100 Million Viewers Can't Be Wrong

How Kony 2012 succeeded beyond our wildest expectations.

BY ADAM FINCK | MARCH 16, 2012

While Kony 2012 was being released, I was working with Invisible Children staff and community leaders in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on civilian protection initiatives. I was astonished to see the view count climb into the millions. None of us expected that a 29-minute film about Joseph Kony would go viral -- or that the backlash would include criticisms that Invisible Children was unaware of the current location of his Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), when, in fact, our work has extended into currently affected regions of central Africa over the last two years.

What was perhaps most surprising to see in the wake of Kony 2012 was the misperception that the LRA are still in Uganda. Kony 2012 does portray the LRA's movement away from Uganda into the DRC, the Central African Republic (CAR), and South Sudan (minute 15:01), and a quick look at the LRA Crisis Tracker leaves no doubt about the LRA's current area of operation. Yet somehow the message in the film fell short of getting the point across. Perhaps it was due to the focus on a young Ugandan who was affected by the conflict, or perhaps it is driven by the unfortunate fact that only 20 percent of viewers actually watched the entire film, and the rest may have missed a few crucial details.

There has been much discussion about the video's impact in the days since Kony 2012 launched, but unfortunately almost none of the opinions have come from the three countries currently affected by the LRA. The insight of local leaders in the DRC, the CAR, and South Sudan has been largely excluded from the broader conversation, as has their viewpoint on the apprehension of LRA leadership in 2012, and it is clear that the discussion needs to expand.

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Kony 2012 is undoubtedly simplified. It is, after all, a short film geared toward high school and college students. It was also designed for the Internet, where attention spans are notoriously short. But the backlash criticizing the film for being oversimplified misses the point -- Kony and his top commanders are still committing atrocities today in central Africa with impunity, and international efforts to stop him have not succeeded.

Delving deeper into the issue quickly reveals its complexity. The LRA have become masters of evasion and survival, eluding regional forces by weaving between country borders and veiling their tracks among those of nomadic herders. They are much smaller in number than they were a decade ago, and yet the atrocities they commit against the civilian population remain devastating. Since 2008, the LRA has abducted more than 3,400 civilians, killed more than 2,400 others, and displaced more than 400,000 people from their homes. The history of the conflict is complex, and the solutions require a multifaceted response from an array of humanitarian and security actors. A 29-minute Internet video will inevitably fall short of addressing these nuances.

What is not complex, and what the film appropriately simplifies, is the morality of the issue. For 26 years, Kony has perpetrated some of the most egregious human rights abuses on the planet, with total impunity. This idea justly demands the world's attention, and in the simplicity of Kony 2012, the film has garnered just that. The film is a gateway to learning more about the conflict, its background, and involvement in broader social issues around the world.

In their rush to point out Invisible Children's oversimplification of the LRA, the critics made an error -- an oversimplification of Invisible Children itself.

TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images

 

Adam Finck is director of programs at Invisible Children. He spent two years living in post-conflict northern Uganda and, more recently, two years working with local partners in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic on the expansion of community-led civilian protection and rehabilitation initiatives. Follow him on Twitter @adamfinck.

DANADAMS

5:07 PM ET

March 16, 2012

Of course it was a success.

Of course it was a success. But so is American idol.

 

GROSVENOR

6:33 PM ET

March 16, 2012

I want to like this movement...

Perhaps 30-90 seconds of the 29 minute video could have been devoted to briefly admitting that the solution to the Kony problem was going to be complicated.

Many people watched the video and felt moved and motivated. When they read the many critique articles, they likely felt a little betrayed that the video had oversimplified the issue.

I think simplification is a great tool, but what has many people upset is the oversimplification.

This being said, from all I can tell the capture of Kony is still a worthwhile endeavor so far as the efforts to do so don't result in new, more complicated problems.

 

WICKBAM

8:10 PM ET

March 16, 2012

well

screaming and masturbating in an intersection in broad day light probably won't help this cause.

 

C.ROLLER

9:23 PM ET

March 16, 2012

Not as morally obvious as you seem to believe

Do you really believe that high school and college students would educate themselves further into the issue? Assuming that they did, they would go to surface level information sources like Wikipedia or to a media that knows about as much about the situation as they do. The average person that you targetted would not go to an indepth source like an international studies think tank or a similar academic resource where they would have learned something. Instead, they are getting the same basic information that the video gave them: "Nasty man in Africa abducts kids, murders innocents." My friends were surprised when I told them that the LRA evolved out of remnants of the previous regime or that the placing of refugee camps around military outposts made civilians into meat shields.

What you've created are a bunch of very-aware, half-educated zombies who have made the decison to lobby their government for extended military involvement based solely on emotions and a name and almost everything that they know about Joseph Kony and the LRA, from what he wants to the solution to capture or kill him, comes from your film. They never would have guessed that sending a letter to their representatives was a more time-efficient way of advocating than pissing off their cities and plastering posters, that they did not need your premade "action kit" to make a difference if they are willing to make their own posters and their own t-shirts like any self-respecting grassroots advocate would have done, or that pressuring the Museveni regime to pick up the slack on finding Kony and at least be a competent dictator would have fewer moral questions than extending US military involvement indefinitely without any conditions was an option.

The problem with Invisible Children is that they aimed for the lowest common denominator. Advocacy without understanding is worthless, if not detrimental. By leaving advocacy to those who do not properly understand what they are asking for, you have placed the Ugandan people at risk by merely focusing on a symptom of Uganda's problem of poor governance and indirectly strengthening a dictator. An advocate and a person in general must be willing to acknowledge and accept the potential ramifications and consequences of their actions. Invisible Children is either unaware of the potential ramifications of what they are doing and what they are pushing or they refuse to admit them.

On 20/21 April, a bunch of kids are going to put up their posters with no clear understanding of the ramifications and consequences involved and will go to bed with the conviction that they had done the world right. But, what if there is a net gain in deaths that comes out of this as a result of Kony's capture or death and the side effect of fattening of the Museveni regime and his repressive rule? Will those kids have done the world ill? Will the blood of repressed Ugandans be on their hands if the push to capture Kony leads to more deaths, regardless of what was in their hearts? Who knows?

This is not the morally obvious question that you seem to believe that it is, Mr. Finck. Joseph Kony may be a bad actor but he is not the main problem of Uganda. If it weren't for the incompetence and corruption of the Museveni regime, we would not be worrying about Joseph Kony because he would have already been handled and by refusing to handle Kony within the social context that he exists, you and the Invisible Children organization have blown over other, potentially better solutions than militarization and endangered lives.

 

GROSVENOR

2:07 PM ET

March 17, 2012

I suspect 4/21 won't really

I suspect 4/21 won't really be that big. Support for this movement is crumbling. I doubt it can last another month, at least at the level we were originally suspecting. The only KONY chatter I see now online is about how the movement is falling apart.

 

SHAD0W

2:42 PM ET

March 18, 2012

Yes

A most excellent comment. I reflect your sentiments.

 

AMERICAN_FOREIGNER

1:25 AM ET

March 17, 2012

"The true impact of Kony 2012 is in its demand for results"

I understand that the message has to be simple to generate this many views, for a video to go this viral. HOWEVER, a simple mention of SOLUTIONS for how to get said results would have prevented A LOT of the criticism. Lobby governments for more action? OK, what KIND of action? Because military intervention/escalation is not smart in this post Afghan/Iraqi invasion climate. Yet because the message is so simple people can mistake this for a call for US military intervention in Central Africa.

Also, mention what the money donated to Invisible Children goes to. Like the FM radio defection project, or the education and quality of life improvement projects in formerly war torn areas. Inspire some confidence in people that you have a good idea of what works as far as getting results and people won't criticize the simplification.

Oversimplification leads uninformed people to think bad ideas are good solutions, like a large scale deployment of US troops into Central Africa (not productive to find a small militia of 200 people in a jungle where other civil wars are also being fought), or providing more funding and assistance to the Ugandan and Congolese armies (when they have also committed human rights violations).

 

ALLENELI

2:41 AM ET

March 17, 2012

Language barriers...

Perhaps Invisible Children isn't receiving commentary from folks in Congo or CAR because it's in English and not French...?

 

WEDDING SINGER LONDON

10:50 AM ET

March 17, 2012

The perfect marriage of required foreign policy and social media

Kony 2012 is the perfect marriage of the type of forighn policy and canvassing governments would like to make on the world through the sheer momentum that has carried this through. I only hope the same message sings to the politicians and public when highlighting some of the other problems in the world.

 

ERIN.

1:24 PM ET

March 17, 2012

the broader conversation

"The insight of local leaders in the DRC, the CAR, and South Sudan has been largely excluded from the broader conversation." One concern with IC's viral video: it too excluded those voices. Millions were introduced to the LRA by an American man, his child, and 3 Ugandans. That the broader conversation hasn't been more inclusive could have something to do with this simplistic story, no? In any case, IC has been learning quickly that people in America and Africa care about its programs, narrative choices, and, yes, complexity. I'd say openness to learning and reflection are good for any organization infused with millions of new dollars.

Moving forward, few question the immorality of Kony's tactics or oppose video's desired end: stop Kony. There are legit questions about morality and logistics of means: Doesn't military offensive vs. LRA mean military offensive against abductees? What form should US assistance take when dealing with armies/regimes that have records of major rights violations? Will affected communities have a say in shaping interventions, seeing as they're marginalized in their own countries? Etc. I hope any broader conversation can begin addressing some of these meaningful debates and significant challenges to future policy and action.

 

TRADEJACK

1:30 PM ET

March 17, 2012

Targeted towards American High school students and undergrads

Is it true then, that well-educated americans have a limited attention span? Is that really the reason why you can't give them a proper backgrounder of the situation in central Africa? Wow. I would have expected more from the commoners of the young leaders of the Free World. But it seems to me that, according to invisible children, we are expected to deal with five year olds there.

 

LUNDSTROM_KM

11:54 AM ET

March 18, 2012

We're talking here about the

We're talking here about the 'masses.' And yes, they do have a limited attention span. They've got all the entertainment they want at their fingertips, and it takes something short, to the point, and emotionally engaging in order to create viral video. If they naturally cared more about these issues, than a different video would have gone viral. Just the fact that this is what it took to catch peoples' attention should make that clear. Hopefully after watching this video, they'll care enough to look further. Heck, IC has made it pretty easy - there are multiple other films that are just as aesthetically pleasing and explain further the background of the conflict. But unfortunately, the majority won't read dense news articles, and won't sit through a history lesson.

 

RELLINGSON

3:49 AM ET

March 19, 2012

On Behalf of the Masses

As and undergrad who focuses in the Middle East, not sub-Saharan Africa, I'd assess that I hold about as much understanding of the situation with the LRA as my peers in other academic disciplines. I think they would agree with my assessment that our attention spans are not so much limited as they are focused. It is true, age is an inevitable shortcoming in our accumulation of knowledge so its not surprising that those of us who don't study sub-Saharan Africa don't have intimate knowledge of the situation in Uganda and nearby states, but that is no reason to assess that we are unable to comprehend the complexities of the situation.

For its part, IC has done wrong in framing the situation in overly-simplified terms because it is inevitable that those previously unfamiliar with the conflict will inevitably consider the issue in black and white terms. IC could have devoted at least some time examining the ramifications of the solutions it was pushing with Kony 2012. For our part, the audience should think critically remembering that the world exists in shades of grey.

 

GGINER

4:48 PM ET

March 18, 2012

Support for this movement is

Support for this movement is crumbling. I doubt it can last another month, at least at the level we were originally suspecting. JuegosThe only KONY chatter I see now online is about how the movement is falling apart.

 

WEDDING SINGER LONDON

6:52 AM ET

March 19, 2012

A great start

The main thing is that the momentum towards this campaign keeps moving forward and this that write in the media and write songs from wedding music to hip hop take the social baton and raise awareness for the invisible children.

 

REVPDR

7:06 AM ET

March 21, 2012

Movement

Comment, then question.
I showed the video to a class at school and stopped the video briefly following the segment at 15:01. The video shows a red blob moving from one area to another, while the voice over speaks of Kony's spread into other countries. When I asked the students what they thought, they said that meant Kony was expanding, getting bigger, moving into other countries. At no point were they aware that the movement was not a growth of the LRA.

The annual report of IC indicates a net loss of over a mil in FY 09, breaking even in '10 and profit of 4 mil in '11. According to the numbers on Charity Navigators, there has been profit every year. Additionally, IC showed assets of more than 2 mil before netting over 4 mil in '11. 2 questions. What are the accurate figures, and where will the money from the kits go? With a track record of great earning on bracelets and clothing, the kits will most likely show similar gains, which is a lot of potential profit.

 

CLAIREGARDENER

6:12 AM ET

March 30, 2012

Telling a Story

The fact was that it told a story is what helped it become viral. Footage that is easily understood and easily followed appeals to the masses. OK, we may not have shed a tear but we certainly felt compelled to pass it on.

 

CLAIREGARDENER

6:15 AM ET

March 30, 2012

Telling a Story

The fact was that it told a story is what helped it become viral. Footage that is easily understood and easily followed appeals to the masses. OK, we may not have shed a tear but we certainly felt compelled to pass it on.