are unmanned aircraft that can carry a variety or ordnance, or no ordnance, depending on the mission. Accuracy of the ordnance carried seems to be similar to or better than that of manned aircraft.

On what do you base your certainty that the number of casualties from drone attacks exceeds those from the World Trade Center attacks?

Clinton did not use drones to attack bin Laden. Clinton considered using cruise missles, not drones, to attack bin Laden, but rejected that because of the risk of civilian casualties.

 

JBGODZILLA

12:55 PM ET

February 29, 2012

The difference between today's drones and the Vengeance -1

The V-1 was an inaccurate tool of terror bombing of civilian targets whereas today's armed UAV's make use of relatively precise, laser guided rockets and bombs. If there are civilian casualties, it is mainly because these terrorists purposely live and keep their arms at home with their families in the midst of densely populated civilian areas, thereby violating the Laws of War which specify that armed combatants must wear distinctive uniforms and keep arms and installations at a distance from civilians.

 

DITTYGIRL

11:12 AM ET

February 29, 2012

Humans are expensive. Humans

Humans are expensive. Humans need statafels huren
and to eat and sometimes they get sick.

 

RETIREDGEEK

3:18 AM ET

March 1, 2012

Air Space Sovereignty

It seems we fly our drones with impunity over other nations. But would we let China, Russia or any other nation fly their future drones in US airspace? I suspect we would object vigorously.

It seems unclear what international laws allows versus a given nation's sovereignty.

 

KAMATH

8:41 AM ET

March 1, 2012

In praise of Drone Technology

I can't think of a better technology than weapon system that uses drones. Marvellous- Good heavens it is engineers' master piece. The wonderful end use is, it can eliminate the enemy on the fround with it's pin-point surgical strikes with very little co-lateral damage.

In its place what do its critics want- bows and arrows?

 

GYPSYSNIPE

1:13 PM ET

March 1, 2012

Drones

Obama did wat GWB didn't have the guts, or interest to do. We could cross the border almost anywhere, but having a drone over a target saves lives on both sides. Mainly the US/UK side. This war is evolving into a counter terror mission, as the ANA, ANP are mostly a joke. We leave, talibs come back, they will turn. AQ is dispersed, and the ones alive are running or hiding. Keep firing those Hellfires its working.

 

STOURBRIDGEHARRY

2:10 PM ET

March 2, 2012

Clinton's conscience

Strange that Clinton discovered his principles long enough to stop the indiscrimiate use of force on a largely civilian population in the same year he ignored the advice of his General Staff and obliterated the Al-Shifa pharameceutical factory in Khartoum. I realise this article is concerned with the development and use of drones rather than cruise missiles, but you just can't leave out the breathtaking hypocrisy of Clinton's policy of restraint!

 

GOMER_RS

6:32 PM ET

March 20, 2012

Cause and Affect

Maybe it was getting it wrong about the Pharma plant that caused the change in policy.

All educations have a price, some are just more expensive than others.

 

THUSALWAYSTOGENIUS

12:11 AM ET

March 12, 2012

Ambassador of Death: Attack of the Drones

In our world and our time, Drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), which were experimentally manufactured in 1916, were first armed in order to attempt to kill Osama bin Laden.

They were and still are proven to be unreliable due to the fact that their target abilities are far from surgical precision, they are unstable when flying in less than perfect weather and they crash very often. In addition, loss of communication with these drones is one of the many technical issues that lead to their sub par performance. After consideration, President Clinton decided to shut down the project.

Later on, Bush reopened the project, refinanced it and made used of these drones 44 times, despite the acknowledgement of the performance reports. The attacks evidently lead to casualties; bodies were often hidden and buried by troops on the ground.

However, for now, most drones aren’t exploited for military purpose. They are mostly used for surveillance, reconnaissance, news reporting, border patrolling, intelligence and inspection.

As such, most industrialized countries such as China, France, United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, India, Canada, Australia, Pakistan, Japan and Brazil do “harvest” drones. Some of the super drones have even been baptized. Israel named theirs Heron; the United States upgraded their Predator with the Avenger; and, last but not least, Iran named theirs Karrar, which is Farsi for Striker. President Ahmadinejad infamously nicknamed his Persian Menace: the Ambassador of Death.

Episode X : The Persian Menace

Do not let the Ambassador of Death mislead you into being alarmed. The Ambassador of Death is not Darth Vader’s vehicle of choice. This drone is intended for, and I quote: “Peace and Friendship“. Logically, why should we be nervous over Iran since they have not initiated any attack towards any other country in over 200 years? And yes, the Persian Gulf War has been taken in consideration when making that statement.

That being said, it evidently is not the case when shifting our attention towards the previously mentioned pro-drone countries. Over 239 drone strikes were ordered under the Obama administration. Many of these attacks were carried out against the advice of U.S. Officials and Diplomats. In fact, that tendency has led the Obama Administration of being responsible for at least 85% of drone strikes around the world, particularly in Pakistan.

This is the same Obama that won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009. Even then, his addition seems unsuited and undeserved, when one remembers past laureates.

As mentioned in a previous article of mine, the five countries (United Kingdom, United States, France, Russia and China) that have secured permanent United Nation seats are also the top global arm dealers. These same countries have been accusing Iran of secretly building nuclear weapons and pressuring them to halt their nuclear program.

It is important to understand or remember that the U.S. did not only assist but also coordinated the launch of the Iranian Nuclear Program in the 50s. This program was maintained for decades, until the 1979 revolution.
This support was even symbolized and categorized as the “Atoms for Peace” Program, implemented in 1953 by Eisenhower. Let’s acknowledge that a program would not be complete without an appropriate inaugural speech. And where else but at the United Nation General Assembly can a prestigious one take place? In this case, the cleverly named “Atoms for Peace” speech quickly followed Eisenhower’s “Chance for Peace” speech.

All this backing did result in the inception of Iran’s first nuclear power plant, which was completed and activated thanks to Russian assistance, in 2011.
The irony! The Atoms for Peace Program’s main principle was to reassure the world during the Cold War (between 1945 and 1991). Sarcastically, the Russians presided over its closing ceremony.

As a counter attack, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) board, nations and multinational entities officially reprimanded and sanctioned Iran. This judgment was internationally supported by detailed tangible and evidence. The Iranian authorities, or should I say THE Iranian Authority, Ayatollah Seyed Ali Hosseini khamenei, has not yet been successfully coerced by the international pressure. The U.N. inspectors can come and go as often as necessary, it’s all in good faith, from both parties.

Remember, it’s a ll about Peace and Friendship.

“Look up in the sky, it’s a bird, it’s a plane… No, it’s a drone!”

The Empire Will Strike Back. It is just a question on which Empire will strike first.

Guess who’s building nuclear power plants now?

READ MORE AT : THUSALWAYSTOGENIUS