On Jan. 11, France and Mali launched a joint air and ground
military operation against the hard-line Islamist groups in northern Mali. This Jan. 12 picture
-- taken with a cell phone (thus the poor resolution) -- shows Islamist insurgents in Gao, about 200 miles southeast of Timbuktu. For background on the current conflict, check out Peter Chilson's ebook and read his explanation for why the Mali conflict matters.
STRINGER/AFP/Getty Images


